Maintaining beauty and youthfulness has always been and still is among the natural desires of women. A modern woman is a woman of success: independent, professionally successful, staying active for many years of her life. This activity as well as the influence of the media induce women to adapt to the existing patterns at all costs. Minimally invasive aesthetic medicine procedures help to repair beauty defects and reduce the ageing processes. They can have a positive influence on life and thinking by increasing well-being and atractiveness as well as helping to get rid of complexes. The aim of this paper is to assess the way in which the minimally invasive aesthetic medicine procedures affect the self-esteem of women and womens' perception of their own body. The study was conducted prospectively using a standardized questionnaire and diagnostic tools examining the perception of one's own body, self-esteem and emotional condition. The procedures performed most often were corrections with the use of hyaluronic acid and the most frequently declared motivation for the surgery was the need to increase sexual attractiveness that follows the first symptoms of aging processes. The undertaken analysis reveals that undergoing various forms of appearance correction has several psychical, physical and social effects. A significant majority of women that decided to undergo the treatments had high or average self-esteem initially, and its levels increased even further after the aesthetic surgery.
The article «Migrations as a factor activating family and social life of the elderly is meant to draw attention to the situation of older people especially their family and social life in a situation of migration immediate family. Contemporary migrations gainful employment also brings new challenges for older people - parents or grandparents. In the case of separation of families frequent their roles are intensified. Examples of research migrant families show older people how to effectively fulfill their role of caring, etc., And are «over active». In the case of migration of active seniors in Poland can be an example not only for the young. Often at the expense of their own health, passions, interests, helping children to migration. The measures taken for the elderly and their social activation of older people in a situation of migration in Poland should be a challenge not only for social policy but society as a whole faced by demographic and economic challenged.
Although LinkedIn is the world’s largest professional networking site, the research concerning self-presentation on the platform is limited and fragmented. The main goal of the study was to explore the self-presentation of Polish football managers on LinkedIn in four dimensions: completeness and attractiveness of the profile, network-embeddedness, and activity. Using quantitative content analysis of managers’ profiles (N=319), the research shows that the managers exploit the potential of LinkedIn to build their personal professional brand only in a very limited and mostly static way. In addition, the self-presentation in LinkedIn is the best among managers working in Polish Football Association, improves with the length of professional experience, and shows only slight differences between women and men.
Self-presentation accompanies us throughout our lives. It is an important factor influencing our interactions with people, able to strengthen our identity and self-esteem or, on the contrary, underlie social fear. Analysing written genres present at school, the author concludes that self-presentation is a category which does not exhaust the notion of genre. He tries to demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish the category of self-presentation gene and, on its basis, the genotype of self-presentation genre at school in the context of genre model and self-presenting textual competence. From this point of view work on self-presentation is an important element of anthropocentric teaching.
The paper focuses on the manner people active within the Committee for the Defence of Democracy present their protests. The author analyses the way the protests’ image presented by the interviewees is built, as well as the sources of its form and content. The aim is to identify the applications of discursive strategies used in the positive self- and the negative other presentation. As it is shown, in the process of discursive construction of the protests, the ‘us’ and ‘them’ dichotomy, and the specific rules that form the basis for the functioning of the public sphere in Poland are applied. Hence, the distinctions are created with nominations (metaphors, naturalising), predications (positive, negative traits) and representations (examples) referring to the figures of civilised and uncivilised men present in the Polish public discourse. Thus, the analysed presentation of the protests can be interpreted as inscribed in the binary structure of civic discourse.
The way companies communicate with stakeholders is, among others, sharing of annual reports containing information on the corporate’s performance. The companies can present financial and non-financial information in a way that will serve their interests, using a variety of narratives. The aim of the study is to present the issues of impression management in the company’s financial reporting and the management strategies used to create the desired image. The method used was an analysis of available literature. The authors were primarily interested in the published research on: (1) the relationship between the following concepts: impression, image, reputation, self-presentation (2) impression management essence (3) impression management strategy in external reporting (4) directions of impression management usage in accounting and reporting. The study is a theoretical basis for further research covering the conduct of Polish companies in the context described.
Technological developments and the broad availability of the Internet provide constant access to social media for users. These platforms are used to communicate with friends as well as to follow other users and brands. Also, physicians have public social media profiles on which they publish both professional and personal content. The objective of the paper is to explore and understand customers’ perception of physicians’ social media use. To obtain the purpose, a qualitative research method was adopted that involved 12 semistructured interviews with people who followed physicians’ profiles on social media. The study identifies three consumer groups: social media enthusiasts, sceptics, and those seeking authentic opinions, each with distinct attitudes toward physicians’ online presence. The findings emphasise that authenticity and consistency in personal branding are key to building trust and patient engagement. Social validation, through positive endorsements on social media, also significantly impacts consumer choices. The study highlights the need for tailored social media strategies in healthcare and suggests future research should address the ethical challenges and long-term effects of physicians’ online engagement. The research, focused on consumers’ perception of physicians’ social media presence, is novel. The results suggest directions for further research in the field of professionals’ personal branding on social media.
The article discusses satisfaction with self-presentation as the way of functioning (modus vivendi) of a magnanimous man in relation to Aristotelian ethics. Even though self-presentation is usually considered as a kind of biologically determined instinct, it may be argued that self-presentation is also an aspect of the actions of a magnanimous man. Naturalist social theories concerning moral norms are rooted in nineteenth and twentieth century psychologism, which claims that the starting point for reflection on the nature of social morality are the psychical characteristics of individuals. One example of psychologism is the concept of Sorokin who compares two basic mentalities determining culture: sensate and ideational. On the other hand, there are theories in the current of normative naturalism which postulate a reduction of ethical values to certain biological – mostly psychological – properties or states. This current includes Portmann’s theory referring to the instinct of self-presentation discussed in this article. Portman’s reflections are confirmed by the cultural concept of homo ludens proposed by Huizinga. Self-presentation may be considered not only as a biologically determined instinct on the grounds of normative naturalism, but also on the grounds of realist ethics as a value in itself, non-reducible to any particular biological facts. It is in the perspective of Aristotle’s ethics of virtue that self-presentation becomes an expression of the actions of a magnanimous man correlated with ethical value, as it recognizes satisfaction with self-presentation as a state that depends on the success of human activity. This explains why it is satisfaction, or pleasure, or happiness that can be reasonably regarded as the goal of human life. Satisfaction is an emotion that accompanies the achievement of perfection in various forms of human activity. However, satisfaction, pleasure, or happiness are not, in this context, a criterion that determines our behavior, for satisfaction alone is not a reason to perform a particular type of activity. What one finds satisfaction in depends primarily on the virtues one possesses. This is why self-presentation becomes an ethical value only in the case of a magnanimous man, one of an ideational mentality; in the case of a proud man, one of a sensate mentality, self-presentation proves to be an anti-value. An embodiment of this latter attitude in modern liberal democracy is Ortega y Gasset’s arrogant mass-man, as well as the mass-man engulfed in apathy described by Sloterdijk.
Poczucie humoru jest cechą pożądaną zarówno w związkach romantycznych, jak i przyjacielskich a ludzie komunikują swoje poczucie humoru poprzez opowiadanie żartów. Istnieją jednak różnice płciowe w żartowaniu, gdyż mężczyźni opowiadają dowcipy częściej niż kobiety. Korzyści jakie mężczyźni czerpią z żartów wiążą się z takimi podstawowymi motywami społecznymi, jak poszukiwanie i utrzymywanie partnera, przynależność do grupy i zwiększanie bezpieczeństwa. Mniej wiadomo jednak na temat relacji między skłonnością do opowiadania dowcipów a ogólnymi stylami autoprezentacji, czyli taktycznymi sposobami zachowania, które mogą być wykorzystywane w różnych interakcjach społecznych. W naszym badaniu (N = 139 polskich mężczyzn w wieku od 18 do 60 lat [średnia = 29,94, odchylenie standardowe = 11,66]) chcieliśmy zbadać powiązania między stylami autoprezentacji (autopromocją i autoprezentacją), stylami humory (afiliacyjnym, w służbie ego, agresywnym i samodeprecjonującym) oraz skłonnością do opowiadania dowcipów u dorosłych mężczyzn. Odkryliśmy, że mężczyźni skoncentrowani na autopromocji częściej opowiadali żarty a ich style humoru zawierały więcej aspektów afiliacyjnych i wzmacniających samego siebie. Co więcej, stosowanie przez mężczyzn humoru afiliacyjnego całkowicie zapośredniczało związek między autopromocją a tendencją do żartów. Odkryliśmy również, że mężczyźni zorientowani na autodeprecjację częściej używają samodeprecjonującego humoru, ale ich autodeprecjonujące dążenia nie korelują z ich skłonnością do żartowania. Nasze wyniki sugerują, że mężczyźni mogą opowiadać dowcipy, zwłaszcza te zawierające humor afiliacyjny, aby osiągać swoje taktyczne cele związane z autopromocją.
EN
A sense of humor is a desirable characteristic in both romantic and platonic relationships, and people communicate their sense of humor by telling jokes. However, there are sex differences in joking, so men tell jokes more often than women. Men’s benefits from joking correspond with such fundamental social motives, as mate seeking and mate retention, affiliation, and self-protection. However, less is known about the relation between tendency to tell jokes and more general styles of self-presentation, that is, tactical ways of behaving that can be used in many social interactions. In our study (N = 139 Polish men aged 18 to 60 [M = 29.94, SD = 11.66]), we wanted to examine the relationships between self-presentation styles (e.g., self-promotion and self-depreciation), humor styles (e.g., affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating), and tendency to tell jokes in adult men. We found that men focused on self-promotion produced humor more often and their humor styles contained more affiliative and self-enhancement aspects. Moreover, men's use of affiliative humor completely mediated the relationship between their self-promotion and their tendency to joke. We also found that men oriented on self-depreciation use more self-defeating humor, but their self-defeating motivation does not correlate with their tendency to joke. Our results suggest that men may tell jokes, especially those involving affiliative humor, to tactically achieve their self-promotion goals.
Starting with considerations on cover role and function, the author shows how scientific interest in covers has intensified and became profiled nowadays. At the same time, the author indicates that research emphasizes the supportive character of the cover with respect to the main text. The author notes that not all messages placed on covers serve that task. One of such elements is selected as the subject for analysis – information about series placed in popular science works – to examine how they are developed and what detailed tasks they serve. The analyses comprise different series signs (series name, mark, descriptions, information about publications included in the series) and prove they have diverse functions: (1) they indicate the series (e.g. its scope, subject) and fix it in the memory of a reader (the basic task), but also (2) increase publication attractiveness, (3) suggest to the recipient that the publisher has developed a deliberate strategy for knowledge popularisation, cares about the continuity and consistency of its actions, (4) become an element of self-promotion in marketing – they create a picture of the publishing house as an institution that serves social interest, (5) allow the readers to make assumptions about a specific publication they encounter, and offer suggestions for further reading. Analyses have also shown that publishers usually ensure that the concept of the series and series signals placed on the covers are harmonised with popular science publications and correspond to their character.
This article reviews currently available literature on the role of Instagram in political communication and reports on the results of the analysis of 1976 Instagram posts of the most active politicians during the 2019 European parliamentary election campaign in Poland. With the aid of quantitative thematic analysis and qualitative visual rhetorical analysis, we identify the main patterns of self-representation of candidates and compare the forms of visualization and typical strategies of building ethos and mobilizing the voters across parties. We prove that traditional representations of candidates (delivering speeches, canvassing, shaking hands) and national (rather than European) symbols tend to dominate. We conclude with observations on the increase in personalization of politics, professionalization of political campaigning, and strong communitarian identification.
The aim of the article is to present the way in which the Siberian Healer (Natal’ya Ivanova Stepanova), in her publications, creates her own image and, at the same time, encourages to use magic practices proposed by herself. Magic handbooks and compilations of charms written by Stepanova served as the empirical material. They were the basis to describe manipulative and persuasive linguistic activities used to affect the recipient. The most common of those activities is argumentation, which is usually described as ‘a set of actions taken to justify some view’. The healer – in order to sway recipients to her views – mainly uses the so-called fallacious arguments, such as e.g. argumentum ad populum or argumentum ad metum. She also uses specific lexical and stylistic means.
The article is a reflection on the participatory research conducted by me among the homeless living in the streets of a large city outside the system of institutional aid (2005–2008) and in the environment of homeless people staying in the hostel created within the framework of one of the associations (from 2007 to 2013). The location of these studies within the interpretative orientation ensures an opportunity to get to know the perspective of the Respondents (in this particular case – the homeless). Work on self-presentation is based on the assumption of symbolic interactionism, according to which the basis of interaction is defining the situation, proceeding through interpretation, so reading the meaning of the partner's action and definition, informing the partner about the intentions of action. Therefore, work on self-presentation is an attempt to read the meaning of a partner's activity, based on a specific way of imagining a partner, and thus – the way of treating him and the mechanisms accompanying work on self-presentation.
The study attempts to uncover individual allegorical components of their individual image and partly also the collective identity of the Habsburgs with the help of emblematic manuals and interpretive dictionaries of symbols using more than a dozen preserved occasional poems compiled on the occasion of Leopold I’s marriage to Margaret Theresa in 1666. In terms of genre, this occasional poetry was mainly a diverse range of printed and manuscript epithalamia, celebratory poems (encomia or laudatia), sonnets, odes, poetic genealogies and emblems. In conceiving them, the authors of the panegyric works sought inspiration in the biblical tradition and, above all, in the ancient heritage of Greek and Roman myths, which they ingeniously placed in the current cultural and political contexts.
The Lemkos are an antagonized internally ethnic minority. The beginning of the division dates back to midnineteenth century, when almost simultaneously began to form the Ukrainian national identity and the Lemko separatism. It is also explicitly on the basis of the Lemko organizations created on the wave of democratic changes in Poland. Using of virtual ethnography methodology to analyze the content of websites of three of them: the Lemko Association, the Lemkos Federation and the Association of Ruska Bursa in Gorlice enables to capture significant, not shown explicitly, the differences in outlook, orientation of identity, construction of arguments, embarking strategy, the language used to simultaneous reference to the common universe – the Lemko Land. The Lemko Federation promoting Ukrainian national identity and the Lemko identity is recognized in terms of the regional identity. Two other one associate people with Lemko identity, emphasizing membership to the group of Carpatho-Rusyns. In their e-transmission they show a background of internal conflicts, formulate evaluative judgments and reveal strong emotions.
The authors describe a development of the Czech version of the Over-claiming Questionnaire (OCQ) in relation to the work of Delroy Paulhus. First of all, the authors created the longer version (OCQ-150) and subsequently the shortened version (OCQ-100), which contains 100 items in 10 knowledge-based categories. Each category includes 8 items, which exist and 2 items, which do not exist. By the calculation of the accuracy index and the bias index we can get information about how much a proband has a tendency to distinguish real concepts from the unreal concepts and how much tendency a proband has to accept the concept or reject it. The test confirmed the ability to differentiate between the participants of selection procedure, who have a high motivation for good performance and those from general population without such a motivation. The authors recommend a further use of OCQ-100 for research, especially in the area of selection procedures.
CS
Autoři popisují vznik české verze Dotazníku přehánění vlastních znalostí (OCQ) v návaznosti na práci Delroye Paulhuse. Autoři vytvořili nejprve delší verzi (OCQ-150) a posléze zkrácenou verzi (OCQ-100), která obsahuje 100 položek v 10 znalostních kategoriích. Každá kategorie zahrnuje 8 položek existujících a 2 položky neexistující. Výpočtem indexu přesnosti a zaujatosti lze získat informaci, jakou má proband schopnost odlišovat reálné pojmy od nereálných, a nakolik má tendenci pojem akceptovat či jej odmítat. Test potvrdil schopnost diferencovat mezi účastníky výběrového řízení s vysokou motivací k dobrému výkonu a osobami z běžné populace bez takové motivace. Autoři doporučují další využití OCQ-100 pro výzkum především v oblasti výběrových řízení.
The author of this article conducted a representative survey (N=1081) to examine the signs of non-clinical narcissism in professional life, human relations, and self-control. He found that people with narcissistic characteristics more often occupy socio-professional positions that place high demands on self-presentation, which means on appearance and demeanour. People with narcissistic characteristics also tend to seek out such professions more often. The interest in obtaining jobs that place high demands on self-presentation is more strongly associated with non-clinical narcissism than with whether or not the individual currently occupies such a position. Respondents with narcissistic characteristics also more often profess better chances of succeeding in such a position. People with narcissistic characteristics typically communicate on two typical levels: ego-confirmative and negotiative. Narcissistic types generally use communication primarily as a means of presenting their idealised Self (ego-confirmative level). However, when respondents who scored as narcissists in the test enter an interaction from which only one side can profit (negotiative comunication), they defend only their own interests and pay little attention to the needs of others. Narcissistic types also exhibit a higher level of self-control, which some criminologists associate with delinquency.
The Lemkos are an antagonized internally ethnic minority. The beginning of the division dates back to midnineteenth century, when almost simultaneously began to form the Ukrainian national identity and the Lemko separatism. It is also explicitly on the basis of the Lemko organizations created on the wave of democratic changes in Poland. Using of virtual ethnography methodology to analyze the content of websites of three of them: the Lemko Association, the Lemkos Federation and the Association of Ruska Bursa in Gorlice enables to capture significant, not shown explicitly, the differences in outlook, orientation of identity, construction of arguments, embarking strategy, the language used to simultaneous reference to the common universe – the Lemko Land. The Lemko Federation promoting Ukrainian national identity and the Lemko identity is recognized in terms of the regional identity. Two other one associate people with Lemko identity, emphasizing membership to the group of Carpatho-Rusyns. In their e-transmission they show a background of internal conflicts, formulate evaluative judgments and reveal strong emotions.
The aim of this article is to present the primary types of autothematic media information and its non-informative functions as well as the objects and methods of linguistic valuation in the messages. Information about the reception of a media offering, information about rewards and successes of a medium, information about non-media undertakings of media broadcasters, and information about an offering were distinguished based on content analysis. By means of a semantic and pragmatic analysis of the expressions used, it was ascertained that the media broadcaster itself is rarely the object of valuation, whereas the events organised by the medium, messages included in its offering, the invited guests and recipients are eagerly granted positive valuations. The overarching value is the positive relationship between the medium and others, the valuation is normally overt and intensive, and the examined messages perform various kinds of promotional tasks.
This paper underscores that knowledge, skills and attitudes that enhance our flexibility, creativity and vulnerability to change are of great importance. What is especially important when searching for a job, keeping the job and striving towards professional development are the conjoined abilities of good self-evaluation and self-presentation. Knowing oneself and one's abilities (their proper presentation) influences the accuracy of educational and professional decisions, the result of recruitment and selection, the quality of performance at work and finally – it lets employees develop their potential. The purpose of this paper is also to elaborate on employees' recruitment, especially at the background of innovative methods aimed at hiring the best of the bests.
PL
W prezentowanym tekście podkreśla się, iż dzisiaj istotne znaczenie mają wiedza, umiejętności i postawy, które sprzyjają naszej elastyczności, kreatywności oraz podatności na zmianę. Szczególnie ważne w zdobywaniu zatrudnienia, a następnie jego utrzymaniu, a także ciągłym rozwoju zawodowym są ściśle powiązane ze sobą umiejętności: dokonania właściwej samooceny oraz autoprezentacji. Dobra znajomość siebie i swoich możliwości (właściwa ich prezentacja) wpływa na poprawność podejmowanych decyzji edukacyjnych i zawodowych, efekt procesu rekrutacji i selekcji, jakość wykonywanej pracy, pozwala też skutecznie rozwijać potencjał tkwiący w pracownikach. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest również poruszenie tematu rekrutacji pracowniczych, zwłaszcza zwrócenie uwagi na innowacyjne metody służące pozyskiwaniu jak najlepszych kandydatów do pracy.
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