Search results - CEJSH

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Wolni czy zmanipulowani? Odbiorcy reklam w XXI wieku. Studium psychologii wpływu społecznego

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Stradomska M.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2016

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issue 3(16)

99-107

EN

In the twenty-first century issue related to freedom, manipulation and advertising is an integral aspect of everyday life in society. The concept of freedom is very difficult to interpret. The literature is considered an interdisciplinary approach, therefore, is associated with many areas of psychology, philosophy, law or economics. Almost every step we meet with advertising, through which companies and institutions promote their products in a variety of ways. However, if consumers perceive them as objects or subjective? Often society is manipulated, lied to and misled by the use of various techniques of advertising on television, radio or the Internet. In view of the above, if society feel free? Is such behavior on the part of enterprises are ethical and lead to a balanced functioning of the civilization of the twenty-first century?

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Cultural Adaptation, Manipulation and Creativity in Translation

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Bołtuć M. I.

Acta Neophilologica

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2021

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vol. XXIII/1

229-238

EN

This article not only discusses the concept of translation from the point of view of manipulation, creativity, and cultural adaptation, but it also provides examples of translations or adaptations in English and in Polish. I compare various definitions of manipulation, and conclude that manipulation seems to be the defining feature of translation, especially in the case of texts that do not require lexical precision and in which the choice of vocabulary may be, to a certain extent, random. In addition, manipulation should not be analyzed without reference to wider ideological and socio-cultural contexts in which it takes place. At the word level, however, manipulation often takes the form of simple, conscious or not, lexical substitutions meant to produce a faithful translation.

3

A MOTIVATION FOR MAPPING THE OTHERS' INNER WORLD. SPONTANEOUS MENTALIZATION AND MACHIAVELLIANISM

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Esperger Z., Bereczkei T.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2011

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vol. 66

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issue 3

487-506

EN

Theory of mind, through which we can assess the others’ mental states and predict their behaviour, is a crucial cognitive device in the social interactions of our everyday life. In the former studies mindreading has been primarily regarded as a cognitive ability. In our study, we rather emphasize a motivational approach, and use the term ‘spontaneous mentalization’. It means that in our social interactions we strive for assessing the other people’s thoughts and goals, and we are motivated to set up hypotheses about their mental states. As a reaction to the former unsuccessful studies on the relationship between theory of mind and Machiavellianism, we assumed that spontaneous mentalization as a kind of motivation, rather than theory of mind as an ability, is associated with Machiavellianism. For measuring spontaneous mentalization, we created a stimuli material of photographs, and asked the subjects to report their impressions about the scenes on these pictures. Their answers were decoded by a special method of content analysis. The individual differences of Machiavellianism were measured by the Mach-IV test. We found profound individual differences in spontaneous mentalization, and these differences were positively correlated with scores of Machiavellianism. This result could be interpreted that those persons who have a higher capacity for mapping the other people’s mental states would be more successful in misleading and cheating of the social partner. The successful manipulation often lies on the ability of making one step ahead of the others and striving to rapidly assess the other people’s inner world. This endeavour (spontaneous mentalization), however, does not necessarily relate to the mindreading capacity itself; only future studies would clarify if they result from different psychological mechanisms, and how they influence each other’s development.

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Historical politics as a tool of the ideological justification of Russian neo-imperialism

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Lytvynenko O.

Journal of Geography, Politics and Society

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2022

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vol. 12

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issue S1

23-33

EN

A number of modern Russian political discourse provisions which consist of tendentious interpretations of Russian and Ukrainian history and which result in frank and systematic manipulation of historical memory have been analyzed. Their goals are to justify Russia’s aggressive policy towards Ukraine to prove and legalize the right to decide the fate of the Ukrainian people and to determine the vectors of the Ukrainian foreign policy. At the same time, they are aimed at discrediting the Ukrainian government and delegitimizing Ukrainian statehood as well as ultimately distorting and leveling Ukrainian national identity. The outdated concept of Ancient Rus as the cradle of “three brotherly peoples”, i.e. Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, or its more archaic version about the existence of a single Russian nation, whose branches are actually Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, is used. A component of this concept is the idea of Russia being the direct and sole legal heir of Ancient Rus, whose historical mission was and remains the gathering of ancient Russian lands, which include the lands of Ukraine and Belarus. Accordingly, the separate existence of the Ukrainian people, and hence their right to state independence, is either denied altogether or conditionally recognized, if they maintain inseparable ties with Russia and renounce the Western vector of foreign policy. Modern Ukraine is considered by the Russian authorities and the political establishment as “anti-Russia”, which has no right to exist. Attempts to apply the tools of the historical politics of the Russian Federation. In particular, it concerns historical education and memorial practices in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of the Donbas, where the territory temporarily is not controlled by Ukraine. These territories are also considered a model for similar measures used on temporarily occupied territories during the 2022 war.

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Pathos und Superlative in der „Krakauer Zeitung“ als Mittel nationalsozialistischer Propaganda 1939–1945

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Lis R.

Językoznawstwo

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2016

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vol. 10

149-153

EN

In the article, we analyse the language of Nazi propaganda in selected 1939–1945 issues of „KrakauerZeitung”, the daily published in Cracow-based General Government (pol. Generalne Gubernatorstwo) and meant to be one of the most important instruments of the Nazi manipulation among the Polish population. Specifically, the attempts are made to identify and reconstruct some of the intended propaganda objectives behind selected linguistic expressions, with pathos and pride in focus.

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Hassrede im Netz: Zur Macht von Fake News im aktuellen Flüchtlingsdiskurs

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Jakosz M.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

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issue 18

181-198

EN

Fake news is false, manipulative information that spreads rapidly on the Internet, especially on social networking sites. It mainly deals with controversial topics, such as escape or migration. It is because of such false information treated by its recipients as true that refugees are suspected of, among other things, violence, thefts or obtaining additional benefits from the receiving community. The article discusses selected fake news about refugees in order to show how easy it is to be manipulated on the Internet. The main aim of fake news is to arouse negative emotions in recipients and to incite them to feel hatred and to be violent towards refugees.

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Problem manipulacji dziećmi i młodzieżą w procesie wychowania na podstawie uwag A.S. Kaufmana

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Strzyżyński P. S.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

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2012

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issue 26

309-319

EN

The article presents the ethical conditions of an approved manipulation in the concept of A.S. Kaufman. The concept is a foundation for the question of the existence of educational manipulation. One of the points of the article is the observation that in the upbringing and education manipulation is done to the pupils. This paper presents a proposal of ethically justified manipulation of pupils. One of the conditions is, for example, that the person manipulating must treat pupils as the target, rather than the agent.Keywords

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„Kinematografia dla milionów”. Obraz wspólnoty w komediach muzycznych Grigorija Aleksandrowa

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Flig M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2013

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issue 4(26)

517-531

EN

Grigorii Aleksandrov’s films created with composer Isaak Dunaevskii were among the most popular of Russian cinema in the 1930s and 1940s. The first Aleksandrov’s film Happy Guys centered on the poetic of comedy as ideology or entertainment. In the article author describes the strategies of manipulation. The Soviet musical incorporated Stalinist ideology and nationalism. The patriotic language in soviet comedies is naturalized, it seems like songs in films were more about nature than politics, patriotic love and life‑affirming laughter. Aleksandrov used archetypes and myths of the Stalin era and produced image of mythical soviet community. The maternal archetype is present in fertility imagery and is spatially encoded as “Rodina” (“homeland” or “motherland”). He put an end to the 1920s cult of ugliness in Soviet cinema and convinced Stalin, that beauty is a necessary element of Soviet art. Aleksandrov’s films reproduced the dominant ideology and gave people what they wanted – entertainment, escape from the travails of the everyday, and hope for the better life.

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The effect of transparency on a three-cycle model of manipulative discourse

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Saeed Almaroof R. A.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

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2017

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vol. 16

EN

It is assumed that manipulative discourse can carry various types of messages on the continuum of sincerity, such as: truth, persuasion (argumentation), deception and manipulation. These different intended meanings can cause variations within the ‘transparency factor’. The transparency factor is controlled by specific social and pragmatic factors. Generally speaking, manipulative discourse is far away from transparency because it entails the use of implicit strategies and processes to achieve a final goal. The highly transparent type of discourse is the testimony where the speaker’s intention is to present truth that is supported by explicit strategies and processes. Within this continuum, there is the persuasion where the speaker’s intention is to convince the addressee without exerting any power upon the receiver. Other types, such as coercion and deception, may show a lower degree of transparency because they are used to mislead the hearer with or without the use of the social effect such as ‘power’. Accordingly, a theoretical framework which treats manipulation as a three-cycle of the meaning-making process is proposed. It is assumed that this model helps in classifying manipulative texts into different types based on the transparency factors. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical framework that can be adopted by researchers to analyze types of discourse in terms of transparency taking into consideration the speaker, the text itself and the hearer. All these factors in the three-cycle model help in shaping the degree of transparency that a text may show.

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FAKE NEWS AS A WEAPON OF PERSUASION

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PEDRINI P. P.

Society Register

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2019

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vol. 3

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issue 2

97-108

EN

Our study is qualitative research. It is a content analysis of more than 2,500 European and American posters of war propaganda identifying modern principles of persuasion and forms of discourse. The analysis of the themes demonstrates that the techniques used one hundred years ago to convince civilians to enlist had enormous potential for development to such a degree that they were adopted by modern political and commercial persuasion. Therefore, we can consider the propagandists of the Great War as modern spin doctors. The idea evolved after reading Propaganda (1928) by Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud. This is an astonishing book; it provides illuminating interpretations both for understanding of war propaganda – not just for the Great War – and for the commercial discourse of which Bernays became a promoting agent. During the Great War the propagandists used emotional and rational stratagems to convince volunteers to leave to the front. Among these, the fake news played an important role in the production of the posters that served to motivate and galvanize people to defend the ideals of the war. It was an organized disinformation action because, especially for American people, the war was very far in kilometres and in interest. Fake news has two different factors: wrong or unreasonable argumentations and false information used as premises. The success of the posters was that of moulding the agenda-setting and the opinion of citizens in order to increase the enlistment to defend the identity of the nation.

11

Affekte und Emotionen im rechtspopulistischen Diskurs

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Demčišák J.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

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issue 18

71-81

EN

The paper deals with the language and discourse of the right-wing populism and it analyzes the instrumentalization of emotions as part of the political marketing. The coding of emotional content using images and cultural symbols is primarily examined. The breadth of the emotional scale and the temporal dimension of linguistic and communicative strategies of right-wing populism should be pointed out.

12

Manipulacyjne mechanizmy współczesnej reklamy

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Zakrzewska J.

Biuletyn Edukacji Medialnej

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2012

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issue 1

38-49

EN

Manipulation in advertising has a significant impact on the assessment of the world as seen by a potential consumer. It imposes a certain picture of reality upon a specific recipient, which certainly affects one’s way of thinking and acting to become a kind of lawlessness. Above all, advertisers seek to achieve the desired aim, which is to sell their product, often without regard for the consequences of their actions. Therefore, it seems to be essential to put some fundamental questions concerning the reality created by advertisements. Firstly, it is worth considering what, in general, manipulation through advertising is, and to what extent it influences anyone who experiences it. Another issue worth pondering is the impact of subliminal techniques on the recipient’s subconsciousness, and thus the ethical dimension of such practices. The last yet certainly very important issue is the answer to the question of how children perceive the advertising message and how the manipulation it contains affects them?

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I personaggi sdoppiati in Nessuno torna indietro di Alba de Céspedes e le vicende tedesco-polacche del romanzo

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Miszalska J.

Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny

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2019

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issue 2

222-229

EN

Characters with split personalities in Nessuno torna indietro by Alba de Céspedes and the German-Polish history of the novel – This paper focuses on the Polish reception of Nessuno torna indietro, a novel by Alba de Céspedes. In Italy the novel was a bestseller between 1938 and the eighties, however it was impossible to publish it in Poland due to the fact that negotiations failed. Nevertheless, the book was translated into Polish on the basis of the German version and published in a newspaper in 1947. The presentation of the Polish history of this novel will be based on archival materials.

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Machiavellians in a School Class

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Pilch I.

The New Educational Review

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2008

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vol. 15

232-245

EN

Machiavellianism is a personality trait of which the essence is created by a specific view of the social world that is treated as a place of combat, by egocentric motivation, subjective treatment of other people and a tendency to achieve goals by means of interpersonal manipulation. This article presents the results of a few researches dedicated to the phenomenon of Machiavellianism in children and the youth, and to stressing problems and threats created by the Machiavellian pupils at school; it also suggests some ways to overcome those problems.

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Детские манипуляции во взаимодействии с родителями

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Kuzmishina T.

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2013

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vol. 9

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issue 2(21)

65-72

EN

This paper describes the manipulative behaviour of children in their relationships with parents in situations of parental demands and prohibitions. The results of research into the frequency and types of manipulation used by school children are also described.

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House of Cards i Machiavelli - Frank Underwood jako przykład współczesnego księcia

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Rożewska A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2015

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vol. 13

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issue 4

56-68

EN

The intrigue ridden series, “House of Cards” presents the story of Frank Un-derwood, a “whip” responsible for discipline in the Democratic Party. To follow his ambitious, he appears as a great strategist and diplomat, and demonstrates some unique skills. Unfortunately his actions always get positive results, which has a nega-tive impact on the realism of the series. However all the manipulative techniques used by Underwood and references to “The Prince” by Machiavelli are very authen-tic. This paper discusses the above techniques and instruments implemented by Frank. The fact that the series is very popular and received a great response from the viewers is related to its theme and the way of presenting politics. Although there are mixed reviews when it comes to the realism shown in the “House of Cards”, the viewer seemed to be convinced of a great opportunity presented to look backstage of White House politics.

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PUBLIC RELATIONS W POLITYCE. KORZYŚCI WYNIKAJĄCE Z PROCESU BUDOWANIA RELACJI ORAZ BŁĘDY W INTERPRETACJI DEFINICJI

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Tworzydło D.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 1

26-39

EN

The article presents the results of analysis exploring politicians’ and political par-ties’ reputation building processes. Due to this it contains examples of definitions which can be wrongly linked with interpretation of the term public relations – which mainly happens among politicians and some journalists. It also expands upon elements which can have positive and negative impact on reputation building processes. As an example the term manipulation is illustrated, which is very often wrongly understood and linked with professional communication. The article shows what benefits can be gained thanks to well planned and long-term public relations activities as well. One added value of this publication is communication model whose implementation during political cam-paigns can strengthen effects of tools discussed in the article

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Reguły wywierania wpływu – badanie menedżerów w organizacji

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Wysocki S.

Nauki Społeczne

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2013

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issue 1(7)

61-78

EN

The article presents theory and research concerning six rules of exerting influence such as: the rule of the reciprocity, the rule of the commitment and the consequence, the rule of social evidence of the rightness, the rule of liking and the sympathy, the rule of the authority and the rule of the unavailability. Thirteen managers from the urban transport company, one of the biggest work places in Wrocław, took part in the research. The aim of the study was to examine the managers’ knowledge of the aforementioned rules.

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Środki morfologiczne w poradnikach Natalii Iwanowny Stiepanowej (pierwsza osoba liczby mnogiej)

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Rybarczyk-Dyjewska J.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2023

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vol. 58

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza form pierwszej osoby liczby mnogiej występujących w poradnikach Natalii Iwanowny Stiepanowej. Autorka, znana także jako „uzdrowicielka syberyjska”, wykorzystuje środki morfologiczne w celach perswazyjnych, starając się przekonać czytelników, by stosowali polecane przez nią praktyki magiczne. W analizowanym materiale odnotowano przede wszystkim wypowiedzi zawierające „my inkluzywne”. Stiepanowa używa ich, by wywołać wrażenie wspólnoty doświadczeń i wartości, zaprosić czytelników do kolektywnego działania i „włączyć” do grupy znachorów, którą sama reprezentuje. W badanych poradnikach znajdują się również formy „my ekskluzywnego”, które odgrywają ważną rolę w budowaniu jej autorytetu. Z ich pomocą Natalia Iwanowna akcentuje swoje pochodzenie z Syberii oraz ścisły związek z przodkami, którzy słynęli z działalności znachorskiej i przekazali jej wiedzę magiczną. W tekście podjęto także refleksję nad specyficzną sytuacją komunikacyjną zachodzącą w interakcji „doradca–radzący się”, zwrócono też uwagę na problem z precyzyjnym zdefiniowaniem perswazji i manipulacji.

EN

The aim of the article is to present the plural forms of the first person found in Natalia Ivanovna Stepanova’s magical handbooks. The author (also known as the Siberian Healer) uses them for persuasive purposes: she tries to convince readers to use the magical practices (spells) she recommends. In the analysed material, mainly statements containing “inclusive we” are noted. Stepanova uses them to evoke a sense of community of experiences and values in her readers, as well as to invite them to joint actions and “include” them in the healers group that she represents. There are also forms of “exclusive we” in the handbooks under study. These forms play an important role in building Stepanova’s authenticity as a healer from Siberia: they help the author emphasise her close connection with her ancestors, who were famous for their healing practices and passed on their magical knowledge to her. The article also reflects on the specific communicative situation taking place in the interaction between the counsellor and the advice seeker, and highlights the problem of defining persuasion and manipulation.

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Мова i закон: контроверсiї та маніпуляцiї в українському парламентському дискурci

100%

Романюк [Romaniuk] С. S.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2015

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vol. 50

EN

Language and the law. Controversies and manipulation in Ukrainian parliamentary discourseThis article presents the linguistic resources which Ukrainian parliament members use to form the controversial communiqués. I try to find out what characteristic phrases indicate manipulation of information. Examples are selected from speeches of different political groups of the seventh convocation in the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) on 4th July 2012, when the deputies were discussing the Principles of the State Language Policy Act, passed the previous day. To describe the issue in question, I use the method of critical discourse analysis. Język i prawo. Kontrowersje i manipulacje w ukraińskim dyskursie parlamentarnymPrezentowany artykuł jest próbą ustalenia, za pomocą jakich środków językowych posłowie parlamentu ukraińskiego formułują komunikat, który można uznać za kontrowersyjny. Próbuję ustalić, jakie charakterystyczne zwroty wskazują na manipulowanie informacją. Przykłady wyekscerpowano z przemówień przedstawicieli różnych grup politycznych na posiedzeniu Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy w dniu 4 lipca 2012 roku, podczas którego posłowie dyskutowali nad przyjętą poprzedniego dnia ustawą O zasadach polityki językowej. W analizie zastosowano metodę krytycznej analizy dyskursu.

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