Search results

1

Internationalization process on the example of LVMH

100%

Płoneczka K.

Ekonomia Międzynarodowa

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2018

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issue 21

20-31

PL

Proces internacjonalizacji jest często stosowany przez firmy chcące zwiększyć obszar działalności. Może być rozumiany zarówno jako wejście na nowe rynki za pomocą np. jont-venture, jak i sprzedawanie produktów na rynkach zagranicznych. Istnieją dwa konwencjonalne modele internacjonalizacji: model uppsalski oraz modele oparte na innowacji. Oprócz nich możemy wyróżnić model sieciowy czy też born-global. LVMH jest międzynarodowym konglomeratem dóbr luksusowych, który od początku swojego istnienia wykorzystywał internacjonalizację do wchodzenia na nowe rynki i powiększania zakresu działalności. Teraz aktywność LVMH skupia się głównie na przejmowaniu nowych firm oraz na wchodzeniu na nowe rynki w Azji ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rynku chińskiego. Dla firm z branży dóbr luksusowych internacjonalizacja jest czymś naturalnym, jednak w przypadku takich firm większy nacisk kładziony jest np. na lokalizację sklepów oraz ich wystrój czy na personalizację produktów, jak również na przystosowanie produktów do potrzeb lokalnego rynku. Artykuł przedstawia pokrótce proces internacjonalizacji na przykładzie LVMH na rynku azjatyckim, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem chińskiego rynku dóbr luksusowych. Głównymi metodami badań użytymi na potrzeby artykułu są studia literaturowe oraz studium przypadku.

EN

Internationalization is a process commonly used by companies to expand their business. It can be understood as entering new foreign markets by using different methods such as joint-venture, greenfield investments, but also simply selling the products abroad. There are two main models of internationalization: the Uppsala model and models based on innovation. LVMH is an international luxury goods conglomerate that since the beginning of its existence has used internationalization as a way of entering new markets and expanding its businesses even more. Now, their activities are mainly acquiring new firms, entering new markets, especially in Asia, with special attention paid to China. Internationalization for the luxury goods company is something natural, but more attention is paid to details such as shop location, the interior design of the shops, the customization of products and adjusting them to local market needs. The goal of this article is to briefly present the internationalization phenomenon and show it on the example of LVMH on the Asian market, with special attention paid to the Chinese luxury market. The main research methods used for this article are a literature study and a case study.

2

Entrepreneurship without Borders: Do Borders Matter for International Entrepreneurship?

100%

Wach K.

Problemy Zarządzania

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2015

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issue 1/2015 (51), t.2

82-92

PL

Artykuł ukazuje związek dystansu geograficznego do rynków zagranicznych oraz internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. Głównym celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie, czy odległość geograficzna do granicy (lokalizacja firmy) ma wpływ na proces internacjonalizacji. Wykorzystano badania ankietowe V4 przeprowadzone w Polsce na próbie 190 umiędzynarodowionych polskich przedsiębiorstw. Wyniki testu Manna-Whitneya, testu t-Studenta oraz analizy ANOVA potwierdzają, że przedsiębiorstwa działające w województwach przygranicznych są bardziej umiędzynarodowione niż te działające w województwach wewnętrznych Polski. Oznacza to, że zakładana hipoteza badawcza została potwierdzona, a przedsiębiorstwa zlokalizowane w regionach przygranicznych są bardziej umiędzynarodowione niż te zlokalizowane w regionach wewnętrznych, nieposiadających granic z krajami sąsiadującymi.

EN

The article focuses on geographic distance to foreign markets affecting firm internationalisation. The main objective of the article is to verify whether geographic distance to the border (localisation of the firm) has an impact or effect on the internationalisation process. The V4 research survey results and the sample of 190 internationalised Polish businesses were used in order to meet the objective and verify the assumed hypothesis. The results of the Mann-Withney test, Student’s t test as well as ANOVA analysis prove that businesses operating in bordering regions are more internationalised than these operating in inner regions of Poland. Consequently, the research hypothesis was confirmed and all in all it is obvious from the foregoing evidence that the businesses localised in bordering regions are more internationalised than the firms localised in inner regions not having borders with neighbouring countries. The article is based on the survey results of the research project no. StG-21310034 entitled “Patterns of Business Internationalization in Visegrad Countries – In Search for Regional Specifics” conducted in the years 2013–2014 by five universities from Visegrad countries and coordinated by Cracow University of Economics

3

Internationalisation of Born Globals from The Theoretical Perspective

100%

Daszkiewicz N.

Problemy Zarządzania

|

2015

|

issue 1/2015 (51), t.2

70-81

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono ewolucję podejść teoretycznych do procesu internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw, zwłaszcza MŚP. Zaprezentowano definicje i cechy firm wcześnie umiędzynarodowionych (born global) oraz specyfikę ich internacjonalizacji. Celem artykułu jest omówienie procesu internacjonalizacji firm born global z perspektywy teoretycznej. Artykuł rozpoczęto od przedstawienia najstarszych podejść do procesu internacjonalizacji, a następnie ukazano zmiany zachodzące w globalnym otoczeniu ekonomicznym wpływające na zachowania międzynarodowe przedsiębiorstw oraz związane z tym zmiany w postrzeganiu born global i ich umiędzynarodowienia. W artykule podkreślono rolę wiedzy w internacjonalizacji born global. Z uwagi na bardzo obszerną literaturę w analizowanym obszarze przedstawiono tylko wybrane pozycje. Artykuł kończą wnioski podsumowujące, obejmujące krótkie przedstawienie dalszych możliwych kierunków badań.

EN

The paper discusses the evolution of theoretical approaches towards the internationalisation process of firms, especially SMEs. It clarifies the definitions of a born global (BG) firm, presents its characteristics and the specifics of its internationalisation process. The objective of this paper is to present the internationalisation process of a born global firm from a theoretical perspective. The article starts with the presentation of the oldest approaches towards internationalisation and shows how ongoing changes in the global economic environment have influenced international behaviours of firms as well as changed the researchers’ perception of BGs and their internationalisation process. The article highlights the role of knowledge in BGs’ internationalisation. Due to the magnitude of literature on BGs and their internationalisation, this article does not cover all of them. The article ends with conclusions and points to further opportunities and directions of research. This article came into being within the research project OPUS entitled: Patterns of internationalization of high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises, (UMO-2013/11/B/HS4/02135) 2014-2017.

4

Assessing the competitiveness of locations: A journey through the major theoretical insights

100%

Gugler P.

Economics and Business Review

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2019

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vol. 5 (19)

|

issue 3

EN

The concept of competitiveness has been addressed by economic theorists and policy makers for several hundreds of years, with both groups trying to understand the drivers of economic prosperity and social welfare. This contribution does not aim to address all theoretical thoughts that may contribute to understanding the roots of the competitiveness of locations. The goal is to address the major useful theoretical contributions that permit to identify the main drivers of a territory’s competitiveness and therefore to assess the competitiveness of a specific location according to strong criteria. The first section presents the major contributions found in the classical and neo-classical theories. The second section and the third section concentrate on two majors schools providing significant thoughts on the competitiveness of locations: the Economic Geography (EG) School and the International Business (IB) School.

5

Characteristic of Entities Subject to Corporate Tax and Structural Analysis of State Tax Revenues

100%

Słapczyński T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2018

|

issue 1

19-27

EN

Today taxes play a very important role, provide financial resources to the state budget and ensure its proper functioning. Taxes are the most important source of state income. In order for the state to develop and fulfill basic obligations towards citizens, it must have financial means at its disposal. The tax system, as a collection of taxes in a given country, must be created in a clear and transparent way so as to facilitate taxpayers' actions. The tax must be set at an appropriate level so that it does not adversely affect taxpayers, and must also provide adequate resources to the state budget. Corporate income tax, on the one hand, is a burden and a barrier to the development of legal persons who run a business, but is also a source of state budget revenue. Corporate income tax was introduced in Poland along with the establishment of a free market economy. This is an income tax that does not take into account the minimum tax-free amount and does not differentiate tax entities. Corporate income tax in Poland has undergone a number of important transformations, especially after the accession of Poland to the European Union. Tax rates have been systematically reduced since the early 1990s. Corporate income tax should be particularly convenient for entrepreneurs, and should not act destructively because the number of entrepreneurs in the state determines the level of economic and industrial development. This is even more important since, after Poland's accession to the European Union, the transfer of a business to another EU member state no longer constitutes a problem. Attractive income tax also attracts foreign investors for whom the aspect related to easy accounting is vital. The aim of the publication is to discuss the issues related to the Polish corporate income tax i.e. tax management in an enterprise, the application of discounts and exemptions and also issues related to state income from corporate income tax and the income lost due to relief and dismissals. The paper also touches upon issues related to the construction of Polish corporate income tax, subject, object and the basis of this tax. It also covers the scale and rates of taxation, exemptions and reductions from corporate tax and a summary of the efficiency and favorability of entrepreneurs for the provisions of this tax. The work is based on a critical analysis of literature on the subject.

6

Characteristic of Entities Subject to Corporate Tax and Structural Analysis of State Tax Revenues

100%

Słapczyński T.

Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law

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2018

|

vol. 22

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issue 1

19-27

EN

Today taxes play a very important role, provide financial resources to the state budget and ensure its proper functioning. Taxes are the most important source of state income. In order for the state to develop and fulfill basic obligations towards citizens, it must have financial means at its disposal. The tax system, as a collection of taxes in a given country, must be created in a clear and transparent way so as to facilitate taxpayers' actions. The tax must be set at an appropriate level so that it does not adversely affect taxpayers, and must also provide adequate resources to the state budget. Corporate income tax, on the one hand, is a burden and a barrier to the development of legal persons who run a business, but is also a source of state budget revenue. Corporate income tax was introduced in Poland along with the establishment of a free market economy. This is an income tax that does not take into account the minimum tax-free amount and does not differentiate tax entities. Corporate income tax in Poland has undergone a number of important transformations, especially after the accession of Poland to the European Union. Tax rates have been systematically reduced since the early 1990s. Corporate income tax should be particularly convenient for entrepreneurs, and should not act destructively because the number of entrepreneurs in the state determines the level of economic and industrial development. This is even more important since, after Poland's accession to the European Union, the transfer of a business to another EU member state no longer constitutes a problem. Attractive income tax also attracts foreign investors for whom the aspect related to easy accounting is vital. The aim of the publication is to discuss the issues related to the Polish corporate income tax i.e. tax management in an enterprise, the application of discounts and exemptions and also issues related to state income from corporate income tax and the income lost due to relief and dismissals. The paper also touches upon issues related to the construction of Polish corporate income tax, subject, object and the basis of this tax. It also covers the scale and rates of taxation, exemptions and reductions from corporate tax and a summary of the efficiency and favorability of entrepreneurs for the provisions of this tax. The work is based on a critical analysis of literature on the subject.

7

International Strategy as the Facilitator of the Speed, Scope, and Scale of Firms’ Internationalization

100%

Głodowska A., Pera B., Wach K.

Central European Management Journal

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2019

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vol. 27(3)

55-84

EN

Purpose: Strategy determines the patterns of internationalization. The speed, scale, and scope of internationalization are important dimensions from the perspective of firms’ behaviors and activ ities. The aim of the article is to identify and verify the relationship between the international strategy and its impact on three dimensions of the studied phenomenon. Methodology: The article uses a quantitative approach. The survey was conducted on a sample of 355 internationalized firms from Poland, varying in size. Findings: The analysis with t test and U test (ANOVA) shows a correlation between a company’s international strategy as a planning instrument and the speed and scope of internationalization. Research limitations/implications: While considering a firm’s development, especially its inter national growth, one should plan the activities related to entering into foreign markets. The results presented in this article are just a starting point for further analyses. In an attempt to eliminate its limitations, further research should focus on building a comprehensive model that includes the remaining components of international strategy and other categories that stimulate international ization processes. Originality: The originality of this article lies in three elements: (i) the article comprehensively captures the scale, scope, and speed of internationalization at the same time, (ii) the strategy is introduced as a determining factor of the scale, scope, and speed of internationalization, and (iii) the article enriches empirical studies about emerging markets such as Poland.

8

Problems With Gathering Information About Cultural Environment In International Business

88%

Madgerova R., Kyurova V., Atanasova A.

MIND Journal

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2017

|

issue 3

1-12

EN

One of the most significant problems in international marketing is the lack of good knowledge of the environment in which the product will be positioned. The factors of the cultural macroeconomic environment, along with other factors, have a particular importance because they influence the choice of the specific market and the right strategy for positioning the product. The purpose of this article is to raise the problems in managing the process of collecting information about cultural environment factors in international business and outlining ways to overcome them. In order to achieve the goal, the cultural environment factors have been considered and the results of a survey about the ways how the information about them is collected have been analyzed, and also the sources of information and emerging issues in process management. The research is based on the results of a questionnaire survey of managers and business owners. Statistical methods and methods of analysis and synthesis were used to research the problem.

9

Rozwój rynku usług outsourcingowych w państwach Europy Wschodniej

88%

Butyter D.

Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne

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2013

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vol. 13

95 - 104

EN

In the next ten years, it is likely that Eastern Europe will move from being an “emerging destination” to a key destination for outsourced activity. Outsourcing in Eastern Europe is facing many difficulties and challenges. But still during the last 10 years it has been growing rapidly. Romania and Ukraine recorded the largest growth in 2009 (in the post-global financial recession period). Hungary, Poland, Belarus, Czech Republic and Bulgaria followed closely. Upcoming trends in the Eastern European outsourcing sphere are likely to be consolidation and an increase in specialized services.

10

Societal View On Multinational Corporations

88%

Lytvynenko K.

MIND Journal

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2018

|

issue 6

1-10

EN

The article is devoted to the study of multicultural management in the context of its interaction with the societal system. The main attributes of culture, which affect the international business, are detected. External factors (for each element of the societal system) or a specific situation in a subsidiary (such as age or size) affects the results of a subsidiary and yields different results. Therefore, setting the same goals for a certain performance metric for each manager may not adequately assess its performance. There were characterized multicultural competence of a modern international manager. The key differences between MNCs and TNCs are revealed. Particular emphasis was put on the possibilities of using cultural differences within the global MNEs. The interactions of MNCs with elements of the societal system, positive results and negative consequences are analyzed. The economy itself today is multicultural. In fact, international management involves the planning, organization, management and control of employees and other resources to achieve organizational goals through unique multicultural and multinational boundaries.

11

The internationalization of Polish firms: an empirical investigation of the M-P relationship

88%

Karasiewicz G., Nowak J.

Faculty of Management Working Paper Series

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2014

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issue WPS 2/2014

1-32

EN

The purpose of this paper was to determine the nature of the relationship between multinationality and performance (M-P relationship) among Polish companies. It is based on a sample of over 300 Polish companies listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange, studied over two years (625 observations were used for statistical processing). Multiple regression and t-statistic analyses were applied to test three hypotheses. The dependent variable was company performance and the independent variable was the degree of company internationalization. A number of control variables were also incorporated in the regression models. The statistically significant results of the multiple regression analyses show that Polish companies experience a negative linear relationship between their degree of internationalization and performance for two variants of the dependent variable, and a non-linear, U-shaped relationship for one dependent variable. The results also show that companies operating on international markets achieve lower market-valuation results than their domestic counterparts, and companies with lower levels of multinationality perform better than those with higher levels of multinationality

75%

Trąpczyński P., Jankowska B., Puślecki Ł., Maleszewska Z., Franke M., Steger T.

Przegląd Europejski

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2023

|

issue 3(69)

111 - 129

EN

Legitimacy in foreign markets, a concept rooted in institutional theory, has traditionally been examined for firms originating from advanced economies. However, it becomes more complex for firms from emerging and post-transition economies. Polish firms began establishing foreign subsidiaries after the accession to the EU, primarily in European markets. In this context, Germany was a key destination for Polish foreign direct investment (FDI). However, scholarly literature about foreign subsidiaries established or acquired by Polish firms is limited. This article presents the analysis of the legitimation strategies employed by post-transition country firms in advanced economies, using Polish subsidiaries in Germany as empirical cases. The empirical context is chosen due to its economic significance and the close linkages between Poland and Germany. With a conceptual framework, the authors synthesise legitimation strategies discussed in scholar literature and highlight some unique challenges for post-transition economy’s firms. The article presents outcomes from a qualitative study, extending the framework and offering some fresh perspectives in the field of international business legitimacy.

18

Kompleksowe dzieło o finansach biznesu międzynarodowego

71%

Gorynia M.

Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

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2018

|

vol. 46

|

issue 1

99-103

EN

The article is a review of the book of Professor Jan Rymarczyk, Finanse biznesu międzynarodowego (International Business Finance), which is found by the Author to be a fundamental work, which derives from the importance of international business in con-temporary world economy, and also the wide range and degree of insight of the raised issues.

PL

Artykuł jest recenzją książki prof. Jana Rymarczyka, Finanse biznesu międzynarodowego, którą autor określa jako dzieło fundamentalne, co wynika ze znaczenia biznesu międzyna-rodowego we współczesnej gospodarce światowej, a także z szerokiego zakresu oraz stop-nia wnikliwości podjętych zagadnień. Silną stroną pracy jest waga i aktualność podejmowa-nej problematyki i jej zakres, struktura oraz poprawny, prawidłowy i zrozumiały język. Temat został ujęty w sposób oryginalny, a jednocześnie w sposób nawiązujący do tradycji dobrych podręczników z zakresu finansów biznesu międzynarodowego.

19

Protekcjonizm regulacyjny we współczesnym handlu międzynarodowym

71%

Puślecki Z. W.

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

|

2018

|

issue 2

65-79

PL

Celem głównym opracowania jest przedstawienie protekcjonizmu regulacyjnego zniekształcającego i ograniczającego współczesny handel międzynarodowy. Ważna jest zatem harmonizacja i wzajemne uznawanie norm szczególnie w zakresie barier technicznych i XXI wieku coraz większego znaczenia nabierają porozumienia bilateralne. Obejmują one już ponad 70% handlu zliberalizowanego. Wyraźnie zwiększyła się rola grupy G20. Zarówno WTO, jak i grupa G20 powinny wspólnie podejmować i koordynować wysiłki na rzecz zasad promujących nie tylko handel międzynarodowy państw wysoko rozwiniętych, ale rozszerzających również dostęp do rynku światowego państw rozwijających się. Poprzez wspieranie zasad handlowych w systemie globalnym wzmacniać się będzie legitymizacja funkcjonowania grupy G20, a zreformowany system światowej wymiany handlowej i zmodyfikowane zarządzanie tym systemem w ramach WTO z uwzględnieniem specyficznych interesów poszczególnych państw może przyczyniać się do dalszego dynamicznego rozwoju.

EN

The main goal of the study is to discuss regulatory protectionism that distorts and restricts contemporary international trade. Therefore, it is important to harmonizetrade standards and recognize them internationally, especially with respect to technical barriers. In the 21st century, bilateral agreements are becoming increasingly important. They already account for over 70% of liberalized trade. The role of the G20 group has clearly increased. Both the WTO and G20 should jointly undertake and coordinate efforts to develop the principles that would promote not only international trade of developed countries but also increase access of developing countries to the global market. The promotion of global trade rules will increase the legitimacy of the G20 group and the reformed global trade system whereas its modified management within the WTO framework, which will take into account the specific interests of individual countries, may contribute to further dynamic development.

20

Europeanisation of European Businesses: Economies of Scope and Managerial Implications

63%

Wach K.

Horyzonty Polityki

|

2016

|

vol. 7

|

issue 19

151-172

PL

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:The article takes as objective the identification and evaluation of the current state-of-the-art and tendencies of Europeanisation of European businesses and onceptualisation of modelling the Europeanisation process of businesses and their strategies. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Although initiated in the political sciences, since the beginning of 21st century the research into the phenomenon of Europeanisation has been more and more confidently entering the economic sciences. The study is based on a typical literature review using the conventional research methods of deduction, reduction, synthesis and theoretical modelling. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: On the one hand, the presented discussions have a character of creative synthesis and systematics of the output of economic sciences within the scope of business Europeanisation, which includes three overlapping areas, namely the theory of the firm, the theory of internationalisation and the theory of international entrepreneurship, all of them developed both in economics and in management. On the other hand, the work is an attempt of the conceptualization of the business Europeanisation process in the holistic, inter-disciplinary representation. The search for universal determinants and mechanisms of business Europeanisation was determined by several purposes which were achieved in the course of the undertaken research works. RESEARCH RESULTS: The article proposes a conceptual framework to analyse Europeanization of a firm in its business environment, with its internal characteristics such as competitiveness and flexibility to focus on the factors, mechanisms, fields and sense of Europeanization. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the in-depth literature study and as the contribution the Author suggest that Europeanization strategies are assigned into four fields of an adapted internationalization matrix: Pan-European, Sub-European, Euromultiterritorial and Eurominimalistic strategies.

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article takes as objective the identification and evaluation of the current state ‑of‑‑the ‑art and tendencies of Europeanisation of European businesses and onceptualisation of modelling the Europe‑anisation process of businesses and their strategies. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Although initiated in the political sciences, since the be‑ginning of 21st century the research into the phenomenon of Europeanisation has been more and more confidently entering the economic sciences. The study is based on a typical literature review using the conventional research methods of deduction, reduction, synthesis and theoretical modelling. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: On the one hand, the presented discussions have a character of creative synthesis and systematics of the output of economic sciences within the scope of business Europeanisation, which includes three overlapping areas, namely the theory of the firm, the theory of internationalisation and the theory of international entrepreneurship, all of them developed both in economics and in management. On the other hand, the work is an attempt of the conceptualization of the business Europeanisation process in the holistic, inter‑disciplinary representation. The search for universal determinants and mechanisms of business Europeanisation was determined by several purposes which were achieved in the course of the undertaken research works. RESEARCH RESULTS: The article proposes a conceptual framework to analyse Europeanization of a firm in its business environment, with its internal characteristics such as competitiveness and flexibility to focus on the factors, mechanisms, fields and sense of Europeanization. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the in‑depth literature study and as the contribution the Author suggest that Europeanization strategies are assigned into four fields of an adapted internationalization matrix: Pan‑European, Sub‑European, Euromultiterritorial and Eurominimalistic strategies.

Refine search results

Internationalization process on the example of LVMH

Entrepreneurship without Borders: Do Borders Matter for International Entrepreneurship?

Internationalisation of Born Globals from The Theoretical Perspective

Assessing the competitiveness of locations: A journey through the major theoretical insights

Characteristic of Entities Subject to Corporate Tax and Structural Analysis of State Tax Revenues

Characteristic of Entities Subject to Corporate Tax and Structural Analysis of State Tax Revenues

International Strategy as the Facilitator of the Speed, Scope, and Scale of Firms’ Internationalization

Problems With Gathering Information About Cultural Environment In International Business

Rozwój rynku usług outsourcingowych w państwach Europy Wschodniej

Societal View On Multinational Corporations

The internationalization of Polish firms: an empirical investigation of the M-P relationship

SME Internationalization in Emerging Markets: Symbiotic vs. Commensal Pathways

How do demographics and basic traits of an entrepreneur impact the internationalization of firms?

Which resources and competences are in favour of an international strategy? A case of Polish firms

Human capital and its role in start-ups’ early internationalisation. An example of Polish new ventures

Ewolucja determinant podejmowania bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w Polsce

Polish subsidiaries in Germany – post-transition country firms' legitimation strategies

Kompleksowe dzieło o finansach biznesu międzynarodowego

Protekcjonizm regulacyjny we współczesnym handlu międzynarodowym

Europeanisation of European Businesses: Economies of Scope and Managerial Implications