Search results - CEJSH

1

Kilka refleksji o przyczynach i możliwych skutkach światowego kryzysu finansowo-gospodarczego

100%

Płowiec U.

Studia Ekonomiczne (Economic Studies)

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2009

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issue 3-4(62-63)

163-190

EN

World financial crisis of 2008 was evoked mainly by three self-supporting causes and consequently its effects concern three domains. At first, it revealed weakness of banking and whole financial system mainly in the USA, but also in the other countries. The traditional American mortgage banking model based on durable bilateral relationship between the bank and the debtor was replaced at the end of 1990. by a new model, based on securitization and globalization of financial markets, where the risk is unknown. In the globalization era it had to lead to financial crisis in the global scale. At second, it revealed shortsightedness of US economic policy, i.e. internal and external indebtedness (life on credit of the whole country) and the declining of political and economic hegemony on behalf of the emerging countries. At third, it revealed that the theory of economic sciences does not keep up with the reality. Mixed model of Chinese economy that uses market mechanism to the implementation of the decisions taken by meritocracy on behalf of the public welfare proved to be more effective than the traditional liberal, where market forces dominate the interests of all other subjects. In sum, the results of crisis may be creative.

2

The role of central banks in the market economy in a period of financial crisis

63%

Kamba-Kibatshi M.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2012

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vol. 26

27-44

XX

Bank centralny nie jest typowym podmiotem gospodarczym (nie ma charakteru komercyjnego) ani urzędem administracji państwowej, choć skupia w sobie niektóre ich cechy. Banki centralne ze względu na spełniane funkcje i realizowane zadania są uważane za instytucje sektora publicznego. Są one jednostkami państwowymi lub podporządkowanymi państwu, o różnym stopniu niezależności, np.: w USA i Niemczech bank centralny ma znaczą autonomię, zaś w Japonii, Wielkiej Brytanii i Norwegii w dużym stopniu podlega państwu. W Polsce bank centralny (NBP) odpowiada za stabilność narodowego pieniądza. Wypełniając swój konstytucyjny obowiązek, bank centralny (NBP) opracowuje i realizuje strategię polityki pieniężnej, a także i uchwalane corocznie założenia polityki pieniężnej. Poprzez zarządzanie rezerwami dewizowymi zapewnia odpowiedni poziom bezpieczeństwa finansowego państwa. W ramach pełnionych funkcji nadzorczych i regulacyjnych NBP dba o płynność, sprawność i bezpieczeństwo systemu płatniczego. Przyczynia się również do rozwoju bezpiecznej infrastruktury rynku finansowego.

EN

The central bank – isn't a typical business entity (it’s character is not commercial), neither a body of government administration, although some central bank’s attributes seems to be similar to those units. The central banks with regard for fulfilled functions and implemented tasks are considered to be public sector bodies. The central banks are the state units or units subordinated to the state, which has various degree of independence, e.g.: in the USA and Germany the central bank is characterised with large extend of autonomy but in Japan, the Great Britain and Norway the central bank is subordinated to the state in a large degree. In Poland the central bank (the National Bank of Poland) is responsible for a stability of national currency. The National Bank of Poland, fulfilling its’ constitutional duty, is preparing and implementing the strategy of monetary policy, as well as assumptions of monetary policy which are enacted every year. The central bank is ensuring appropriate level of state’s financial safety by the managing of foreign currency reserves. In the range of fulfilled supervisory and regulatory functions the National Bank of Poland is being concerned for the fluidity, the efficiency and the safety of payment system. It’s also contributing to development of safe infrastructure of financial market

3

Unia Europejska wobec kryzysu finansów publicznych w strefie euro

63%

Kalka P.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2012

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issue 2(343)

145-170

EN

The author presents initiatives launched by the European Union in order to overcome the financial crisis of the eurozone member states. To meet this goal emergency instruments were created (aid programs for Greece, European Stability Mechanism and purchase by the European Central Bank of loans issued by countries of the eurozone in debt crisis) as well as permanent instruments (the Euro Plus Pact, sharpened regulations of the Stability and Growth Pact and the Fiscal Pact). Emergency measures did not bring about any substantial positive effects since only the financial situation of Ireland improved to some extent. The state of public finances in Greece is still critical and therefore many economists suggest that this country should declare its bankruptcy. Permanent instruments to fight debt might yield the desired effects (in the case of a majority of the eurozone countries) if they are used consistently and in accordance with their object.

4

Competition in the Financial Sector and Financial Crises in a Business Cycle Model

63%

Kopiec P.

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics

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2023

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issue 2

157-213

EN

This theoretical work studies a dynamic general equilibrium model with the financial sector in which aggregate activity depends on the conditions of intermediaries' balance sheets. This environment is used to demonstrate the business cycle consequences of changes in competition in the financial industry. On the one hand, a more competitive banking sector is associated with a higher average level of aggregate output. On the other hand, however, a less competitive financial industry increases financial and macroeconomic stability. This trade-off is present both in the short run and in the long run.

5

Stress testing as a tool for simulating the effects of crisis in banks

51%

Wiszniowski E.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2010

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vol. 1

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issue 1

58-66

EN

Emergence of crisis in financial markets, especially banks, have forced a change in approach to risk management. It has become necessary to develop new or refine existing models of early bankruptcy threat warning, as well as establishing the potential impact of bank failures. One of the tools, indicating that resistance to the phenomenon of crisis is “stress testing”. Its aim, at least in the case of banks, is concerned with estimating the level of economic resistance towards the occurring risk. Some of these risks are: the non-payment of loans due to deterioration in the economic situation of a country, fluctuations in interest rates, exchange rates and a fall in prices of securities which are traded on stock exchanges. This article discusses the nature of stress testing and shows the current legislation in Poland and presents the results of a stress testing conducted on the largest U.S. banks in May 2009. The rank and results of these studies show the importance of the role of stress testing as a complementary research of a diagnostic and prognostic nature.

6

Strategic priorities of modernization of Ukrainian economy in after-crisis period

51%

Fedirko A.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2012

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vol. 26

136-146

EN

The article is a continuation of the author’s research, “Compensation model of economic growth of Ukraine”, published in the monograph “Convergence of Economic Models of Poland and Ukraine” (Krakow, 2009). The article explores trends of the economic development of Ukraine in the time of global economic and financial crisis (2008–2011). The influence of the crisis is regarded as a possibility to unveil the weaknesses of national economic system. Author argues that short-term economic recovery of Ukraine in 2010 is built on very uncertain drivers. Therefore economic policies need to be revised. Author comprehends a number of key drawbacks in order to work out strategic priorities of modernization of Ukrainian economy in after-crisis period.

PL

Artykuł stanowi kontynuację badań autora „Model kompensacji wzrostu gospodarczego Ukrainy”, które zostały opublikowane w monografii „Konwergencja modeli ekonomicznych. Polska i Ukraina” (Kraków, 2009). W artykule podjęto badania nad trendami rozwoju gospodarczego Ukrainy w czasie globalnego, ekonomiczno-finansowego kryzysu (2008–2011). Oddziaływanie kryzysu uznawane jest za czynnik odsłaniający słabości narodowego systemu ekonomicznego. Autor dowodzi, że krótkookresowa poprawa sytuacji gospodarczej Ukrainy w 2010 r. oparta jest na bardzo niepewnych podstawach. Stąd polityka gospodarcza powinna zostać zrewidowana. Autor wskazuje na liczne kluczowe bariery w celu wypracowania strategicznych priorytetów modernizacji gospodarki Ukrainy w okresie pokryzysowym.

7

Testing Integration Effects Between the Cee and U.S. Stock Markets During the 2007–2009 Global Financial Crisis

51%

Olbryś J., Majewska E.

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

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2015

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vol. 15

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issue 1

101-113

EN

The main goal of this paper is to explicitly test a research hypothesis that there was no integration effect among the U.S. and the eight Central and Eastern European (CEE) stock markets during the 2007-2009 Global Financial Crisis (GFC). As growing international integration could lead to a progressive increase in cross-market correlations, the evaluation of integration was carried out by applying equality tests of correlation matrices computed over non-overlapping subsamples: the pre-crisis and crisis periods, in the group of investigated markets. The crisis periods are formally established based on a statistical method of dividing market states into bullish and bearish markets. The sample period May 2004-April 2014 includes the 2007 U.S. subprime financial crisis. The robustness analysis of the integration tests with respect to various data frequencies is provided. The empirical results are not homogeneous and they depend both on the integration test and data frequency. Consequently, it is not possible to conclude whether integration between the investigated markets is present.

8

Do we really need to start from scratch?

51%

Gradzewicz M., Makarski K., Tyrowicz J.

Studia Ekonomiczne (Economic Studies)

|

2009

|

issue 3-4(62-63)

191-211

EN

This paper presents views and believes of the authors on the relevance of the current economic theory for the understanding of the complex world we live in. Has the crisis indeed demonstrated that as profession we are misled by the beauty of the mathematical models and the only useful, workable solutions at hand were provided in early 1930s? The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the current state-of-the-art literature from the perspective of its usefulness in the context of economic crises. We argue that although we might be unable to answer many questions or to “predict” crises, the path we are following is the right one. Furthermore, going back to Keynes would not solve any of the identified problems and would generate problems on its own. Analysing the state of economics after the crisis it is argued that (i) we need models with micro-foundations, (ii) we need better models with micro-foundations. Already existent and promising directions for future research are discussed.

9

Did the Crisis in the Interbank Market Run Parallel to the Crisis in the Capital Market? : Cospectral Analysis

51%

Burzała M.

Bezpieczny Bank

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2015

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issue 2 (59)

96-112

EN

For analysts of the crisis it is important to find out whether financial market disturbances occurred simultaneously for different segments of this market. If certain lags are identified, this might form a basis to establish the direction of capital flows. The research hypothesis about the simultaneous occurrence of capital and interbank market disturbances was verified by using cospectral analysis. The results of empirical research that are presented in this article indicate that the covariance of the studied segments of the financial market in the U.S. was very low. This means that the capital market only showed a delayed reaction to single impulses coming from the interbank market in relation to certain crisis events.

10

Ramy budżetowe państw członkowskich – nowe regulacje prawne w zakresie polityki budżetowej w Unii Europejskiej

51%

Marchewka–Bartkowiak K.

Studia BAS

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2012

|

issue 3(31)

161-182

EN

The author introduces the question of rules concerning the characteristics of the budgetary frameworks – the guidelines which are intended to ensure compliance of the EU member states budgetary policy with the relevant obligations under the excessive government debt arrangements. The first section looks at the legal basis of these budgetary frameworks. The following section reviews selected effects of the budgetary frameworks on the EU member states’ policies. In the final section, the author discusses changes in the public finance sector in Poland that have been triggered by these regulations.

11

The mean reversion/persistence of financial cycles: Empirical evidence for 24 countries worldwide

51%

Lv S., Xu Z., Fan X., Qin Y., Skare M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2023

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vol. 18

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issue 1

11-47

EN

Research background: The globalization trend has inevitably enhanced the connectivity of global financial markets, making the cyclicality of financial activities and the spread of market imbalances have received widespread attention, especially after the global financial crisis. Purpose of the article: To reduce the negative effects of the contagiousness of the financial cycles, it is necessary to study the persistence of financial cycles and carve out the total connectedness, spillover paths, and sources of risks on a global scale. In addition, understanding the relationship between the financial cycle and economic development is an important way to prevent financial crises. Methods: This paper adopts the nonlinear smoothing transition autoregressive (STAR) model to extract cyclical and phase characteristics of financial cycles based on 24 countries during 1971Q1?2015Q4, covering developed and developing countries, the Americas, Europe, and Asia regions. In addition, the frequency connectedness approach is used to measure the connectedness of financial cycles and the relationship between the global financial cycle and the global economy. Findings & value added: The analysis reveals that aggregate financial cycles persist for 13.3 years for smoothed and 8.7 years for unsmoothed on average. The national financial cycles are asynchronous and exhibit more prolonged expansions and faster contractions. The connectedness of financial cycles is highly correlated with systemic crises and contributes to the persistence and harmfulness of shocks. It is mainly driven by short-term components and exhibits more pronounced interconnectedness within regions than across regions. During the financial crisis, the global financial cycle movements precede and are longer than the business fluctuations. Based on the study, some policy implications are presented. This paper emphasizes the impact of systemic crises on the persistence of financial cycles and their connectedness, which contributes to refining research related to the coping mechanisms of financial crises.

12

Values and Economic Crisis

51%

Pyrkosz D.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2012

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vol. 25

144-156

EN

In the midst of debates on possible causes and solutions to the current unrest in international markets, political and economic decision makers tend to primarily focus on the role of economic and financial measures and oversee the fact that the economic instability is also the result of negative occurrences beyond the economic sphere, i.e. in the area of values and culture. With reference to the findings in the 2010 World Economic Forum report and other relevant publications on the role of culture and values in economic development, the paper seeks to answer the question to what extent the present economic crisis is rooted in the crisis of some fundamental values critical not only to a sound economy but also society and what are the possible ways of dealing with it.

PL

W dyskusjach na temat możliwych przyczyn i rozwiązań obecnej niepewnej sytuacji gospodarczej na międzynarodowych rynkach, decydenci – zarówno polityczni, jak i ekonomiczni – mają tendencję do koncentrowania się na roli instrumentów gospodarczych i finansowych, pomijając tym samym fakt, że niestabilność ekonomiczna jest również rezultatem negatywnych zjawisk występujących poza sferą gospodarczą, tj. w sferze wartości i kultury. Przyjmując za punkt wyjścia wyniki raportu opublikowanego w 2010 roku przez Światowe Forum Ekonomiczne oraz odnosząc się do innych istotnych publikacji na temat roli kultury i wartości w rozwoju ekonomicznym, artykuł poszukuje odpowiedzi, do jakiego stopnia obecny kryzys ekonomiczny jest również kryzysem fundamentalnych wartości warunkujących istnienie nie tylko silnej gospodarki, ale również i zdrowego społeczeństwa. Artykuł przedstawia również postulaty zmian, które mogłyby uzdrowić sytuację.

13

The CEE countries’ first decade of EU membership: from policy-takers towards agenda-setters?

51%

Schweiger C.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2015

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issue 31(4)

99-118

EN

The accession of the group of eight post-communist Central and Eastern European mem- ber states who joined in 2004 marked a historic watershed in the development of the European Union. The subsequent enlargements in 2004 represented the biggest expansion of the EU’s membership base since the beginning of the institutionalised process of insti- tutional European integration after the end of WW2. Even more importantly however, it constituted the official end of more than four decades in which the European continent had been artificially divided into two ideological and military blocs by the Cold War. This article concentrates on the 2004 enlargement and analyses how the CEE-8 group has integrated into the EU’s institutional and policy acquis over the past decade. In this respect the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008–09 represents a major challenge for the countries of the region in their ongoing political, economic and social transforma- tion since the fall of communism. The paper examines to what extent the CEE countries have managed to tackle the multiple challenges of the post-communist transition and which factors have determined their status as predominantly passive policy-takers. Special emphasis is put on the impact of the 2008–09 global financial crisis, which poses the risk of backsliding the CEE’s domestic political and economic transition process and growing alienation from the increasingly complex new coordinative EU policy mechanisms. The article also considers the potential future role of the semi-institutionalised cooperation amongst the Visegrád 4 group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) in effec- tively promoting the interests of the wider CEE region in the EU. The main challenge in this respect lies in the persistent diversity of national interests and varying levels of com- mitment towards transnational cooperation amongst the V4 and the wider CEE group. This especially applies to the regional leader Poland, which has been torn between the ambition to intensify regional cooperation and the desire to become a leading player in the EU alongside France and Germany.

14

Wymiana rynkowa, interes własny i dobro wspólne: kryzys finansowy a ekonomia moralna

51%

Snyder Belousek D. W.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2012

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vol. 15

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issue 2(55)

7-18

EN

The financial crisis of 2008–2009 presents us with the opportunity to not only understand what has happened in the markets but also to reflect on the purpose of the marketplace. Drawing from expert economic analyses, we first assess the central lesson of the crisis—the failure of self-regulation by rational self-interest to moderate externalized risk in financial markets. Second, we ask the philosophical question occasioned by the crisis concerning the moral meaning of economic activity: Is market exchange solely for the sake of self-interest? Reflecting on the poetry of Kahlil Gibran and engaging with the recent encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI, we turn our attention from political economy to moral economy: the relationships among market exchange, self-interest, and the common good—and, in particular, the prior conditions of market exchange and their moral significance for the present crisis.

15

Finansowanie szkolnictwa wyższego w Stanach Zjednoczonych

51%

Grabińska B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 919

33-49

EN

The American higher education system has been recognised as the best in the world, a fact borne out by international academic university rankings. The US has one of the most market-oriented higher education systems in the world and many countries look at the country’s approach when undertaking to reform the funding of their own systems. The objective of the article is to present the characteristics of the US higher education system, emphasising its structure of financing and funding mechanisms.

16

The use of accounting tools in the assessment of enterprise financing policy – debt and liquidity

51%

Prysiński Ł., Kołysko W.

Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie

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2014

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vol. 15

|

issue 1

83-92

EN

The article is devoted to the use of accounting tools in the assessment of financial policy of enterprises in the financial crisis. The purpose of the article was to show the impact of financial structure on the financial liquidity of chosen similar firms. The study hypothesized that during financial crisis, a better financial position in terms of liquidity have firms, which limit the level of short - term liabilities in financing short - term assets. To verify the hypotheses, the analysis of documents (financial statements) and debt and liquidity ratios were used.

17

Public Debt under Financial Crisis in the New EU Member States

51%

Uryszek T.

Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 1

153-162

EN

With the growing imbalance of public sectors in the EU Member States, the public debt in the countries increased too. Public debt management institutions face the task of choosing the optimal debt structure in order to minimize the negative effects for the economy. This article sets out to determine changes in the public debt structure in the EU Member States during economic crisis. It consists of four sections. Section one deals with public debt management under crisis conditions. In the next sections, the term, currency and lender structure of public debt in the new Member States are analysed and discussed. The last section presents major conclusions from the research.

18

Kryzys finansów publicznych czy kryzys płatniczy krajów PIIGS?

51%

Koronowski A.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2011

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vol. 248

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issue 5-6

69-84

EN

The article examines the causes behind a credibility crisis that has hit a group of euro-zone countries collectively referred to as PIIGS: Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain. The author discusses the economic policy being pursued in these countries in response to the crisis. The credibility crisis is generally being attributed to high public finance deficits and significant levels of public debt in the PIIGS countries. But this interpretation fails to consider the fact that various other countries are also struggling with high deficits and public debts. In addition to problems related to their public finances, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain, are also suffering from an imbalance of payments. The high current-account deficits in these countries reflect unbalanced public finance-sector budgets and excessive private sector spending. The balance-of-payments aspect of the credibility crisis besetting PIIGS countries is obscured by these countries’ membership of the euro zone. This diagnosis is the starting point for asking a question about an economic policy aimed at addressing the imbalance-of-payments problem experienced by PIIGS countries. The widely recommended “consolidation” of public finances is hardly an optimal measure, according to Koronowski; nor can it be applied on a satisfactory scale, the author says. The best option would be to use an appropriate exchange rate policy, Koronowski says, because of the asymmetrical nature of the difficulties being experienced by these countries, including the balance-of-payments aspect of the crisis. However, such a policy is missing in euro-zone countries. In the absence of adequate national economic policies, the EU’s policy towards the PIIGS countries boils down to either explicit or implicit assistance granted by the European Central Bank, the European Commission and member states. According to Koronowski, this violates the underpinnings of the euro zone, undermines the credibility of the European Central Bank, ignores the principle of democratic control over public finances, and ultimately fails to effectively resolve the problem.

19

Przyszłość paktu stabilności i wzrostu

51%

Lubiński M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2011

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vol. 245

|

issue 1-2

19-42

EN

The article focuses on the European Union’s Stability and Growth Pact in the context of the experience of the latest financial crisis. The starting point for the discussion is a look at the basic assumptions of the Stability and Growth Pact. Subsequently the author evaluates the agreement in the form in which it was adopted before the latest crisis. The article closes with conclusions resulting from the financial crisis for the future of the Stability and Growth Pact. The latest crisis has upset the balance in the public finance sector and renewed debate about the Stability and Growth Pact, Lubiński says. According to critics, the Stability and Growth Pact, which was expected to guarantee stability in the eurozone, has largely failed to live up to expectations. The international debate has featured many arguments for and against the Stability and Growth Pact. At the same time, some earlier proposals for changes have been revived and new proposals have been made. The latter are not always realistic for political reasons, according to Lubiński. The global financial crisis has exposed the weaknesses of the existing system and highlighted the need to strengthen implementation and coordination efforts and take additional preventive and remedial measures, the author says. The crisis has shown that a comprehensive system for resolving crises needs to be developed, according to Lubiński.The proposed measures call for far-reaching modifications that would in practice mean a departure from the Stability and Growth Pact. Some argue that the Stability and Growth Pact is only a slogan and an unrealistic scenario for the European Union-one that could lead to completely different results than those originally assumed.

20

Impact of the global financial crisis on cooperation between SMEs and banks

51%

Bednarz J., Markiewicz M.

Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

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2012

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vol. 1

|

issue 1

15-25

PL

Sektor MSP pełni kluczową rolę w rozwoju polskiej gospodarki. Jest on często postrzegany przez banki jako obiecujący i dochodowy, ale jednocześnie dość ryzykowny. Ryzyko to wynika najczęściej z dość krótkiej obecności tych firm na rynku oraz braku dobrej jakości zabezpieczeń spłaty kredytu. Analizując sytuację różnych grup podmiotów na rynku usług finansowych można powiedzieć, iż pozycja MSP jest raczej słaba. Wynika to z wielu czynników: gorszego dostępu do informacji, niższej ich jakości oraz niższego poziomu wiedzy merytorycznej w zakresie świadczonych usług finansowych. Jednym z wielu problemów, z którymi borykają się te przedsiębiorstwa jest utrudniony dostęp do zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania. Są one niezbędne do prowadzenia bieżącej działalności, jak również umożliwiają ich dalszy rozwój. Problem ten pogłębił od 2008 roku globalny kryzys gospodarczy i finansowy, a zwłaszcza brak zaufania m.in. pomiędzy instytucjami finansowymi i podmiotami gospodarczymi. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu globalnego kryzysu na relacje pomiędzy bankami a MSP.

EN

The sector of SMEs plays a key role in the economic development in Poland. On the other hand they belong to the group of units that is characterized with the weakest position in the market. Practice and theory show that SMEs seek for the financial means for running their activities and for investments. The problem with the financing strongly appeared in the time of the financial and economic crisis, when SMEs and entrepreneurs have suffered a double shock: a drastic plummet in demand for goods and services and the tightening in credit terms, which were ruthlessly disturbing their cash flows.

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