Search results - CEJSH

1

The legal status of local self-government in the field of public security

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Czuryk M., Kostrubiec J.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2019

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vol. 41

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issue 1

33-47

EN

The vast array of responsibilities assigned to local self-government include also public security. This is all the more important as it must be ensured at every tier of administration, including in the regions. The local self-government, as the basic form of decentralised public administration, is situated closest to citizens and is therefore most responsive to their needs, with security needs being fundamental needs that must be addressed on a continuous basis. The jurisdiction of local and regional government bodies in the field of public security concerns many areas, but it is the local government which holds most of these responsibilities while the regional government is entrusted with less responsibility in this matter. This characteristic covers the institution of emergency states, crisis management, or issuing public order regulations.

2

Skutki prawne wejścia w życie rządowego projektu ustawy o wsparciu jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w związku z programem „Polski Ład” (druk sejmowy nr 1531)

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Gierach E.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2022

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issue 2(74)

241-246

XX

The solutions contained in the bill serve to implement the assumptions of the Polish Deal Programme, ensuring adjustment of the local self-government finance system to the challenges faced by local governments as a result of implementing the solutions of the Programme. The author points out the legislative shortcomings that can be removed at further stages of legislative proceedings.

3

Problematyczny „podatek od deszczu”. Uwagi na tle rozbieżności orzeczniczych w kwestii opłat za wody opadowe i roztopowe nakładanych na mieszkańców gmin

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Milczarek E.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2023

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issue 1(77)

9-23

EN

Progress of the climate change and limited water resources in Poland are forcing a change in the approach to rainwater and snowmelt, so that it is treated as an element of sustainable development in urban areas. This generates the need to provide financial resources for the implementation of rainwater and snowmelt management plans. The conducted analysis concludes that the rainwater fee has the characteristics of a tax and should be established in this form. The correct model for im‑ posing rainwater and snowmelt fees on residents is the administrative-legal model. Municipalities currently have no clear statutory basis for its introduction. In the author’s opinion, this situation requires urgent intervention by the legislator.

4

THE ROLE OF TOP MANAGEMENT IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT ACCORDING TO BFC SEE STANDARD

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Šašić Đ., Hadžiselimović V., Čizmić E.

BH Ekonomski Forum

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2022

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issue 17

79-92

EN

Business Friendly Certification South-East Europe (BFC SEE) is a unique program for improving the quality of services in municipalities in the region of South-East Europe, which is available to companies and potential investors. BFC SEE provides the top management of municipalities with a clear roadmap on how to create a favorable business environment and introduce internationally recognized standards of efficient and transparent local administration. For investors looking to invest or expand their business in Southeast Europe, BFC SEE serves as a standardized tool for assessing local business conditions, indicating which municipality in the region provides the best investment climate. The problem that will be addressed in the paper is focused on analyzing the effects of the introduction of standards and determining the justification of their application in local self-government units in order to improve the organization of business and quality of service provision. The goal of the research is to examine how quality management using the BFC SEE standard affects the creation of a favorable business environment and the increase in the number of business entities in local self-government units. In the framework of this research, important aspects related to the attitudes of the top management of local self-government units are questioned regarding their perception of the importance of standards and improvement of business processes that determine the attractiveness of the business environment. The research sample will include at least 50% of the local self-government units that have implemented the specified standard in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

5

Problems associated with the notion of “public duties” and “public utility services” with regard to the principle of the autonomy of local self-governments in Poland – an analysis of selected issues

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Cern G.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2018

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vol. 16

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issue 4 (2)

9-20

PL

The aim of this paper is to highlight specific features related to the performance of public duties by local self-governments, focusing on their autonomy. Hence, it is essential that the conceptual boundaries of such notions as ‘public duties’ and duties associated with ‘public services’ are established at the outset. The current lack of clarity contributes to the complexity of the issue, and this is further complicated by a lack of clear legal regulations which would explicitly define the acceptable way in which public duties assigned to local self-governments are to be implemented. These issues suffice to explain the choice of the topic tackled in this study. Admittedly, it will not provide answers to all the problems associated with the public utility services which fall within the scope of the public duties discharged by particular local self-government units: gmina (municipality/commune), powiat (county), or województwo (voivodeship). However, it may form the basis for further research to be conducted in this field. Therefore, within the framework of this paper, issues related to local self-governments, their autonomy, and the concepts of ‘public duties’ and ‘duties in the field of public utility’ will be discussed. These issues are important, as they are inextricable from the decentralization of public authority, which consists in assigning numerous public duties to be fulfilled by local self-governments.

6

Zgodność z Konstytucją przepisu nowelizacji ustawy o odnawialnych źródłach energii oraz niektórych innych ustaw w zakresie terminu wejścia w życie

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Miaskowska-Daszkiewicz K.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2020

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issue 4(68)

245-278

EN

The Sejm’s position is that the examined provision of the Act, which is being challenged by over a dozen communal and city councils, is in compliance with the principles of: non-retroactivity of the law, protection of trust towards the state and statutory law and constancy of tax law during a tax year, which are derived from the Constitution. The applicants demanded an examination of the constitutionality of the provision providing for a retroactive entry into force of the provisions giving new wording to the articles and the appendix to the Construction Law Act and the Act on Investments in Wind Farms. These provisions concern changes in the scope of the real estate tax on wind farms, which is the source of income for local self-government units. In the justification of the position, it was stated that the withdrawal from the cited constitutional principles is motivated by values approved in the Constitution.

7

The Formation of Local Self-government During the System Transformation Period in Poland and the Former GDR: A Comparative Study

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Jarosz A.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2018

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vol. 4 (47)

679-693

EN

This paper presents changes that have occurred at the local level in Poland and new German federal states during the process of the post-communist system transformation. The stages of rebuilding the local self-government and its structures are analyzed. The experiences of Poland and Eastern Germany – two states where the system transformation took different courses – were compared. At the same time, both countries have different constitutional orders of the unitary state and federal state, and this context are interesting fields for a comparative analysis. This paper also confronts the two methods of institution building – the importing of well-established institutions and developing them in the evolutionary way, where in both cases path a dependency can be well observed. In Germany this is considered a special case (Sonderfall) of institutional transformation, in which the key role was played by the transference of institutions, personnel and financial means. This was also done much quicker and in a more structured and comprehensive way than in Poland. In the case of Poland, the creation of local self-government structures or shaping the political actors was a grassroots and evolutionary process. This article points out the most important factors that had a crucial significance in the course and results of the transformation and explains different ways of developing the system of democratic local self-government.

8

Kompetencje i zadania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie bezpieczeństwa zdrowia ludności

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Wojtczak K.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2018

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issue 3 (23)

9-49

EN

The creation of conditions aimed at ensuring the health of the population is a supreme value. Polish legal solutions make it a constitutional obligation of the State and local self-government. The current Constitution of the Republic of Poland of2 April 1997 does not define the limits of this obligation; it only states that the conditions for ensuring everyone’s right to health protection and the scope of health services that are financed from public funds are to be specified by statute. In fact, the system leaves almost complete freedom in this area to the legislator. In the article the solutions adopted by local self-government units in 1991–2018 are evaluated. In order to fulfil certain competences and tasks imposed by law on the commune, poviat and self-governing regional bodies, the legislator has determined two spheres of their activity: (i) implementation of their own tasks in the field of health protection and health promotion, and (ii) establishment and running of entities which before 2011 were termed public health care facilities and after 2011 changed their name into medical entities which are not entrepreneurs. In neither of these spheres of activity is the participation of local government units identical. In the first sphere, the differences result from both the constitutional acts shaping their own tasks in the field of health protection, as well as health programmes which they adopt for their implementation. In the second sphere, however, the differences are a result of statutory solutions that base the model of health care on values that are not uniformly understood. Before 2011, they were conducted and maintained fully, or to a limited extent, from public funds, whereas after 2011 they were maintained from public funds only, when a budgetary unit was selected as an organisational formula of a self-government medical entity. The solutions of the Act of 2011 in its original wording pointed tended to favour commercialisation of the public health sector. The negative side of the solutions adopted is the extraordinary lack of diligence in exercising legislative diligence, especially in the scope of defining the competences and tasks of local self-government units in relation to the medical entities created/ run by these units.

9

Przestrzeń obowiązywania aktów prawa miejscowego po nowelizacji wprowadzonej ustawą z dnia 25 czerwca 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy o samorządzie gminnym oraz niektórych innych ustaw

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Sancewicz P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2021

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issue 4 (36)

59-77

EN

The article deals with the spatial validity of acts of local law. Before the amendments introduced by the Acts of 25 June 2015 and 27 October 2017, the basic concept proposed by the representatives of doctrine with regard to the changes in the spatial validity of acts of local law was the concept of preserving the binding force of the acts of local law in force in a strictly defined area, i.e. local development plans. Other acts of local law were to expire. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the amendments to both the Act of 8 March 1990 on Municipal Self-Government and the Act of 5 June 1998 on District Self-Government brought about the introduction of necessary regulations that had been awaited for many years – the legal gap in this area was filled with appropriate legal provisions. The article states that the legislator decided to adopt the model, according to which, in the case of mergers or changes in the borders of municipalities, acts of local law, as a rule, do not expire. The legislator took the position that such a solution does not conflict with the wording of Article 87 Paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, according to which the sources of generally binding law of the Republic of Poland are, in the area of activity of the authorities that established them, the acts of local law. The analysis of the amended regulations has proved that these new regulations have led to a solution to problems related to the validity of local acts of law in connection with the change of the area’s affiliation to a specific local government unit. Thus, it can be assumed that the amendments discussed here may lead to an acceleration and facilitation of processes related to mergers or changes in the borders of municipalities or districts.

10

Supporting Development of Tourism by Local Municipal Self-Governments within the Naturally Valuable Areas of the Lubelskie Voivodship

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Guzal-Dec D.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2014

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issue 3(37)

111-120

EN

The aim of the work is to diagnose the activity of local governments in supporting tourism development in naturally valuable areas of the Lubelskie Voivodship (Poland ). The study area consisted of 30 municipalities with the highest natural value in the Lubelskie Voivodship selected for the study based on the value of the indicator developed by D. Guzal-Dec in the study of the natural value of rural and urban-rural communes within the Lubelskie Voivodship. A questionnaire interview was used for the diagnostic purposes of the survey. Interviews were completed in 2013. The research material comprised 30 interviews with mayors and staff dealing with environmental issues in municipal offices. Websites of the surveyed communes were an important source of information. In the surveyed group, approximately 75% of the authorities declared their preference for tourism as the main direction of development of their commune. Detailed analysis of the use of various instruments of support lead to the conclusion that about 50% of them actively support tourism, of which about 30% have a planned policy manifested in a comprehensive application of the instruments of support. It seems, therefore, that strategies of cooperation for the development of tourism should be systematically and rationally utilized, especially in communities with high natural potential and less favorable non-natural conditions for tourism development.

PL

Celem pracy jest diagnoza aktywności samorządów gminnych we wpieraniu rozwoju turystyki na obszarach przyrodniczo cennych województwa lubelskiego. (Polska). Teren badania stanowiło 30 gmin o najwyżej cenności ekologicznej w województwie lubelskim wybranych do badań na podstawie wartości wskaźnika opracowanego przez D. Guzal-Dec w ramach badania cenności ekologicznej gmin wiejskich i miejsko-wiejskich województwa lubelskiego. Zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza wywiadu. Wywiady zrealizowane zostały w 2013 roku. Materiał badawczy stanowi 30 kwestionariuszy wywiadu z wójtem oraz pracownikami zajmującymi się sprawami ochrony środowiska w urzędach gmin. Ważnym źródło informacji były także strony internetowe badanych gmin. W badanej grupie około 75% przedstawicieli władz deklarowało preferowanie turystyki jako głównego kierunku rozwoju gminy. Szczegółowa analiza stopnia wykorzystania poszczególnych instrumentów wsparcia pozwala stwierdzić, że około 50% aktywnie wspiera turystykę, z czego około 30% prowadzi planowaną politykę przejawiającą się w kompleksowym zastosowaniu instrumentów wsparcia. Wydaje się zatem, że należy planowo i racjonalnie wykorzystywać strategię współpracy na rzecz rozwoju turystyki, zwłaszcza w gminach o dużym potencjale przyrodniczym, a mniej korzystnych uwarunkowaniach pozaprzyrodniczych rozwoju turystyki. Opracowanie przygotowano w ramach projektu badawczego nr 2011/01/D/HS4/ 03927 pt. „Ekologiczne uwarunkowania i czynniki rozwoju funkcji gospodarczych na obszarach przyrodniczo cennych województwa lubelskiego” finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki.

11

Dostęp posła do nagrania z posiedzenia rady gminy

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Odrowąż-Sypniewski W.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2018

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issue 4(60)

180-185

EN

The Act on the Exercise of the Mandate of a Deputy or Senator constitutes legal basis for requiring by the Deputy the access to recordings from the session of a communal council. However, there are no sanctions in case of local self-government unit’s infringement of such an obligation towards Deputies and Senators. The lack of specific legal instruments does not exclude the possibility of taking action on general terms, i.e. on the basis of provisions concerning control and supervision over local self-government. A Deputy may demand, from the chairperson of the council, an explanation of reasons for the inability of the realization of such right.

12

Skutki prawne zaciągania przez samorządy terytorialne kredytów konsolidacyjnych w świetle obowiązujących regulacji ustawy o finansach publicznych wraz z oceną możliwości dokonania zmian w tym zakresie

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Dzwonkowski H.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2018

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issue 3(59)

188-197

EN

Within the current state of law, all activities related to contracting a consolidation credit must be included as a revenue and expenditure in the budgetary resolution of a local self-government unit, at the same time affecting the amount of an individual debt ratio. There is no legal basis for directing instructions to the Regional Audit Chambers to change an interpretation of the currently binding legal norms. An amendment to the Act on Public Finances is in the process of drafting, aiming at making possible for local self-government entities to restructure debt through, inter alia, repayment of the existing debt with a new, more favorable consolidation debt.

13

The Europeanisation of the Local Self-Government in the South Caucasus

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Czachor R.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2022

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issue 2 (51)

30-47

EN

The following paper employs a normative approach and focuses on the problem of the current state of the local self-government in the South Caucasus countries: Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Since all these countries are members of the Council of Europe, a reference point for decentralisation is the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The paper's main thesis is that despite showing some similarities, the countries have introduced different models of decentralisation that do not fully meet the Council of Europe’s criteria. Such variation is in line with the different political systems of these states and their level of democratisation. The more democratic the state is, the stronger the decentralisation it has adopted. Thus, decentralisation in Georgia follows the European model of public policy, while Azerbaijan is preserving the former Soviet model of weak self-government, with central authorities playing the leading role in public services. The current changes in Armenia’s model resemble the Georgian track of reforms. The findings of this paper may be applicable both in further theoretical research and in implementing reforms of local self-government in various post-Soviet states.

14

The Position of Local Self-Government in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

80%

Rabska T.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2020

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vol. 11

9-34

EN

The paper is an English translation of Pozycja samorządu terytorialnego w konstytucji by Teresa Rabska published originally in Polish in the Journal of Law Economy and Sociology from 1995. The text is published as a part of a newly established section of the Adam Mickiewicz University devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Facultyof Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.

15

The local self-government’s place in the cybersecurity domain. Examples of Poland and Hungary

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Hoffman I., Karpiuk M.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2022

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vol. 7

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issue 1

171-190

EN

Local self-government, as a structure within which civil society can thrive, where the digital competencies of the local and regional community come to life, must have the right tools to ensure adequate cybersecurity. These days, e-government, also at the local self-government level, is a common form of performing public tasks, and as a result, its activities in cyberspace must be properly secured. Many tasks are performed using ICT systems that are exposed to external attacks, and therefore, they should meet the appropriate security standards. The article refers to the legal solutions in the field of cybersecurity operating within local self-government in Poland and Hungary.

16

Moje, nasze, czyje? – postrzeganie miasta jako dobra wspólnego

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Sobol A.

Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN

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2018

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vol. 184

275-283

17

Citizen Participation and Engagement in Urban Governance: Perception of Finnish and Polish Local Officials1

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Radzik-Maruszak K., Bátorová M.

NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy

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2015

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vol. 8

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issue 1

85-110

EN

Participation has recently received renewed attention in the context of governance. This is especially relevant in countries where democratization and decentralization have led to an increased promotion of citizen involvement into the decision-making process. This article suggests that the current debate on civic engagement would benefit from further reflection on how the concept of participation is implemented in contexts, particularly in the Nordic as well as Central and Eastern European countries, where ideas of local democracy, urban governance and involvement can be understood differently. By exploring citizen participation from the perspective of local officials in two European cities – Lublin, Poland and Tampere, Finland, the article seeks to add significant data to the on-going scholarly discussion. Based on qualitative research, it examines advantages and disadvantages of the provisions of the local citizen-participation frameworks, as perceived by the officials of the selected case cities. In the conclusion, the authors point out that although both cities have different democratic institutional systems as well as commonly accepted notions of citizen participation, their city halls frequently face similar problems related to the use of participatory tools.

18

Nové politické elity maloměst na přelomu 19. a 20. století

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Zapletal J., Zapletalová M., Linhartová A.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2019

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vol. 117

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issue 2

347-380

EN

Using a micro-analytical approach, this study attempts to capture some important aspects of the formation of new town elites in six Habsburg “agrarian-spiritual“ small towns from different parts of the vast Monarchy in the seemingly unconnected environments of Lower Austria (Eggenburg, Horn, Retz), South Tyrol (Brixen) and Eastern Moravia (Uherský Brod, Uherské Hradiště). We present the key moments which document the accentuation of qualitative changes at the societal, economic and political levels in the Monarchy’s small towns at the turn of the 20th century. We further introduce the starting points linked to the capabilities of the town elites to impact successfully upon and influence various policy levels for the benefit of a municipal sphere from which they themselves sprang.

19

Uprawnienia posłów do uczestnictwa w sesjach sejmików oraz rad gmin i powiatów

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Czarny P.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2017

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issue 4(56)

179-192

EN

The opinion states that the council (sejmik) should “adopt a position” regarding comments and motions of a Deputy. However, motions submitted by the Deputy do not initiate - contrary Deputies’ interventions - any separate, formalized procedure for their consideration by councillors. If the Deputy put forward a motion regarding matters which, according to provisions of statutes or articles of organisation of a municipality (district, voivodship), fall within exclusive rights of councilors (e.g. a legislative initiative) or bodies of a given local government unit or other entities, the council (sejmik) cannot - as unacceptable – consider them. If they meet formal requirements and the way they are formulated enables putting them to a vote, the decision should be made in this form.

20

Citizens’ legislative initiative as a tool to strengthen local legislative inclusive procedures… – from idea to formal legislation

80%

Podgórska-Rykała J., Ostachowski P.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2021

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vol. 27

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issue 342

88-103

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę charakterystyki i analizy instytucji obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej, poprzez opis jej idei, genezy i czterech ścieżek legislacyjnych, z których ostatnia zakończyła się sukcesem. Na mocy nowelizacji ustrojowych ustaw samorządowych z 2018 r. z prawa do wszczęcia procedury legislacyjnej mogą korzystać na równych zasadach mieszkańcy wszystkich polskich gmin, powiatów i województw. Rozważania artykułu koncentrują się na formalnym prześledzeniu ścieżki legislacyjnej ustawy będącej dziś legalną podstawą prawną omawianej instytucji, jak i charakterystyce trzech wcześniejszych – nieskutecznych – projektów. Osią pracy jest dyskusja i spór w doktrynie oraz gronie samorządowców, między innymi, o zasadność wprowadzenia tej regulacji i jej ostateczny kształt. W artykule wykorzystano metody charakterystyczne dla badań nad polityką publiczną oraz studiów z prawa i administracji. Narzędziem głównym jest analiza komparatystyczna projektów aktów prawnych, a pomocniczym funkcjonalna analiza systemowa. W toku rozważań, autorzy chcą odpowiedzieć na pytanie o stosunek poszczególnych środowisk politycznych do zasadności uregulowania inicjatywy uchwałodawczej w prawie powszechnym oraz do sposobu i zakresu samej regulacji. Nasuwa się też pytane o to, dlaczego, mimo trwających prawie dekadę prób ujednolicenia poszczególnych rozwiązań, udało się to zrobić dopiero w 2018 r.?

EN

The article is an attempt to characterize and analyze the institution of a civic initiative, by describing its idea, genesis and four legislative paths, the last of which was successful. Pursuant to the 2018 amendment to the local government laws, the right to initiate a legislative procedure may be exercised by residents of all Polish municipalities, poviats and voivodships on an equal basis. The considerations of the article focus on the formal following of the legislative path of the act, which is today the legal basis of the discussed institution, as well as the characteristics of the three previous - ineffective - drafts. The axis of the work is a discussion and dispute in the doctrine and among local government officials, among others, about the legitimacy of introducing this regulation and its final shape. The article uses methods characteristic for research on public policy as well as law and administration studies. The main tool is a comparative analysis of draft legal acts, and the auxiliary is a functional system analysis. During deliberations, the authors want to answer the question about the attitude of individual political circles to the legitimacy of regulating the resolution initiative in common law and to the manner and scope of the regulation itself. The question is also why, despite almost a decade of attempts to standardize individual solutions, it was possible to do it only in 2018?

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