Search results - CEJSH

1

ON THE MECHANISMS OF HUMAN INTERACTION

100%

Pazukhin R.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2007

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vol. 49

109-133

EN

Traditionally, we associate the language concept with that of communication. In practice, however, this conceptual link is treated by linguists too loosely and arbitrarily. In the current study, we try to render the relationship of language to communication more transparent and accurate. We start by confronting the properties of speaking with those of other modes of human interaction. Such an approach helps us to gain a more adequate insight into the nature of language, its origins and its role in our life.

2

UNIFORMNÁ TRANSPARENTNOSŤ VERZUS PRIRODZENOSŤ

100%

Žigo P.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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vol. 71

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issue 4

193 – 204

EN

The article points out a need to respect synchronic as well as diachronic aspect in explanatory description of the language system. Generalisations abot the contemporary state of language should have a synthesising character based on detailed knowledge about the reasons of departure from the uniform transparency in paradigms.

3

FENOMÉN NEPLNOVÝZNAMOVOSTI V JAZYKU

100%

Kačala J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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vol. 71

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issue 3

139 – 148

EN

The author examines auxiliarity on the level of lexical units. He views it like a counterpart to the language units with full lexical meaning and it is placed among the other phenomena of the asymmetrical arrangement of formal and semantic part of language units and signs. The author views auxiliarity as a normal part of the natural language and he sees its place in the sphere of asemantic or empty phenomena in language and on the other hand in the field of zero elements in language.

4

Is the Language Constitutive for Thinking

100%

Ofman T.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2008

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vol. 44

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issue 3-4

303-315

EN

In Rational Animals Davidson argues that language is constitutive for thinking, i.e. that thinking requires possessing the notion of thought or belief. This thesis is the point of departure for author's deliberations. He tries to show that on one interpretation this thesis leads to surprising consequences. Even if a child acquires a language, it is possible that he/she doesn't think, because it is not necessary to acquire the notion of thought to possess linguistic abilities. To deal with this difficulty the author suggests that the ability to think be redefined as the ability to manipulate internal representations.

5

OBRAZ A TEXT, VZTAHY A ODLIŠNOSTI. ROLE JAZYKA VE VIZUÁLNÍCH OBORECH

100%

Dytrtová K.

ESPES

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2024

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vol. 13

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issue 1

106 - 131

EN

The paper explores the relationships and distinctions between pictorial and linguistic symbolic systems. It addresses the issue of the interplay between these media and symbolic systems. The paper explains why we cannot speak of any “pure” approaches and why it is necessary to be familiar with these mixed strategies. The central hypothesis is based on the idea of mutual "lending" of strategies and influences, leading to the emergence of a "new homogeneity," or a new semanticity and conceptualization. The main question posed is: How does the linguistic symbolic system influence images, and how does the image symbolic system, in turn, influence language under contextual pressures? The first objective is to identify and analyse suitable examples of these pressures and “borrowings” to determine the domains of language and imagery. The analysis seeks to understand when these symbolic systems are most effective in their functions, when they exchange strategies, and what new meanings arise from this exchange. The second objective, derived from the first, is to defend the irreplaceability of the unique “message of the samples” (images) and how they symbolically create their version of the world in an irreplaceable way through words. Additionally, the paper aims to define a functional and irreplaceable space for words within the realm of visual art.

6

The relationship between the language and the national identity according to Ukrainian students of Polish origin

100%

Kijewska A.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2004

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vol. 39

267-283

EN

The article was written on the basis of the statements made by Ukrainian students of Polish origin recorded between 2001 and 2002. The speakers supported an opinion that was incomprehensible to most of the native speakers of Polish: one neither needs to know the mother tongue of a given nation nor speak it on a regular basis to feel a rightful member of the nation (the knowledge of Polish is not necessary to feel a Pole and, correspondingly, one does not need to speak Ukrainian to feel a Ukrainian). Therefore, contrary to what is generally believed, the language is not an indispensable component of national identity. Such a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of statements concerning the attitude towards Ukrainian in case of students declaring Ukrainian nationality and the attitude towards Polish in case of students declaring Polish nationality. The speakers' opinions on this subject vary depending on where they live in Ukraine. Regardless of that, the language may constitute a welding element for a multinational community. Such is the case with Russian among the Poles from the East studying in Poland though some of the students reject Russian as the national/official language in the country of their origin.

7

Sociolingvistická situace v Galicii

80%

Pickova L.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2007

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vol. 89

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issue 1

1-12

EN

Galicia is in the far north-west of the Iberian peninsula. It was an independent kingdom, until the mid-14th century, was Galician the language of the whole society. Since it had no native nobility or bourgeoisie, Galicia fell under permanent Castilian domination in the 13th century, with a significant influence on the use of the Galician, reduced exclusively for a private life in rural areas. In the 1950s begun the expansion of the education system and of the Castilian-language media, facilitated the generalized penetration of Castilian. Since 1981 it has possessed the status of an autonomous community within Spain. The autonomous government (Xunta) adopted a number of measures designed to promote the knowledge and use of Galician, but the effectiveness of the measures of Xunta is often questioned.

8

GERMANISMEN ALS EIN UNTRENNBARER BESTANDTEIL DES SLOWAKISCHEN

80%

Vilčeková K.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2015

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vol. 4

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issue 2

31 – 43

EN

The main topic of this contribution is germanisms which used to be, or still are, used in the Slovak language. The first part clarifies the notion of language contact, which is the basis of the formation of germanisms (and other transposed words). The next chapters show particular examples of germanisms, divided according to a variety of aspects – the semantic aspect, the Slovak dialects aspect, temporal and geographic aspect and finally the aspect of various language levels. The conclusion describes the possibilities and assets of the usage of germanisms in the teaching process of German language in schools.

9

The Function of Memory in Walter Benjamin's Philosophy

80%

Schollenberger P.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 1(49)

77-99

EN

For Walter Benjamin the problem of memory is the problem of interpretation. He was intrigued by the question if we are equipped with one memory that allows for various competing versions of the past (as was the case of Marcel Proust, carefully analysed by Benjamin) or whether the plural interpretation of the past is irreducible, because memory, entangled by its complicated relations to language and personal experience, establishes its own ultimate truth. Benjamin's answer is not straightforward. On one hand, our experiences are retained in an unambiguous form, on the other, however, when we recreate them and contemplate them they are subjected to the idiomatic medium of language. As a result our recollections are locked in a tug of war between a more or less accurate vision of the past and continually changing description of it, imposed by shifting application of general rules of language. The process of recollection is thus capable of creating and discovering new meanings of the past.

10

METAFORA V KOGNITÍVNOVEDNOM MODELOVANÍ

80%

Gáliková S.

World Literature Studies

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2011

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vol. 3 (20)

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issue 3

28 – 40

EN

There has been an ongoing intensive research of the nature of human mind in contemporary cognitive science. The author ś aim is to point out the role of metaphorical language in the experimental and theoretical mind studies. The analysis subject is to emphasize heuristic and argumentative function of metaphor in models of cognitive science representatives. Viability of this strategy appears by solving problems reaching beyond the imaginary boundaries of disciplines, f.e. reality-fiction, literal-metaphorical, text understanding, the nature of truth etc. putting significance on the function of metaphorical language in art, philosophy and science has become a great challenge for reconsidering traditional approaches to the study of human mind, body and reality.

11

MEMORY AND LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY

80%

Borbely C., Halasz P.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2008

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vol. 63

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issue 1

143-163

EN

The study surveys the most characteristic features of the cognitive impairments in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and their possible causes through a survey of memory and language impairments. TLE as a chronic neurological disorder most frequently causes manifest changes (usually decrease) in the unfolding and normal functioning of memorial and language processing systems. The impact of epilepsy on cognitive functioning is not negative in all respects always. In certain cases chronic epilepsy and its surgical treatment can release very efficient reorganizations and functional compensations that may decrease the negative cognitive consequences and may provide data on the late plasticity of the human brain.

12

ENDOGENE FAKTOREN IM FREMDSPRACHENERWERB

80%

Stančeková S.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2017

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vol. 6

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issue 1

39 – 52

EN

The article is focused on affective factors of second language acquisition process. We are focusing on positive emotions and attitudes. Theoretical part of the study is based on Riemer’s theory of endogenous factors and we pay more attention to some of them. The aim of a research study is to determinate positive emotions and attitudes of second language acquisition through the success and failure in German language. Research was done in 2015 and 2016 in elementary schools in Bratislava Petržalka, with the sample of 86 pupils studying German language and average age of 12.5 years. Sematic differential method and semantic selection test were used as a method for research. It appears, that success and failure of acquisition of German language, alternatively grade of German language is linked with emotions of acquisition of German language on the field of joy vs aversion.

13

NERIEŠITEĽNÝ PROBLÉM UNIVERZALIZMU V TUGENDHATOVEJ ANTROPOLÓGII

80%

Muránsky M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2017

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vol. 72

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issue 10

800 – 812

EN

The article draws on Tugendhat’s idea of the twofold character of truth resulting from the twofold structure of self-conciousness. When asking the question Who is a person?, there is always our implicit self-evidence present. And from Kant on we also ask explicit questions, such as How do we want to understand ourselves? And What is better for us? This articulation of the problem – a product of Enlightenment – involves a rejection of the traditionally shared truth about a person. Therefore, Tugendhat’s project includes the transformation of an implicitly valid universe of meaning into explicitly justified positions. Wittgenstein’s arguing that when thematising the limits of language we cannot transcend these limits is used to show that Tugendhat’s efforts to explicitly articulate the universal structure of understanding of the concept of a human being as a whole does have its implicitly shared cultural determinations, too.

14

Granice rozumienia. Istota słowa na podstawie „W drodze do języka” Martina Heideggera

80%

Kula L.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2019

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vol. 47

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issue 2

43- 57

EN

Language and word – these notions were among of the most important representations in Heidegger’s thought. Heidegger wanted to find the meanings of these notions and thus join a great tradition, but he also wanted to delve into first philosophy to retrieve lost notions. This investigation focused on language as the differentiating human activity. But he also realized that language was a mystery from beyond anything human, which, nevertheless, needed humans to express itself. In short, I want to explain what is the metaphysical consciousness in this transformation. I argue that it is the examination of fundamental words that will reveal the condition of being human and of being in general.

15

Ewolucja świadomości językowej Czechów po 1989 roku

80%

Hofmański W.

Bohemistyka

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 2

169 - 180

EN

This paper is devoted to the formation of the linguistic awareness of the Czechs after 1989. Rapid changes in the linguistic and paralinguistic reality of the past 25 years are associated with the Velvet Revolution and the division of Czechoslovakia. The most important changes in the linguistic awareness of the Czechs after 1989 are the gradual increase in the social acceptance of the colloquial language and lack of objection against the progression of brutalization of the language of public debate. This can be interpreted as the disappearance of the need to aestheticise the language and also as an aversion to, in its broadest sense, the Czech language culture. The most important change, however, seems to be a lack of awareness that the society is bilingual and that Czech-Slovak communication within the society is possible.

16

The Function of Language in Cognition

80%

Olech A.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2005

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vol. 14

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issue 2(54)

221-229

EN

The classic theory of knowledge is a theory of cognition concerning itself with propositions and concepts conceived either psychologically or logically. A semantically interpreted theory of cognition is a theory dealing with sentences and other verbal expressions. The author compares these two approaches and asks the question: When is it legitimate to transform a classic theory of knowledge into a semantic theory of knowledge? Or, to put the same problem in a different language: When is it legitimate to abandon logically or psychologically interpreted utterances and replace them with sentences and other linguistically interpreted expressions? Such replacement is tempting because propositions and notions lead to numerous, mostly insoluble, controversies, whereas syntactic and semantic formulations are by and large uncontroversial. It must be conceded, however, that such a replacement is not advisable before it has been shown on what conditions it can be executed without losing legitimacy.

17

MODEL JAZYKA V SYNCHRONNÍM A DIACHRONNÍM SMYSLU

80%

Raclavský J.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2017

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vol. 72

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issue 2

140 – 153

EN

Language can be modelled in various ways, highlighting either its social or systemic character. The author assumes that language is a normative phenomenon enabling speakers to communicate. At any particular time language is used, however, we are capable of determining the function which maps the expressions produced using this language to their meanings. In this contribution the author proposes a functional model of language in a synchronic sense. This model also resolves various complications with ambivalence, etc. Further, he also proposes a model of language in a diachronic sense as a function from possible worlds and time instants to languages in a synchronic sense. Thus the intuitive idea of language as a changing entity is captured. Both models are constructed to be the tools serving mainly the investigation of semantic properties of expressions of that language.

18

LANGUAGE AND SYSTEMS THEORY: CRITICAL REMARKS ON THE LUHMANNIAN CONCEPTION

80%

Calise S. G.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2020

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vol. 52

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issue 3

207 – 221

EN

This paper assesses Luhmann’s conception of language as structural coupling. Luhmann treated language as a medium, but also tried to incorporate the Saussurean concept of sign. The paper will deal with three conflictive points. The first one is the erasure of all psychic reference that Luhmann performs. The second issue is Luhmann’s refusal to consider language as a system. The third point poses the question about the ontological bases of language, in comparison to those of the auto-poietic systems.

19

KÁZEŇ V PRIESTORE NÁBOŽENSKEJ KOMUNIKAČNEJ SFÉRY

80%

Findra J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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vol. 71

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issue 3

129 – 135

EN

The author analyses content and formal structures of a sermon as an individual genre. He reasons that texts of religious communication sphere are not united on a base of a special religious style, but they are related to the several functional language styles.

20

COGNITIVE-INDIVIDUAL, LINGUISTIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES, AND SYNTACTIC ABILITIES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE

80%

Stranovská E., Munková D., Munk M., Sarmány-Schuller I.

Studia Psychologica

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2013

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vol. 55

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issue 4

273 – 287

EN

The research was aimed at finding the measure of influence of cognitive-individual variables (Need for Structure, Ability to Achieve Cognitive Structure, Self-Esteem, Cognitive Style ‘Category Width’), linguistic variables (Verbal Intelligence, Morphology Score), and demographic variables (Study-year, Grade, Living abroad) on syntactic abilities of students studying English language and culture at the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra. Subsequently, we investigated the relation between syntactic ability and chosen variables. We used the following research methods: PNS Scale (Thompson et al., 1992), AACS (Bar-Tal, 1994), RSES (Rosenberg, 1965), C-W (Pettigrew, 1958), I-S-T (Amthauer, 1953, in Halama, Tomková, 2005), and Syntactic Abilities Test (Užáková et al., 2010). Findings showed a negative correlation between syntactic abilities and Morphology Score, between Study-year, Morphology Score and Grade. A positive correlation was observed between syntactic ability and Verbal Intelligence, and a negative correlation between Verbal Intelligence and Need for Structure. The observed variables explain 34% variability of syntactic ability in foreign language.

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