Search results - CEJSH

1

ChatGPT: Cross cultural tourism research imperative

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Chen S., Zhang K., Li X., Ye H., Lin K. J., Law R.

Journal of Economics and Management

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2023

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vol. 45

137-146

EN

Aim/purpose – Cultural differences play an influential role in driving tourism development and varying outcomes of technology acceptance. The impact of ChatGPT on tourism is yet to be explored. Therefore, this study discussed how ChatGPT may influence tourism development and management in different cultural contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing specifically on individualism and collectivism from Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, this study compared the differences in the perception of ChatGPT between Oriental and Western cultures. Findings – Individualism and collectivism explain the diversity of perception on ChatGPT between Oriental and Western cultures. Research implications/limitations – Implications and suggestions are provided to academia and industry accordingly. Particularly, the difference between technological concepts and tools is highlighted to avoid having excessive expectations toward tools. Originality/value/contribution – This study extends the research on tourism and Artificial Intelligence and advocates additional attention to the imperative of cross-cultural differences regarding ChatGPT and tourism.

2

Wstrzymanie ruchu bezwizowego pomiędzy Polską a NRD w 1980 roku i jego konsekwencje

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Jankowiak S.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2021

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issue 1 (378)

157-169

EN

The aim of the study is to show on specific examples the evolution of mutual relations between Poland and the Democratic German Republic in a period of deepening economic crisis in Poland followed by an explosion of freedom connected with the strikes in August 1980 and the rise of a trade union movement independent of the United Polish Workers’ Party. According to the official propaganda, the correct relations between Poland and the GDR in the 1970s, deteriorated significantly with the growing economic crisis and the upsurge of independent initiatives in Polish society. The mistreatment of Poles by the GDR authorities took place even before the strikes of August 1980 and the birth of Solidarity. The emergence of the independent trade union movement in Poland caused the GDR authorities to close the border, preventing the transfer of these trends to their own territory. Not only were Poles denied entry to the GDR, but measures were also taken to dismiss Polish workers from German factories. The GDR authorities also pressured Warsaw to clean up and crack down on counterrevolution. Deterioration in relations between Poland and the GDR became apparent for citizens wishing to travel through German territory. Tourists from Poland were subjected to various forms of harassment aimed at effectively discouraging them from making such trips. Interestingly, Warsaw was surprised by the new policy of the GDR authorities and presented a different view of the situation than the German state. Attempts to force the change did not, however, bring positive results. The problem of border traffic disappeared after the introduction of martial law in Poland. The study mostly uses the historical method, but the inductive method was also employed. The problematic of the relations between Poland and the GDR is not very rich and the crucial processes have already been described. That is why the present paper does not repeat previous opinions, focusing on the identification and description of specific cases.

3

Co słychać w Zakopanem? Wspomnienia Władysława Matlakowskiego na tle relacji podhalańskich z przełomu wieków

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Kuniczuk-Trzcinowicz A.

Góry, Literatura, Kultura

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2016

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vol. 10

147-154

EN

The author introduces the figure of Władysław Matlakowski, a 19th-century “modern man” of many talents, today slightly forgotten despite his important contribution to science and culture in the second half of the 19th century. Chałubiński — awell-known Warsaw physician — became strongly assimilated into the Tatra landscape and people, when he was suffering from tuberculosis. That is why he became passionate about trying to save the highlanders’ culture and language. His memories of his journey and journal of his illness constitute avaluable source of information about how Matlakowski viewed the world around him, and show the sensitivity of this writer and translator.

4

Erasmus students as consumers of tourism services in Poland

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Zubrytska H.

Studia Periegetica

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2021

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vol. 35(3)

9-22

EN

Tourism is one of the main factors that encourage students to participate in the Erasmus programme, and many Erasmus students are eager to travel while studying abroad. The article highlights an important segment of the Polish tourism market, namely foreign students enrolled in the Erasmus programme. The article aims to identify opportunities for the tourism industry associated with Erasmus students in Poland, taking into account experiences of other countries. The study is based on empirical data obtained from the Polish Tourism Organization and from Erasmus Family in Cordoba, a Spanish travel agency for the period 2015-2018. In addition, the author conducted a literature review, analysed relevant documents, and relied on her own observations. The growing socio-economic benefits of the Erasmus programme for countries participating in the programme stimulate competition between them in an attempt to attract more international students, where success of particular host countries and their educational institutions depends on a number of factors, including those associated with tourism. Significant competitive advantages can be achieved in this respect by combining the efforts of educational institutions and those responsible for tourism policy.

5

Nice Carnival: an anthropology of institutions, tourism, and know-how

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Chabert A.

Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture

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2015

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issue Vol. 4

35-46

EN

: As a festival recreated in its modern form in 1873, the Nice Carnival has contributed to shaping the image of the city and of the French Riviera. While many carnivals and fairs in southeastern France have gradually lost success by becoming second-rate spring festivities, the carnival has remained a highlight in Nice: it is the event for which the town invests the most. In the city, the carnival takes place for a fortnight during the school holidays, and it has kept its role as a winter celebration. To explain these characteristics the author seeks to demonstrate the importance of the public and tourist policies that shape the way this carnival is put together, both as a festive ritual and a show. This emblematic carnival is promoted as a tradition and is seen as an economic stimulation process which is put forward through a marketing approach based on a context in which European cities are defined around central significant events. Designed as a leisure and family entertainment event, the Nice Carnival is also promoted as an international show, giving the city the image of a global carnival city at the same level as Venice and Rio. In Nice, the carnival is a lively show with paid admission, complete with grandstands and full of characters with caricatured features. Satire and irony are well organized – the floats and figurines in the procession are chosen by the city council after an invitation to tender. Every year, the city also selects a theme for the carnival. This institutionalization can also be witnessed in how the floats and the various parade figurines are built by experts, gathered together in family businesses. As a matter of fact, in Nice, the carnival is a matter of both professions and know-how. This article tends to show an original approach to the carnival compared with what is found in the traditional anthropological literature -in Nice, the carnival is not a transgressive ritual, a moment for excess, symbolizing inversion and disorder, but rather an official, institutional festival organized by the local powers.

6

Development of Tourism in a Cross-Border Area on the Example of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

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Meyer B., Gardzińska A.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2017

|

issue 1(47)

89-96

EN

Cross-border areas can be places of economic, social, cultural and tourism activity. Tourism development in such areas depends not only on the level of attractiveness of tourism assets and tourist infrastructure but, primarily, on the cooperation of many regional and local entities, expressed e.g. in the effective promotion of cross-border tourism products. The objective of the article is to identify determinants of tourism development and specify barriers to its development in the cross-border area of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The desk research method was used for the purposes of this paper. An audit of the current tourist development of the researched area (based on data provided by the Polish and German Statistical Offices) was used to determine the area’s tourism potential. The significance of cooperation for the creation of cross-border tourist products was illustrated by case studies of selected projects. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship and the German Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern make up a cross-border area well placed for tourism development, on the account of numerous tourism assets, good tourism development and the activity and involvement of tourism entities in the implementation of common tourist initiatives. The obstacles in turn are mainly of an administrative and financial nature. The analyzed projects, realized in the researched area by Polish and German entities, indicate the key importance of cooperation in cross-border areas.

PL

Obszary transgraniczne mogą być miejscem zróżnicowanej aktywności gospodarczej, społecznej, kulturowej, a także turystycznej. Rozwój turystyki na obszarach tego typu uzależniony jest nie tylko od poziomu atrakcyjności walorów turystycznych i infrastruktury turystycznej, ale przede wszystkim współpracy wielu podmiotów występujących na szczeblu regionalnym i lokalnym, znajdujących wyraz m.in. w skutecznej promocji transgranicznych produktów turystycznych. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja determinant i barier rozwoju turystyki na obszarze transgranicznym województwa zachodniopomorskiego i Meklemburgii – Pomorza Przedniego. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę desk research. Dla określenia potencjału turystycznego badanego obszaru został przeprowadzony audyt zagospodarowania turystycznego. Znaczenie współpracy dla kreowania transgranicznych produktów turystycznych zostało zilustrowane przykładami wybranych projektów. Województwo zachodniopomorskie oraz Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie tworzą obszar transgraniczny predysponowany do rozwoju turystyki, ze względu na liczne walory turystyczne, dobre zagospodarowanie turystyczne oraz aktywność i zaangażowanie podmiotów turystycznych w realizację wspólnych inicjatyw turystycznych. Bariery zaś mają charakter głównie administracyjny i finansowy. Analizowane projekty realizowane przez polskie i niemieckie podmioty na badanym obszarze wskazują na kluczowe znaczenie współpracy dla rozwoju turystyki na obszarach transgranicznych.

7

Turistická kolonizace Moravského krasu ve světle epigrafických památek Býčí skály

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Čermáková E., Golec M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2014

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vol. 101

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issue 4

459-482

EN

The study focuses on analysis of the collection of historical graffiti preserved in the cave Býčí skála (Moravian Karst). Epigraphic relics preserved here, started to be produced around 1796, when the cave was an integral part of the Lichtenstein romantic landscape park. The research proved several touristic "waves of colonization" the manifested themselves in different character of the graffiti and their varied spatial distribution in the cave

8

The Sierra Leone – Gullah Geechee Connection – Deepening the Connection: A tourist satisfaction study

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Massally A., Holladay P. J., McGough F. M., King R.

Studia Periegetica

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2021

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vol. 34(2)

27-43

EN

Sierra Leone is one of several countries along the Rice Coast of West Africa. Gullah Geechee people live in the coastal region of the United States from Pender County, North Carolina to St. Johns County, Florida. The essential tie between Sierra Leoneans and Gullah Geechee people is rice. The purpose of the article is to present information that assess satisfaction, perceptions, preferences and characteristics of a tour of Gullah Geechee people to Sierra Leone. The study data enabled the analysis and identification of tourist satisfaction, as well as provided understanding of potential trip improvements. Implications from the study bring Sierra Leone into the fold of heritage tours as seen in Ghana and Senegal, people discovering their roots, enabling social investments in developing nations and can be of service to the Government of Sierra Leone.

9

Achieving thermal comfort and sustainable urban development in accordance with the principles of bioclimatic architecture: A case study of Ulcinj (Montenegro)

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Bajçinovci B.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2017

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vol. 36

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issue 4

EN

Human communities have always taken actions to create a healthier environment for living and working. Those efforts are best documented in the architectural structure everywhere, starting from ancient history to the present. It is assumed that the town of Ulcinj is one of the earliest cities on the Adriatic coast. The building morphology and urban structure of Ulcinj is 2,500 years old and is continued by multi-ethnical society. Hence, the urban structure of Ulcinj developed harmonically across the rock hills which encompass the city beach, forming the urban structure which is perceived as the unity of land and sea. The study investigates the Ulcinj urban structure, urban management, sustainable development, focusing on human comfort, and environmental actions with a view to accomplish better and more natural life. Bioclimatic passive design principles are associated with an environmental sustainable design, interrelated to the microclimate of the region, connected to the thermal, spatial, visual, acoustic, and air quality. The research method consists of empirical observation through the city and riviera. According to the conceptual findings of this paper, with a proper implementation of bioclimatic passive principles, the work seeks to indicate that it is possible to achieve a higher level than the current one. Hence, the huge number of tourists and overnight stays can make a difference in eco-tourism, and sustainable development if we can achieve energy efficiency, and preserve the natural resources in accordance with passive bioclimatic principles.

10

Water level fluctuations in the Turawa Reservoir in relation to the tourist use of the water body

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Jankowski A. T., Ruman M., Górniak R.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2008

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vol. 13

133-144

EN

The aim of the paper is to assess the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir (50° 43' N, 18° 08' E) in relation to the tourist use of the water body. The reservoir is situated within the macroregion of the Silesian Lowland in the mesoregion of the Opole Plain. In administrative terms, the reservoir is situated in the pole Province within the borough of Turawa. In hydrological terms, in turn, it is situated in the catchment area of the Mała Panew river, which belongs to the basin of the Odra river. The Turawa Reservoir was opened for use in 1938, and in 1948 it was filled with water to its maximum for the first time. At present, the surface area of the reservoir, when it is filled with water to its maximum, is about 20.8 km2, its volume 99.5 mln m3, and its depth exceeds 13 meters. In the period of hydrological years 1976-2000 water levels in this reservoir were characterized by high, unnoticed in natural conditions, amplitudes of changes reaching 6.99 m. Anthropogenically stimulated fluctuations in the water level result in conflicts in terms of tasks and functions that the Turawa Reservoir was designed for. Changes in the level of the water surface in the Turawa Reservoir resulted from the impact of the natural factors (thaw and rainfall related high water levels), as well as anthropogenic ones (the need to improve sailing conditions, water supply for industrial and municipal needs). Decreasing the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir is necessary in order to maintain its tourist-recreational functions and keep the ecological condition of its waters at the appropriate level.

11

Identifying students’ entrepreneurial aspirations in the tourism and recreation industry

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Sidorkiewicz M.

Turyzm

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2020

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vol. 30

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issue 2

79-84

EN

The aim of the article, in theoretical terms, is to investigate aspirations for entrepreneurship among students. In empirical terms, the objective is to determine the levels of aspiration in the field of entrepreneurship among students with a tourism and recreation profile in the business area related to their degree. In other words the scale of their willingness to set up their own business in the tourism and recreation industry. To achieve its goal, primary research was conducted using the questionnaire method (114 students of Tourism and Recreation took part). Moreover, desk research was used in the form of literature analysis, ‘logical operations’ and observation (especially in referring to practical aspects). The article consists of four substantive parts, an introduction and a conclusion. The results of the research show that the level of entrepreneurship aspiration among the students surveyed is high. The majority (89%) plan to set up their own business in the future in the area of tourism and recreation (76%), most often in the accommodation industry, event organisation or catering.

12

Sustainable development in the hotel industry: Between theory and practice in Poland

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Kapera I.

Turyzm

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2018

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vol. 28

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issue 2

23-30

EN

The aim of the paper is to discuss the current state, implementation capabilities and barriers to the implementation of sustainable development principles in the hotel industry in Poland. The paper examines the issue on the basis of the evolution and implementation of sustainable development principles at hotels. Best practices are analyzed in terms of the introduction of these principles and practical problems in the implementation process are also scrutinized.

13

Chování spotřebitele v cestovním ruchu

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Martin S., Andrea Ž., Jitka K.

Littera Scripta

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2010

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vol. 1+2

84-97

EN

Firstly, the article introduces the basic problems of consumer behaviour within the tourism industry market. It mainly introduces the modified model of the purchasing decision process. The goal of this article is to undertake an analysis referring to the significance of individual factors concerning the consumer decision process within the tourism industry and group together the individual factors. The results of the analyses are based on the questioning of 541 respondents. Methods used encompass the statistical frequency analysis and cluster analysis described under methodology. The opening of the article is dedicated to the analysis of the vacation intensity throughout the year. The analysis of expenditures dedicated to vacation demonstrated a significant difference between winter and summer holiday with the prevailing 10 to 15 thousand CZK spent on summer holidays and typically, 5 to 10 thousand CZK allotted for winter holiday. Next the analysis follows the utilization of bonus programs. Very interesting information has been gathered. The final part of the analysis is dedicated to factors influencing the respondents when choosing their vacation. Apart from the basic factors such as price, image or advertisements, the respondents were asked if they had been influenced by factors such as loyalty bonus programs, expert recommendations, provided services etc. The individual factors have been grouped together by the means of a cluster analysis. Four primary groups emerged from this cluster analysis and following terms were introduced – sale group, image group, information group and price-custom group.

14

Diagnosis of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index Methodology on the Example of Poland’s Position on the Tourist Market

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Januszewska M., Jaremen D., Nawrocka E.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2018

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issue 3(53)

19-25

EN

The purpose of the article is to assess Poland’s position on the international tourist market taking a comparative approach, in the light of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) developed by the World Economic Forum (WEF), and also critical analysis of the TTCI methodology used in the years 2009–2016. The countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) indicated by the Polish Tourism Organization as the most important competitors were selected for the comparative analysis of Poland’s position on the tourist market. The research proved that in the analyzed period the position of Polish tourism against the background of competitors is growing as a result of the significant improvement of the Travel & Tourism regulatory framework and infrastructure. The WEF methodology is not yet perfect due to the selection and number of respondents, whereas the modification of competition factors, consistent with the evolution of theoretical concepts and also keeping up with the progress in business practice, deserves a positive assessment.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena pozycji Polski na międzynarodowym rynku turystycznym w ujęciu komparatywnym, w świetle Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) opracowanego przez World Economic Forum (WEF), a także krytyczna analiza metodyki TTCI stosowanej w latach 2009–2016. Do analizy porównawczej pozycji na rynku turystycznym wybrano kraje: Czechy, Słowacja, Wegry, Litwa, Łotwa i Estonia, wskazane przez Polską Organizację Turystyczną jako najważniejszych konkurentów Polski. Badania dowiodły, że w analizowanym okresie pozycja polskiej turystyki na tle konkurentów rośnie dzięki znacznej poprawie ram regulacyjnych i infrastruktury w sektorze podróży i turystyki. Metodologia WEF nie jest jeszcze doskonała z uwagi na dobór i liczebność respondentów, natomiast na pozytywną ocenę zasługuje modyfikacja czynników konkurencyjności, zgodna z ewolucją koncepcji teoretycznych i nadążająca za postępem w praktyce gospodarczej.

15

WYBRANE ASPEKTY ROZWOJU RUCHU TURYSTYCZNEGO W REPUBLICE POŁUDNIOWEJ AFRYKI W WARUNKACH GLOBALIZACJI

100%

SALA S.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Turystyka i Rekreacja

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2017

|

issue 2(20)

151-161

PL

Praca prezentuje analizę ruchu turystycznego RPA. W tym celu przedstawiono jego uwarunkowania, zbadano wielkość ruchu turystycznego (stosując wskaźnik Deferta) oraz zbadano intensywność ruchu turystycznego (za pomocą wskaźnika Schneidera). RPA jest krajem bardzo atrakcyjnym turystycznie. Na wyjątkową atrakcyjność turystyczną składają się zarówno walory przyrodnicze, bogate i różnorodne dziedzictwo kulturowe jak i dobrze rozwinięty przemysł turystyczny. Pomimo położenia z dala od grupy krajów rozwiniętych RPA jest krajem chętnie odwiedzanym przez Europejczyków. Spośród turystów europejskich najliczniej do RPA przybywają obywatele z Wielkiej Brytanii oraz Niemiec. Dużą grupę stanowią także turyści z USA. Jednak zdecydowanie większa liczba turystów zagranicznych pochodzi z krajów sąsiadujących z RPA.

EN

The work presents an analysis of South African tourism. To illustrate its determinants, the volume of tourist traffic (using the Defert index) and the intensity of tourist traffic (using the Schneider index) were examined. South Africa is a very attractive tourist destination. The unique attractiveness of tourism consists of both natural values, rich and varied cultural heritage as well as a well-developed tourism industry. Despite its location away from the group of developed countries, it is a country frequented by Europeans. Out of the European tourists, most of the tourists come to South Africa from the United Kingdom and Germany. There is also a large group of tourists from the US. However, a significantly larger number of foreign tourists come from the neighboring countries of South Africa.

16

Mistrzostwa Europy w Piłce Nożnej UEFA EURO 2012 a turystyka w Polsce – wstępna ocena

100%

Borzyszkowski J.

Turystyka Kulturowa

|

2012

|

issue 9

55-68

EN

In this article, initial information was presented (as of July 2012) concerning the influence of the UEFA EURO 2012 European Football Championship on the tourist sector in Poland. Selected indexes and data (to be more precise: estimations) were presented which include the results that occurred in tourism under the influence of the event analyzed. They concerned only selected issues including the intensity of the tourist traffic and opinions on the part of visitors concerning the event and Poland in the context of another arrival to our country. At the same time, based on selected opinions, potential opportunities and threats were presented for tourism in the coming years taking into consideration the potential possibilities of the occurrence of the so-called Barcelona effect.

17

A ‘contest’ as a pedagogical method in tourism higher education: A case study in teaching creativity through problem-solving

100%

Leśniewska-Napierała K., Napierała T., Tjørve K. M. C., Tjørve E.

Turyzm

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2020

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vol. 30

|

issue 1

43-52

EN

The main goal of the paper is to discuss whether a contest, as an educational tool, can develop the creativity of participants when the main goal of the students may be to win. A 24HOURS contest was implemented as a case study. Three methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the 24HOURS contest: a written questionnaire, individual in-depth interviews, and an online questionnaire. Results proved that the contest was unsatisfactory in increasing students’ creativity, as they were oriented to win, or to acquire knowledge, rather than to cooperate or interact with representatives of other student teams. The investigation confirmed the tutors’ enabling responsibility for both cooperation and creativity during the contest. However, expectations of tutor engagement caused concern and their role should, therefore, have been more clearly defined. Analysis of the case study presented in this paper can provide pedagogues with insight into the design and implementation of contests as educational tools.

18

Causes of variations in the scale of tourism in Polish national parks

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Miazek P.

Turyzm

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2020

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vol. 30

|

issue 1

71-83

EN

National parks are among the most frequently visited tourist places in Poland. Every year, millions of tourists travel to spend time there and their number is constantly rising. National parks take nearly 30% of all domestic tourism. However, the number of people visiting individual national parks strongly varies. Some parks are visited by millions, others by only several thousand. The article is an attempt to indicate the main causes of the varying number of tourists visiting national parks. By analysing individual features of tourism in specific national parks, especially in those where the differences are most visible, the author attempts to distinguish aspects which may explain this phenomenon.

19

Wykorzystanie funduszy unijnych jako czynnika rozwoju sektora turystycznego

100%

Dyrda G., Dyrda-Maciałek S.

Przedsiębiorstwo i Region

|

2011

|

issue 3

98-108

EN

The aim of the article is to show how to use European funds as a factor of tourism sector development. Tourism is one of the most prosperous branch of economy that becames an important stimulant of an economic growth in many european regions. The EU- cohesion policy exists in funding domestic, regional and transborder programms of tourism development stimulation in the EU regions. Beneficjaries of these programms are usually territorial goverments, trade organisations, associations, foundations, universities and enterpreneurs. An effective use of european funds make a chance of economic activation of tourism reception areas. Therefore, in all programms co-financing by the EU- funds, that are coverage in Poland, there are included projects of tourism sector development support

20

The tourism function of the castles of the Knights of the Teutonic Order in Poland

100%

Musiaka Ł.

Turyzm

|

2013

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vol. 23

|

issue 2

49-57

EN

The author’s main objective is to define the level of development of the tourism function of the Teutonic Order castles found in the area of contemporary Poland. The author has taken into account both well-preserved and renovated castles, as well as those in a state of ruin. In order to achieve his goal, he analysed forms of castle development and numbers of tourists, which is the main measure of the tourism function. The final stage of the research was to define the tourism rank of the castles studied.

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