Search results

1

The possibilities of using the guidebook analysis method in research on the evolution of urban tourism space in Maghreb countries

100%

Kalaska M.

Turyzm

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2018

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vol. 28

|

issue 2

15-21

EN

Research on the evolution of tourism space in Maghreb cities is hindered due to the limited availability and questionable credibility of the data. The guidebook analysis method was developed by S. Liszewski (1999) and it offers a way of analysing tourism space. The main objective of this research paper is to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of using this method to analyse changes in the urban tourism space of the Maghreb. This paper presents conclusions of the research conducted in six locations in the period 2012-2014.

2

Możliwości wykorzystania metody przewodnikowej w badaniach nad ewolucją miejskiej przestrzeni turystycznej w krajach Maghrebu

100%

Kałaska M.

Turyzm

|

2018

|

vol. 28

|

issue 2

17-24

PL

Badania nad ewolucją przestrzeni turystycznej w miastach Maghrebu są utrudnione, ponieważ dostępność do danych zastanych jest ograniczona, a ich wiarygodność wątpliwa. Metoda przewodnikowa, opracowana przez S. LISZEWSKIEGO (1999), jest jednym ze sposobów, które umożliwiają analizę tej przestrzeni. Głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie zalet i ograniczeń wykorzystania tej metody w analizie przemian miejskiej przestrzeni turystycznej w Maghrebie. W artykule przedstawiono wnioski z badań przeprowadzonych na próbie sześciu miejscowości w latach 2012–2014.

3

Organizacje międzynarodowe i wybrane państwa wobec sporu o Saharę Zachodnią

100%

Kotowicz W.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2012

|

vol. 13 - "Stare" i "nowe" mocarstwa w Afryce - stygmaty kulturowe, religijne, polityczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne

629-648

EN

The issue of political status of the Western Sahara is an intricate bundle of contradictions. The countries which lay claim to its territory put forward a number of legal, historical, ethnical as well as geopolitical arguments. It is pointed out that this untied Gordian Knot breeds pernicious implications for international relations becoming the source of instability in the Maghreb countries. Additionally it is emphasized that no effort to solve this conflict was successful and what is more it seems that there are few hopes for a complete settling this dispute in the future. In the article the standpoints of the countries as well as international organizations concerning the Western Sahara conflict are presented as well as efforts of these political entities to solve this conflict.

4

Islam - czynnik wzmacniający czy osłabiający nacjonalizm arabski. Na przykładzie państw Maghrebu

100%

Płonowski M.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2006

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vol. 4 - Islam we współczesnej Afryce

235-278

EN

Since the very beginning mutual relations between Islam and the Arabs were ambiguous. Some of the inherent Arab values were reinforced by Islam, others were questioned. Over the ages their reciprocal influences had the impact on all of the aspects of the Arab in general, and the Maghrebian in particular, reality. Political and social theories and their practical implementation, Arab nationalism and panislamism, were shaped accordingly. Taking into account all the variety of different factors influencing Arab nationalism (ethnicity and local identities, colonial history, state identities, etc.) the article focuses on the relations between Arab nationalism and Islam in the Maghreb states. At the beginning it tries to determine the definition of the Arabs. Afterwards, it analysis the relations between the Arab and the Muslim identities. Finally, to establish the reinforcing or the weakening impact of Islam on the Arab nationalism in practice, the writer goes through the different stages of the Arab and Maghreb history, showing how the Pan-Arabic and Pan-Islamic theories were getting and losing their support, cooperating and competing with each other, proving how bad it was both, for the religion and for the politics, that Islam became so engaged in the policy making processes. The final idea is that, since many decades these are the state identities, state nationalism for example, which become more and more influential source of reference for all kinds of political and social movements, including Arab nationalism.

5

Teodor Tripplin i jego pochwała języka arabskiego

100%

Witczak K. T.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2015

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issue 1-2

3-21

EN

The Arabic language was lauded in Poland as early as 1844 by M.D. Theodore Tripplin (1812?–1881) in his book entitled Wspomnienia z podróży (Memoirs of Journeys). Tripplin was a Polish physician and writer who visited many oriental countries during his numerous journeys. He learnt Classical Arabic and Maghrebi Arabic in Morocco (1843). Later he travelled to and lived in Turkey (1859), Palestine (1859, 1873–1875), Egypt (1859) and Algeria (1843, 1859). In his praise of the Arabic language, Tripplin explains that it is ‘a beautiful and comprehensible language’ (Pol. piękny, zrozumiały język) and he believes that everybody should learn Arabic, as it is not possible to appreciate the Arabs and their culture without the knowledge of their mother tongue.

6

Gościnność w kulturze/kulturach Maghrebu

100%

Barska A.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2018

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issue 1-2 (265-266)

3-13

EN

The paper attempts to investigate hospitality in various dimensions and contexts. The introduction includes a description of terminology in Polish and French, together with the relationship between hospitality and culture. The next part focuses on hospitality analysed from the point of view of philosophy, anthropology and sociology. The general discussion of hospitality as a wide sociocultural phenomenon serves as a basis for the presentation of constructs connected with places both private and public, architecturally specific, and inspired by religion, tradition and culture. The realistic dimension expressed in ceremonies connected with hospitality, celebrations and gift exchanges turns out to be significant. Apart from that, relations between the host and the guest, the behaviour of both, as well as binding formulas are described. Various modes of hospitality are also depicted: private and semi-public, as well as the link between hospitality and tourism.

7

«L’illusion du jardin décevant». L’écriture de la crise dans les Jardins maures d’Aline Réveillaud de Lens

89%

Sokołowicz M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica

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2022

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vol. 17

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issue 1

51-65

EN

The aim of this contribution is to answer the question of why in Jardin maures [Moorish Gardens], a collection of short stories written by a French writer and painter of the colonial era, Aline Réveillaud de Lens (1881-1925), the imaginary of the garden intervenes with that of the crisis. Are we simply dealing with the crisis of the garden understood as an Edenic place or are we faced in those short stories with other crises that the writer evokes by using this incongruous union of the garden and the crisis? To answer these questions, we have divided our paper into three parts. The first will briefly introduce the writer and the collection. The second will show that the crisis of the garden may denounce some crises of Muslim society and the third part will describe the crisis of the garden as the crisis of a certain dream.

FR

Le but de cette contribution est de répondre à la question de savoir pourquoi dans les Jardins maures, cycle de nouvelles de l’écrivaine et peintre française de l’époque coloniale, Aline Réveillaud de Lens (1881-1925), l’imaginaire du jardin s’unit à celui de la crise. Avons-nous affaire tout simplement à la crise du jardin compris comme un espace paradisiaque ou s’agit-t-il d’autres crises encore que l’écrivaine évoque en se servant de cette union incongrue du jardin et de la crise ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons divisé notre article en trois parties. La première présentera brièvement l’écrivaine et le cycle. La deuxième montrera que le jardin en crise peut cacher des crises propres à la société musulmane et la troisième décrira le jardin en crise comme la crise d’un certain rêve.

8

La patria perduta nei romanzi degli autori maghrebini: Amara Lakhous e Amor Dekhis

89%

Figarska-Bączyk I.

Italica Wratislaviensia

|

2015

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issue 6

49-60

EN

Currently, in Italy, the migration of individuals from the Maghreb has increased so dramatically that it is impossible to ignore. Accordingly, there has been an increase in the number of migrant writers originating from these countries. Researchers distinguish three stages of migrant literature, which are described in this article. This study offers a look at the writings of two Italian-speaking writers of Algerian origin: Amara Lakhous and Amor Dekhis. Both of these writers represent the third stage of Italian migrant literature, that is, the main feature of their writings is that they are fictional, rather than covering topics intensely connected to autobiography, which is typical of the first phrase of migrant literature. The decision to study these two authors in particular is due not only to their choice to write in the same genre (crime fiction) or to their ethnic origin, but, rather, it is due to the recurring theme in their works of the loss of their homeland. This article attempts to find similarities in the writings of Lakhous and Dekhis, such as their having chosen a new language in which to write; the modification of names; the personalisation of the women’s names and the meaning of this personalisation (Algyida, Ilaria, Bagià). Finally, this study explores the topic of homesickness, which is found in the books of both writers. Using Lakhous and Dekhis as examples, this article emphasises the fact that Italian migrant literature is not detached from contemporary Italian literature; indeed, it is an inseparable part of it.

IT

Oggigiorno il fenomeno della migrazione in Italia di persone provenienti dai Paesi del Maghreb ha raggiunto dimensioni tali da non poter essere ignorate. Conseguentemente è aumentato anche il numero di scrittori originari di tali Paesi. La critica ha individuato tre fasi in cui si articola la letteratura della migrazione, fasi che sono descritte in questo contributo. L’articolo si concentra su due autori in lingua italiana di origine algerina (Amara Lakhous, Amor Dekhis). entrambi rappresentanti della terza fase della letteratura della migrazione in lingua italiana: la caratteristica saliente delle loro opere è quella di essere opere di narrativa piuttosto che autobiografiche, caratteristica - quella autobiografica - propria della prima fase di tale letteratura. La scelta è caduta su questi due autori non solo per il genere in cui si cimentano (il romanzo giallo) o per la loro provenienza geografica, ma anche e soprattutto per il tema ricorrente della “perdita della Patria”. Questo articolo tenta d’individuare affinità tra la scrittura di Lakhous e Dekhis, quali ad esempio la scelta di una nuova lingua, il cambio - da parte degli autori - del proprio stesso nome, la “personalizzazione” dei nomi femminili e il significato di tale operazione (Algyida, Ilaria, Bagià). Infine l’articolo si concentra sulla nostalgia per la madrepatria, ciò che possiamo riscontrare in entrambi gli scrittori. Impiegando Lakhous e Dekhis come esempio questo articolo si sforza anche di sottolineare che la letteratura della migrazione in lingua italiana non è qualcosa di separato dalla lettaratura italiana contemporanea ma anzi, ne è una parte inseparabile.

9

Kultura i sztuka ulicy w Maghrebie na przykładzie Algierii i Tunezji. Zarys problemu

89%

Barska A.

Górnośląskie Studia Socjologiczne. Seria Nowa

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2022

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vol. 13

1-12

EN

In her article, Anna Barska presents various strategies used by social actors to manifest their desire to speak, to break taboos and to make sense of their presence in the city. The places represented, the time, the themes and the creator(s) are a form of message and communication. The examples Barska discusses, i.e., Algiers, Oran, Tunis and Djerba, are helpful in understanding the complexity of the socio-cultural and political life in the Maghreb.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia różnorodne strategie manifestowania chęci do mówienia, przełamywania tabu i próby nadawania sensu swojej obecności w mieście jako aktora społecznego. Prezentowane miejsca, czas, tematyka i twórca/y stanowią formę przekazu i komunikacji. Omawiane przykłady Algieru, Oranu, Tunisu czy Dżerby pozwalają zrozumieć złożoność życia społeczno-kulturowego i politycznego w Maghrebie.

10

Państwo a islam w krajach Maghrebu

89%

Musiał S.

Przegląd Religioznawczy

|

2018

|

issue 3/269

EN

The author analyses the relationship from three points of view: the diversity of these relationships in the world of Islam, historical and ideological sources of these relationships and the impact of the “Arab spring” on the modern settlement legal and institutional in the Maghreb. The author comes to the conclusion that far in the direction of the Secularization of law and State institutions was Tunisia. However, the civil society, which is still in the bud in the countries of the Maghreb, are marked by the conjoined social behavior. So-far-quite effectively inhibits is expressed, especially by young people, the pursuit of freedom, emancipatory flowingfrom the north shore of the Mediterranean Sea.

PL

Maghreb w tradycyjnym ujęciu obejmuje Maroko, Algierię i Tunezję – i właśnie ten obszar będzie przedmiotem analizy w artykule. Wspomniane trzy państwa łączy kilka elementów, takich jak: bliskość geograficzna, znaczenie geopolityczne, korzenie berberyjskie, fala islamizacji arabskiej i przeszłość kolonialna (w przypadku Maroka i Tunezji – jako protektoratów Francji, a w przypadku Algierii – jako części terytorium francuskiego). Przeszłość kolonialna odcisnęła swój ślad na dzisiejszym obrazie tych krajów, głównie poprzez kulturowy wpływ kolonizatora francuskiego.

11

Pour une poétique de l’interculturel dans l’œuvre d’Abdelkébir Khatibi

88%

JEDIDI C.

Planeta Literatur. Journal of Global Literary Studies

|

2014

|

issue 1. Europe - Maghreb: exchanged glances / L'Europe et le Maghreb: les regards croisés

139-147

FR

Abdelkébir Khatibi fait partie de ces écrivains qui essaient de (ré)investir et de (re)territorialiser son identité dans ce mi-lieu d’ambivalence entre l’ici et l’ailleurs. L’auteur adopte une approche identitaire et linguistique qui a pour but de camper l’écriture de l’œuvre dans un espace irrémédiablement ouvert sur soi et sur le monde, tout en transcrivant les tensions qui travaillent cette relation entre le sujet, l’altérité personnelle et celle référentielle. Or, par-delà la dualité consubstantielle à l’identité bilingue du personnage maghrébin, la scénographie du double réveille un désir de fusion avec le dehors. Le narrateur entreprend une errance linguistique et culturelle qui transcende les dualités marquant par là même l’émergence d’une « pensée-autre ». Transcender le cadre étroit de l’identité qui est irréductiblement liée à une langue et à une culture donnée a constitué pour le personnage le sol premier au « dépassement du narcissisme intrinsèque à toute relation ». Dès lors, c’est l’inscription dans l’œuvre d’une « polyphonie culturelle » qui concrétise cette pensée de l’aimance dans l’écriture même en établissant tout un réseau relationnel où l’altérité domine. Dans ce sens, l’hybridité poétique établit un espace scriptural où les différents textes de divers horizons et de multiples inspirations se croisent et s’interpellent. La pluralité linguistique qui ouvre la voie au mélange interculturel fait de l’œuvre un lieu de rencontre travaillé par la pensée de l’inter et animé par le principe de l’aimance. L’intertextualité est à cet égard une invitation à (re)penser la littérature comme un réseau où les différences constituent des influences.

12

Assia Djebar, les voies du plurilinguisme

88%

PEILLET S.

Planeta Literatur. Journal of Global Literary Studies

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2014

|

issue 2. Assia Djebar and woman writing / Assia Djebar et l'écriture au féminin

17-29

FR

Le 5 Juillet 2012, au cinquantième anniversaire des accords d’Evian, marquant la fin de la guerre d’Algérie et l’indépendance du pays, la France n’est pas conviée aux cérémonies. C’est en effet une lutte accrue contre la puissance coloniale qui est à cette occasion célébrée ; ce sont les martyrs tombés pour la patrie sous les armes françaises qui sont commémorés. L’histoire des deux pays est donc toujours marquée par le sang. En asseyant leur autorité sur l’ancienne colonie, les Français ont imposé leur culture mais aussi leur langue, dévalorisant celle de la population indigène. De fait, ces conflits ont fait naître chez le peuple arabe un traumatisme linguistique toujours ancré dans les mémoires. Les situations de diglossie, qui font coexister des variétés linguistiques au sein d’un même territoire, soulèvent des interrogations sur le statut des langues en Algérie et leur cohabitation : le français reste imprégné d’une idéologie coloniale, l’arabe classique marqué par la religion et le berbère confiné à la sphère du privé. Dans L’anthropologie structurale, Claude Lévi-Strauss considère « le langage, à la fois comme le fait culturel par excellence et celui par l'intermédiaire duquel toutes les formes de la vie sociale s'établissent et se perpétuent ». On comprend dès lors l’importance de considérer la structure du plurilinguisme en Algérie puisqu’il est à la base de l’organisation de la société. Il convient alors de déterminer si ces langues interagissent uniquement dans un rapport de force. Pour cela notre analyse empruntera un point de vue littéraire en se penchant sur les œuvres d’Assia Djebar, romancière algérienne de langue française. La problématique de la langue, au cœur de ses romans, a déjà été largement documenté, nous nous inscrivons ici dans de la lignée de ces recherches précédentes, et entendons traiter la question sur fond historique. Il s’agira de se demander comment un écrivain algérien pense son rapport aux langues et si le métissage linguistique au sein d’une même œuvre peut se jouer des frontières. Le plurilinguisme constitutif de l’Algérie établit en effet des barrières qui cloisonnent les langues. Les textes d’Assia Djebar, dans un jeu entre oralité et écriture, font intervenir la mixité et démantèlent le paternalisme dont est empreint le français. La romancière parvient à conjuguer ces deux versants d’une même langue, pour qu’en résulte une écriture sur les marges, qui ne se situe que dans un entre-deux. Comment dès lors caractériser ce mouvement du texte ; est-il migration, errance ou fuite ?

13

L’identité amazighe et la langue française. Autour de l’auto-traduction du roman Le pain des corbeaux par Lhoussain Azergui

88%

Łukaszyk E.

Romanica Cracoviensia

|

2013

|

vol. 13

|

issue 3

PL

Amazigh identity and French language. On auto-translation of the novel Le pain des corbeaux by Lhoussain Azergui The main problem discussed in the article is the meaning of the decision taken by Lhoussain Azergui who, after having engaged in the process of revitalization, finally opted by translating into French his novel originally written in Amazigh. The phenomenon of the emergent Amazigh literature can be understood in the perspective of trans-colonial renegotiation of Maghrebian identities. With Azergui, it enters a new field of experimentation, when the linguistic fidelity is broken to let the writer confront himself with a major literary language. It is a „betrayal with a promise of return” that can lead to a new stage in the development of Amazigh culture. Azergui’s novel justifies internally the option of translation. Its main subject is the necessity of crossing the borders of traditional mentality. The hero, a journalist leaving the prison, finds no place in his own community due to the ancestral believes considering writing as a magical gesture. The traditional culture finds the hero guilty of supreme transgression, which is punishable by death. The intellectual rejected by his own community has no other option than to seek alliances in the outside world, hoping to efface the frontiers between the local and the global.

14

Ewolucja zagrożenia dżihadystycznego a przemiany demokratyczne w państwach Maghrebu

87%

Wejkszner A.

Przegląd Politologiczny

|

2014

|

issue 1

189-200

EN

The paper focuses on the presentation of the current stage of the evolution of the jihadist threat in the area of North Africa. It identifies the main terrorist groups belonging to the global Salafi-jihadist movement. A special role within this movement has been assigned to al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). The paper presents the strategic objectives of the group and the most important examples of its activity. The author also discusses the main reasons for the lack of involvement of AQIM in the socio-political changes in the Arab world after 2011.

PL

W artykule skupiono się na przedstawieniu aktualnego etapu ewolucji zagrożenia dżihadystycznego na obszarze Afryki Północnej. Wskazano najważniejsze grupy terrorystyczne wchodzące w skład salafickiego ruchu globalnego dżihadu, szczególne miejsce przypisując Al-Kaidzie w Islamskim Maghrebie (AKIM). Przedstawione zostały strategiczne cele grupy oraz najważniejsze przykłady jej aktywności. Skupiono się także na wyartykułowaniu najważniejszych powodów braku zaangażowania AKIM w przemiany społeczno-polityczne w świecie arabskim po 2011 r.

15

Les Maghrébins et la Grande Guerre 1914–1918

75%

Nagy L. J.

West Bohemian Historical Review

|

2022

|

vol. 12

|

issue 2

263-273

EN

The mobilisation caused a great social mobility in the Maghreb countries that had never been seen before. More than two hundred thousand men participated in the war operations, and almost a hundred and fifty thousand went to work in the metropolitan factories. They have discovered a new world: a more egalitarian society than that of their country. They were influenced by new ideologies: nationalism, Pan-Islamism, bolshevism, and Wilson’s 14 points. The contact with the workers’ world transformed them into thinking beings – says one of their spokesmen, El Emir Khaled. The author presents the activities of Charles-André Julien (1891–1991), a social-communist militant (in 1924 he left the Communist Party) describing the awakening to self-consciousness of the Maghrebis (the “natives”) and the realization of their national and social situation. This militant, and later prominent historian of the Maghreb, contributed a lot to making the colonial problem an important matter in French political life at the beginning of the 1920s.

16

Alger, un foyer culturel pour les écrivains exilés de la France combattante (novembre 1942-août 1944)

75%

JAFFEUX V.

Planeta Literatur. Journal of Global Literary Studies

|

2014

|

issue 1. Europe - Maghreb: exchanged glances / L'Europe et le Maghreb: les regards croisés

85-102

FR

Le rayonnement du microcosme littéraire nord-africain dans les années 1940 résulte indéniablement de l'attention portée par la communauté d'Alger aux écrivains métropolitains exilés. Suite au débarquement angloaméricain de novembre 1942, la Ville blanche accède au rang de capitale de la France libre. Elle accueille alors les principales forces politiques œuvrant pour la libération du territoire national, mais également de nombreux artistes reconnus souhaitant contribuer au relèvement moral du pays. La participation de ces figures renommées aux projets éditoriaux de la Résistance ne relève cependant pas uniquement de motivations idéologiques ; elle s'avère également la conséquence de stratégies élaborées par la jeune génération algéroise pour attirer à eux leurs aînés. Cette étape apparaît en effet décisive dans l'élaboration d'un véritable pôle culturel au Maghreb. En s'attachant les services de plumes connues, le vivier littéraire nord-africain de l'entre-deux-guerres entend bien remettre en cause sa position marginale au sein du paysage éditorial français.

17

Between Analogy and Language Contact: A Case Study of Grammatical Change in Maghrebi Judaeo-Arabic Dialects

75%

Gębski W.

Folia Orientalia

|

2023

|

vol. 60

277-309

EN

Analogy and language contact represent endogenous and exogenous factors of language change. Although both processes have been discussed in the realm of Arabic dialectology, they are usually treated as two unrelated scenarios. The central question that this study posits is whether those are two functionally independent phenomena, or they can operate synergetically. The primary focus of this paper is two typologically distinct Jewish dialects, i.e. sedentary Gabes (Southern Tunisia), and exhibiting numerous Bedouin features Wad-Souf (Eastern Algeria). Based on new data obtained from fieldwork, this paper accounts for five cases of grammar evolution within verb morphology and syntax through the lens of analogy and language contact. It raises the possibility that under certain circumstances, language change can occur at the intersection of endogenous and exogenous factors.

18

The Evolution of the Emancipation Movement of Women in the Maghreb

75%

Barska A.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

|

2019

|

issue 1

143-152

EN

Regaining independence by each country (Tunisia, Morocco 1956, Algeria 1962) and the publication of relevant documents (codes of family law, constitutions) created opportunities to speak more widely about social and economic rights, or about political rights for women. However, the rights granted to women were characterized by the principle of inequality, especially in Algeria and Morocco. In this difficult and complex situation, the emancipation movement of women went through various phases. In Algeria, its strength began to appear at the turn of the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century and has been constantly increased. In Morocco, in principle, the awakening took place in the early nineties of the twentieth century. Women themselves played a significant role in the activities for emancipation, engaging in various undertakings, organizations and associations, and in activating Non Profit Organizations (Organisation Non-Gouvernementale -ONG) with women participation from the end of the 80s of the twentieth century, which, in its turn, created opportunities for legal reforms, which would not exist without activities carried out by various associations, including women’s associations. The Jasmine Revolution, also known as the Arabic spring, was initiated in Tunisia, and has had a significant impact on the contemporary activities of women.

19

Mauritania as an Atlantic Migration Buffer for Europe

75%

AlBahri A.

Reality of Politics

|

2026

|

issue 35

7-31

EN

This article examines Mauritania’s role along the West African migration route to Europe, focusing on its function as a key transit and containment space for irregular Sub-Saharan migration toward the Canary Islands. Based on interviews with Mauritanian government officials conducted in June and July 2025, the study analyzes how migration governance has evolved in response to regional mobility dynamics and cooperation with European partners. It traces changes in border management practices, legal frameworks, and institutional coordination, highlighting enduring constraints linked to geography, administrative capacity, and domestic political considerations. The article argues that Mauritania’s agency in migration governance is shaped less by strategic leverage than by structural necessity and geographic position. The case illustrates the limits of policy-driven migration control in a context of persistent mobility pressures and competing governance priorities.

20

Polityka zagraniczna Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec regionów o niskim stopniu zainteresowania na przykładzie wybranych krajów Afryki Północnej w latach 1989-2001

71%

Wordliczek R.

Przegląd Politologiczny

|

2015

|

issue 4

79-91

EN

During the Cold War and in the 1990s, Maghreb states, with the exception of Egypt, were treated marginally by successive US administrations. The situation changed after the terrorist attacks took place in New York and Washington D.C. in September 2001. The paper presents the main political problems in relations between the United States and Maghreb states in the 1990s. These main problems were: the political crisis in Algeria, and the political and military conflict between Morocco and Algeria over Western Sahara. From the US point of view the most important were the implications of these events for the international relations.

PL

Przez okres zimnej wojny i bezpośrednio po jej zakończeniu, aż do wydarzeń z 11 września 2001 r. kraje Afryki Północnej, z wyjątkiem Egiptu, były traktowane marginalnie przez kolejne administracje amerykańskie. Artykuł dotyczy miejsca krajów Maghrebu w polityce zagranicznej USA w latach 90 – tych XX wieku. Do głównych problemów związanych z obszarem Afryki Północnej, które skupiały uwagę Waszyngtonu w ostatniej dekadzie ubiegłego wieku należały: konflikt między Algierią i Marokiem o Saharę Zachodnią oraz kryzys polityczny w Algierii i implikacje międzynarodowe wynikające z tego konfliktu. Autor podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na dwa główne pytania: jakie były cele polityki zagranicznej USA wobec krajów Maghrebu w latach 90 – tych XX wieku? Jakie instrumenty polityki zagranicznej Stany Zjednoczone wykorzystywały w stosunkach z Algierią, Marokiem i Mauretanią?

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