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Dog naming strategies in Beijing, P. R. China

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Acta onomastica
|
2021
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vol. 62
|
issue 2
419-434
EN
China has been experiencing a boom in pet ownership since the beginning of the new millennium. The notable number of dog walkers, strolling along the streets and in public parks, are an obvious sign that dogs are one of the most often sought-after companion animals. One of the first steps associated with having a dog is usually the selection of a suitable name. This paper examines how the growing phenomenon of dog breeding is reflected in the Chinese onomastic system. First, it provides the general linguistic characteristics of the dog names, i.e. describing the repeatedly occurring word-formation patterns and thematic categories of the lexical items used to create dog names, as well as addressing the issue of the motives behind the names. Second, it examines whether dog naming practices in China follow the existing conventions described in relation to other languages. The results of the analysis indicate that, unlike the situation observed in Western languages, Chinese dog names seem not only to exhibit signs of anthromorphization, but also to preserve the pre-modern practice of name selection based on the dog’s physical and mental qualities or reflecting the circumstances under which the dog came to the family, and thus represent a unique combination of earlier and modern-day dog naming practices.
CS
Od začátku nového milénia lze v Č íně pozorovat rostoucí oblibu domácích mazlíčků. Mezi nejvyhledávanější společníky patří bezesporu psi. Tento článek zkoumá, jak se rostoucí fenomén chovu psů odráží v čínském onymickém systému. V první řadě se věnuje lingvistické struktuře psích jmen, volbě lexikálních prostředků a motivaci výběru psího jména. Zároveň si klade otázku, zda se pojmenovávání psů v čínštině řídí stejnými principy, jaké byly zaznamenány v jiných jazycích. Výsledky provedeného výzkumu naznačují, že obdobně jako v západních jazycích lze i u čínských psích jmen pozorovat tendenci k antropomorfizaci. Zásadní rozdíl nicméně přestavuje skutečnost, že si zároveň do značné míry zachovávají předmoderní praxi výběru jména na základě fyzických a mentálních vlastností psa či okolností příchodu do rodiny, a představují tak jedinečnou kombinaci dvou různých pojmenovávacích zvyklost
Acta onomastica
|
2024
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vol. 65
|
issue 2
277-288
EN
The article deals with the phenomenon of popular public surveys in which participants suggest suitable names for animals in zoos. The research is based on answers from the zoos themselves and from newspaper reports. From the analysis of 1,283 suggestions for the name of a polar bear and 1,153 for the name of a giraffe, it follows that female given names were most often proposed (in both official and hypocoristic forms). This blurs the distinction between anthroponyms and zoonyms. Specific animal names were motivated primarily by the look and origin of the animals.
Acta onomastica
|
2021
|
vol. 62
|
issue 1
64-83
EN
The paper discusses the use of proper names of male cattle (Bos taurus) in the poetry collection Living Treasure (Živo blago, 1997) by Radenko Stanić. The author used the real proper names for purebred cattle in the literary text, describing oxen, cows, and other domestic animals on farms in the verses. The goal of the paper is to extract the inventory of zoonyms which are used to name male cattle, to examine the principles of the poet’s choice of zoonymic units, as well as their stylistic functions. The analysis has shown that the inventory of oxen zoonyms is comprised of: (1) traditional proper names, which are present in lexicographical sources, as well as in onomastic studies done in the field; (2) modern proper names, which originate under the influence of the urban culture, film, literature, and comics. What is noticeable is the merging of modern zoonymy into rural zoonymy. The stylistic function of proper nouns for oxen is achieved on a meaningful plan ‒ they contribute to the comic outlook on the world and partake in the linguo-cultural range of the poems.
CS
Článek se věnuje použití vlastních jmen samců tura domácího (Bos taurus) v básnické sbírce Živý poklad (1997) Radenka Staniće. Autor v literárním textu použil pro popis volů, krav a dalších hospodářských zvířat na farmě skutečná jména chovného dobytka. Cílem této studie bylo vytvořit seznam zoonym, která jsou zde použita jako jména samců hovězího dobytka, prozkoumat, podle jakých principů autor při výběru zoonymických jednotek postupoval, a také jejich stylistické funkce. Analýza ukázala, že inventář jmen použitých pro voly se skládá z: (1) tradičních vlastních jmen, která se objevují v lexikogragických zdrojích i v onomastickém výzkumu, který v dané oblasti doposud proběhl; (2) z moderních vlastních jmen, která vznikla vlivem městské kultury, filmu, literatury a komiksů. Za pozornost stojí především to, jakým způsobem se moderní zoonymie prolíná s tradiční venkovskou. Stylistické funkce vlastních jmen volů je dosaženo na významové rovině ‒ jména přispívají ke komickému pohledu na svět a k jazykověkulturnímu přesahu básní.
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of zoonyms motivated by the white colour of the animals. The material resources are cow names in dialects of Ukrainian and Polish languages. Based on the analysis, the author shows the common and the differences in the native speakers of two related languages perception of white colour shades.
Acta onomastica
|
2024
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
316-342
EN
The article endeavours to explore the names of spiders and reptiles; these exotic animals are often considered atypical and may evoke various (and sometimes strong) responses and emotions in people. The research material was gathered through a survey. The corpus of zoonyms comprises 341 names of spiders and reptiles, of which 177 are Czech and 164 are Polish. The aim of the article is to pinpoint the core trends in naming of these species, present the sources of motivation thereof, and discuss the word formation mechanisms involved. Emphasis is placed on the so-called “second, supplementary names” and the most common names of spiders and reptiles. The text does also highlight the core factors that, according to the survey, made the study participants commit to owning an exotic pet instead of, for instance, a cat or a dog. The analysis has shown that the most common naming motivations amongst the surveyed were: the colour of the body or its part (16,4%) and the generic/specific name of the animal (10%). The majority of the spider and reptile names (ca. 87%) were created through metaphorical transfer; most of the remaining cases (ca. 13%) involve word-forming modification. Naming of spiders and reptiles uses the sources analogous to the processes involved in the naming of other animals, and predominantly those involved in the naming of cats and dogs. Notably, the corpus does also contain a high quantity of personal names, both masculine and feminine.
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