Search results - CEJSH

1

Moral Responsibility for Natural Disasters

100%

Dranseika V.

Human Affairs

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2015

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vol. 26

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issue 1

73-79

EN

My aim in this paper is to explore the idea of human moral responsibility for (the outcomes) of natural disasters. First, I discuss the claim that there is often a human causal contribution to negative outcomes of even such paradigmatic natural disasters as earthquakes, typhoons, and volcano eruptions. Second, I attempt to move away from discussions attributing human causal responsibility to discussions attributing human moral responsibility for such outcomes (and to the obstacles to such attributions). I suggest that in most (perhaps even all) cases of moral responsibility for the outcomes of natural disasters moral responsibility is grounded in culpable negligence, including culpable failure to prevent the side-effects of our actions or omissions.

2

Causality between foreign direct investment in the automotive sector and export performance of Macedonian economy

100%

Damoska Sekuloska J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 3

427-443

EN

Research background: Foreign direct investment is perceived as a valuable tool for economic growth. The growth could be realized more or less as a set of benefits depending on the FDIs features. In the period from 2009 to 2016 a remarkable increase in the share of FDIs inflow in automotive sector in Macedonian economy was noticed, from 2.8% to 14.1%. Thus, there seem to be good reasons to examine the issue of how the increased FDI inflow expressed through the remarkable in-crease of FDIs inflow in the automotive sector. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to analyze the causality between the increased FDIs inflow in the automotive industry and a remarkable export growth. The research interest of the study is to recognize the importance of the FDIs inflow structure as a determinant of the export structure. Methods: Within the paper a model is developed that identifies the FDIs as a factor of growth of the export performances. A regression analysis is used to examine the correlation between the FDIs inflow and export. In order to examine causality, the Granger causality test is applied between the FDIs inflow and increased export. Findings & Value added: The results suggest that FDIs create a good basis for quantitative and qualitative shift in the export structure of the Macedonian economy. The paper associates growth of sectoral export with the growth of FDIs in that sector. Due to the increased FDI inflow in the automotive industry, this sector has significantly increased its share in the total Macedonian export. The paper indicates that FDIs can be considered as a way of engagement in the global supplying chains, which additionally influences positively the competitiveness and export performance of the host suppliers.

3

The reaction of the WIG stock market index to changes in the interest rates on bank deposits

100%

PRZEKOTA G., SZCZEPAŃSKA-PRZEKOTA A.

Operations Research and Decisions

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2010

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vol. 20

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issue 1

97-110

EN

Determination of the relationship between the money market and capital market is particularly important from the point of view of taking a decision on the location of investment capital. It may help to forecast future states. This study seeks to determine the relationship of the interest rate on deposits in zloty with the WIG stock index and the volume of turnover on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Analysis of correlation and VAR models are used. Analysis of long-term correlation indicates a negative relationship between the interest rate on deposits in banks and the value of the WIG stock-index. However, this may be spurious. The dependence between these variables may be more complex and should rather be seen as short term. It seems that in general the impact of an increase in interest rates on the value of the WIG index is negative in the short term, just as in the long term. In addition, in the short term these variables can move in the same direction. The results obtained in the research are consistent with results obtained for other national markets. This applies in particular to the relatively weak, negative correlation described above.

4

Context and Animacy Play a Role in Dynamic Decision-Making

100%

Osman M., Ananiadis-Basias A.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2013

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vol. 9

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issue 2

61-78

EN

Perception, judgment, and reasoning are all processes that are sensitive to cues to animacy (i.e. the presence of signals that indicate an object behaves as if it has intentions and internal goals). The present study investigated the following question: Does animacy facilitate decision-making in a dynamic control system? To address this, the present study used a dynamic decision-making task and compared behavior in four different contexts (Abstract, Animate-Social, Inanimate-Social, Inanimate-Non-social). Participants were randomly allocated to one of these contexts, and in each version they were required to learn to manipulate variables in order to bring the dynamic system to a desirable state and maintain it at that level. The findings suggest that it is not animacy per se that facilitates decision-making behavior, but rather the presence of a context. However, animacy made an impact on the type of strategic behavior implemented when interacting with the dynamic system. We argue that context induces general beliefs about causal relationships in dynamic environments that generalize across animate as well as inanimate contexts.

5

Indeterministic Temporal Logic

100%

Trzęsicki K.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2015

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vol. 42

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issue 1

139-162

EN

The questions od determinism, causality, and freedom have been the main philosophical problems debated since the beginning of temporal logic. The issue of the logical value of sentences about the future was stated by Aristotle in the famous tomorrow sea-battle passage. The question has inspired Łukasiewicz’s idea of many-valued logics and was a motive of A. N. Prior’s considerations about the logic of tenses. In the scheme of temporal logic there are different solutions to the problem. In the paper we consider indeterministic temporal logic based on the idea of temporal worlds and the relation of accessibility between them.

6

Speed, human reality, and the ribovirocell concept of human existence in the COVID19 and post-COVID19 space-time Ribovirocell and resilience to COVID19

100%

Iheanetu C., Tamášová V., Tandlich R.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2024

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vol. 15

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issue 29

38-61

EN

In this follow up paper, the ribovirocell concept from the first part of the study is linked to the ontological realm of human reality before, during and in the aftermath of COVID19. During this fluid space-time, human reality is multi-faceted and often very complicated. The authors present a division of the reality into fundamental reality and situational reality. Fundamental reality is based on the (physical) laws of nature such as the speed of light as a fundamental physical constant. This reality spans beyond the course of time as perceived by humans, which is beyond the duration of a single or multiple human lifespans and beyond the duration of the COIVD19 pandemic. Next to fundamental reality and overlapping with it, exists the situational reality, which humans experience directly themselves during their lifetime(s). Actions of humanity and of individual human beings contribute to the shaping of the situational reality. Examples of the situational reality can be e.g. experiencing atrocities that humanity has committed, humanity’s actions to prevent such atrocities in the future, as well as human progress in eliminating poverty/inequality in the world. At least, some aspects of human lives take place at the boundary between the fundamental and situational reality. The COVID19 pandemic is linked to the concepts and the boundary between the fundamental and situational reality that human’s experiences, such as speed of pandemic impact and shifting nature of reality. The ribovirocell state of one’s self is linked to the way to apply the speed as a threshold concept for resilience in the coronavirus space-time and the post-COVID19 world

7

Existence

100%

Skorupski J.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2013

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issue 24

5-16

XX

The question what really—ultimately, basically, and so forth—exists remains a fundamental question of philosophy. It is also, however, a prime example of how misleading it can be to try to answer a philosophical question without first taking pains to clarify it. In this case, clarification has turned out to be difficult and controversial, which leads to a meta-question: Is this apparently fundamental question—the ontological question—also a pseudo-question, a question that should be dissolved rather than solved? This paper answers for an answer that is somewhat Meinongian.

8

On the Relation Between Health and Income: A Cross-Country Analysis

100%

Kobylinski K., Tyrowicz J.

Central European Economic Journal

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2018

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vol. 5

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issue 52

EN

An examination of the correlation between health and wealth cannot determine the direction of causality between the two. Countries’ geographic characteristics have an important effect on health, and they are plausibly uncorrelated with other determinants of wealth. This paper uses two climate variables – population-weighted temperature and precipitation – to obtain instrumental variables estimates of the effect of health on wealth.

9

O źródłach teorii przyczynowania celowego w tomizmie konsekwentnym

100%

Szczepkowska W.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2008

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vol. 6

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issue 1

517-532

10

Using of the VAR Model in Analysis of Interest Rates Relationship in Poland

100%

Rembeza J., Przekota G.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2009

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vol. 228

PL

W opracowaniu analizowano powiązania pomiędzy dziennymi, miesięcznymi, rocznymi i pięcioletnimi stopami procentowymi w Polsce. W analizie wykorzystano modele VAR, funkcje odpowiedzi na impuls oraz dekompozycję wariancji. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że dominuje oddziaływanie stóp długookresowych na stopy krótkookresowe. Taki charakter powiązań wskazuje na występowanie zwrotnej, wzmocnionej reakcji stóp procentowych.

EN

In this research it is examined the relationship between daily, monthly, yearly and 5-yearly interest rates in Poland. VAR model was used in analyze, the impulse response function and variance decomposition. These results indicate that there is influence of long-term interest rates on short-term rates. Such a relationship indicates the presence of feedback, an enhanced response rates.

11

Comparison of two types of topological networks for the foreign exchange market: one based on correlation coefficients and the other on the concept of causality

100%

Landmesser-Rusek J.

Statistics in Transition new series

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2026

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vol. 27

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issue 2

185-204

EN

Topological networks make it possible to recognize structural properties of the currency market. Such networks can be constructed on the basis of the values of correlation coefficients between currency pairs, and the popular minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm allows an understanding of significant relationships on the market. An alternative measure of distance, based on the concept of causality for time series, makes it possible to measure not only the strength of relationships between currency pairs but also the directionality of these relationships. There is even an equivalent of MST on a directed graph - minimum-cost arborescence (MCA). The purpose of this study is to compare correlation and causality networks built for the foreign exchange market. The networks were constructed in a stepwise manner for the most important world currencies in the period from 3rd Jan. 2020 to 18th Oct. 2024. The comparison was carried out using certain topological characteristics of the networks, such as density, average distance, diameter, centralization index and degrees of vertices. The study details the properties of both approaches.

12

Causality in western and eastern philosophies

88%

Teuchmann R.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2020

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vol. 48

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issue 4

5-28

EN

The general outline of the issue of causality in Western and Eastern philosophies shows that any concept of causality has always depended on the way of understanding reality. In classical European metaphysics, causes explained the existence of being, but from the time of Galileo this concept came to be used only to explain phenomena and events taking place in the experienced world. Eventually, the concept of a cause became more and more restricted, and even discredited. But there are also attempts to rehabilitate the importance of causation, especially in the research of those who try to refer to classical metaphysics. Of course, we cannot forget phenomenological research, in which causality belongs to the system of the constituted, intentional world and makes sense only within it. This dependence of the known object on the subject of knowledge is particularly evident in the philosophy of the East, mainly in the philosophy of India. All the disputes within this tradition have concerned the question whether the effect preexists within the cause or not. Accordingly, two opposing views have formed: satkāryavāda and asatkāryavāda. The first one (satkāryavāda) represents Sankya and Advaita Vedanta, the second (asatkāryavāda) – the system of Nyaya.

13

Oko i Skarbiec Prawdziwego Prawa, zwój siódmy: Głęboka wiara w przyczynę-i-skutek

88%

Kigen D., Kanert M.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 1

157-165

EN

Źródło przekładu: Kawamura Kōdō (Red. i przyp.). Dōgen zenji zenshū, dai 2 kan. Tōkyō: Shunjūsha.

14

Ludwik Silberstein o przyczynowości w przyrodzie

88%

Flin P., Stępień A.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2011

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issue 49

138-148

PL

In this paper we present the opinions of Ludwik Silberstein (1872-1948) on the question of causality in the scientiﬁc investigations. The discussion is based on the examples taken from physics and astronomy. Silberstein is convinced that the principle of causality is an important heuristic law, a diﬀerent kind of law of nature (as, for example, Kepler’s laws or Ohm’s law).

15

La causalité, l'argumentation et les connecteurs

88%

Pešek O.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2011

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vol. 21

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issue 1

1-13

EN

The paper deals with the relation between argumentation and causality. After having defined causality (referring to D. Hume) and its language representation, we distinguish three types of argumentative discourse articulated by an argument-introducing connective (parce que, puisque, car, en effet etc.), i.e. argument for the utterance content, argument for the illocutionary act and argument for the act of enunciation. Afterwards, we examine the relation between argument and conclusion in these three types of discourse from the point of view of causality. We show that causality operates as a principle which the argumentation is based on only in the case of truth-conditional acts. We try to explain some restrictions concerning the distribution of the causally related entities which are observed.

16

Zwyczajni niezwyczajni. Codzienność superbohaterów w komiksach spod znaku Ultimate Marvel

88%

Wolski M.

Załącznik Kulturoznawczy

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2023

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vol. 10

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issue 10

161-177

EN

At the beginning of the 21st century, American superhero comics underwent far-reaching artistic, stylistic, and thematic transformations caused by the need to attract new readers and rebuild the weakened market position after the crisis of the 1990s. This is evident, especially in the case of the Ultimate Marvel imprint, which was supposed to have an above-average artistic value and modernize the stories of classic Marvel superheroes. In addition to a number of narrative measures (updated settings, deconstruction of the superhero morality, film framing, etc.), a lot of space was devoted to showing the quotidian life of superheroes, understood both as the need to lead a double life (Spider-Man) and act for the benefit of the society (X-Men, Ultimates). The writers, including Brian Michael Bendis, Mark Millar, and Brian K. Vaughn, also paid a lot of attention to the social consequences of superhero presence. The paper analyzes the forms of presenting the everyday life of Ultimate Marvel superheroes as well as attempts to determine whether such procedures serve to deconstruct or strengthen superhero narratives.

17

Badanie zależności pomiędzy handlem zagranicznym a PKB z wykorzystaniem modelu VAR oraz przyczynowości Grangera

88%

Pisarski M.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

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2013

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issue 4(42)

103-116

EN

The main goal of this paper is to examine relationships between GDP and inter-national trade (exports and imports). Foreign trade channels which can affect national in-come have been listed and the impact of trade on GDP was described. Differences between a closed and an open economy are shown. The autoregression vector (VAR) model was used as well as Granger causality test. Quarterly dataset for the USA, the period from 1997:Q1 to 2013:Q3 was used. The results of Granger causality test led us to the conclusion that export causes GDP and also GDP and import affect each other (in Granger causality).

18

Causal Analysis Between Liquidity and Profitability: Is There Any Difference Between Public and Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh?

88%

Islam Q. B. T.

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

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2020

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issue 2(14)

38-46

EN

This paper analyzes the causal relationship between liquidity and profitability for public and private commercial banks in Bangladesh. The augmented Dickey-Fuller test of stationarity is carried out first. As they are found to be integrated of the same order, the Engle-Granger test of cointegration is applied. Finally, the Granger causality test is applied to check if there is any causal relationship between liquidity and profitability for public and private commercial banks in Bangladesh from 2001 to 2019. Another aim of the paper is to see if there is any difference in the causal relationship between these two bank typologies. The results show that there is unidirectional causality from profitability to liquidity for public banks while no causal relationship is evident for private commercial banks in Bangladesh. The findings further confirm that different bank typologies behave differently in Bangladesh and hence policy makers should keep this in mind during policy formulation.

19

Long-term relationship of KGHM share prices and the market value of high grade copper

88%

Zbyrowski R.

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

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2023

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issue 2(20)

51-62

EN

The aim of the article is to try to explain the long-term price volatility of KGHM shares. Therefore the paper presents the relationship between KGHM stock prices and High Grade copper prices. The empirical part of the paper uses econometric cointegration analysis. Based on the estimated models, the thesis of the existence of a long-run relationship between the studied variables was confi rmed. Within the framework of econometric analyses, Johansen and Engle- Granger procedures and the Granger test of causality were applied. The study was conducted using monthly data covering quotes from August 2012 to April 2021. In the end, both modeling procedures used led the researcher to convergent conclusions. Moreover very similar values of long-run equilibrium parameter estimates were obtained for both methods. Thus, on the basis, it is necessary to confi rm the main hypothesis formulated at the beginning of the study, that is, in the case of a company operating within the KGHM Polska Miedź mining industry, the quotation of its shares is long-term dependent on the quotation of HG copper prices.

20

The minimum wage in Poland and its connection to unemployment: Evaluating causality

88%

Sikora A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

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2021

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vol. 50

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issue 2

65-77

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena zależności między wynagrodzeniem minimalnym, zatrudnieniem i bezrobociem w Polsce. Przedstawiono przegląd teoretycznych aspektów płacy minimalnej, głównych motywacji za jej stosowaniem, a także potencjalnych negatywnych konsekwencji. Płaca minimalna w Polsce zostaje przedstawiona na tle innych krajów Unii Europejskiej. Wykorzystując metodę Toda-Yamamoto oraz dane kwartalne GUS i ILOSTAT obejmujące lata 2002–2019, zbadano przyczynowość Grangera między indeksem Kaitza a wybranymi wskaźnikami rynku pracy. Wyniki wskazują na istnienie jednokierunkowej przyczynowości Grangera między wskaźnikiem Kaitza a ogólną stopą bezrobocia. Nie wykryto podobnych zależności w przypadku pozostałych badanych wskaźników, w tym między innymi stopy zatrudnienia i stopy bezrobocia wśród osób młodych.

EN

The paper’s primary goal is the evaluation of the relationship between minimum wage, employment, and unemployment in Poland in the past two decades. It presents an overview of theoretical aspects of minimum wages, the main motivations behind its implementation, as well as potential negative consequences. The minimum wage in Poland is presented in comparison to other European Union countries. Finally, using a Toda-Yamamoto approach and quarterly data covering the years 2002–2019, the Granger causality between the Kaitz index and selected labour market indicators is examined. The results indicate the presence of unidirectional Granger causality between the Kaitz index and the general unemployment rate. It does not indicate similar relationships for other examined indicators, including employment rate and youth unemployment rate.

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