Search results - CEJSH

1

Female Entrepreneurship – An Appropriate Response to Gender Discrimination

100%

Ascher J.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2012

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vol. 8

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issue 4

97-114

EN

This study aims to discuss one of the most significant economic and social developments in the world – the rise of the female entrepreneurship phenomenon. Women entrepreneurship needs to be studied as a separate field for two main reasons: (a). Female entrepreneurship is an important source of economic growth in creating new jobs and by being genetically different: women provide different solutions to management and business issues; (b). Female entrepreneurship has been neglected, particularly in business research. Although equal opportunity for men and women in the entrepreneurial field is not a reality in the short range, the progress towards its achievement could be facilitated by better understanding of the impact of female entrepreneurship on society and its contribution to economic growth. This study addresses the growth in female entrepreneurship in the developed and developing countries, explores primary motivational and other factors that influence female entrepreneurship, reviews the main obstacles facing the female entrepreneur, and finally makes recommendations to policy-makers to encourage and support such activity.

2

Umowy śmieciowe- ocena zagadnienia z punktu widzenia przedsiębiorcy

100%

Grzegorzewska-Mischka E., Sokołów T.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2012

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vol. 15

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issue 3(56)

70-77

EN

The article focuses on the general issues on the currently common practice to replace the employment contracts by civil-law contracts (commonly known as ‘junk contracts’) by Polish entrepreneurs. One of the aims of the paper was pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of such proceedings - both for the businesses and employees. Moreover, Authors intended to outline the other consequences of such actions, those of an economic and social aspect. Although the effects of common use of civil-law contracts among entrepreneurs might be of various kinds, it's vital to strongly underline that this type of contract is absolutely necessary and one cannot completely abandon them.

3

Dyskursy podstaw przedsiębiorczości

87%

Pląsek R.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2020

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issue 58

233-245

EN

The article discusses the discourses which describe entrepreneurship and market and state relations in the perspective of the social market economy in Polish Entrepreneurship Education textbooks. The author points out that dominant in the textbooks is the economic model of entrepreneurship. He also notes that the concept of social market economy, indicated in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the bedrock of the economic system, appears only in some textbooks.

4

Wyzwania definicyjne start-upów

85%

Andrejczuk M.

Górnośląskie Studia Socjologiczne. Seria Nowa

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2020

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vol. 11

54-66

EN

In recent years, with the development of entrepreneurship, a new concept has been coined - a start-up (or a startup). Because of the lack one common definition thereof, some questions emerge: Is any newly established company a start-up, or does this term refer only to companies fromthe branch/market sector of new technologies, or maybe there are other decisive requirements? The significance of this issue follows research and analysis of the entities are undertaken and also in the face of work on Prosta Spółka Akcyjna (a new legalform for economic entities of the discussed kind). The aim of the article is to present various ways of defining start-ups present in the subject literature, but also in various initiatives and activities organized in the start-up community. On this basis, an attempt is made to determine the boundary conditions of the concept of start-up and to characterize it

5

Testing Students’ Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as an Early Predictor of Entrepreneurial Activities. Evidence From the SEAS Project

80%

Zięba K., Golik J.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2018

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vol. 14

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issue 1

91-108

EN

Over the last forty years, since Bandura (1977) introduced the concept of self-efficacy, there have been a constantly growing number of research publications using this concept. Its early development resulted in the creation of a new construct of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) proposed for the first time by (Chen et al. 1998). Since then, many different groups of research concerning ESE have emerged - one of them is the study of ESE of students. With regard to this particular group, a recent tendency to study ESE in a pre-post setting can be noticed i.a. Karlsson, Moberg (2013), Shinnar, Hsu, Powell (2014), Ismail, Zain, Zulihar (2015). Due to the increasing interest in entrepreneurial self-efficacy research and the need to fill the gap in the literature with regard to European post-communist countries (and particularly – Poland) (Drnovsek, Wincent, Cardon, 2010), in this paper we present a brief overview of ESE research and pose the question whether ESE of Polish students can serve as an early predictor of their subsequent entrepreneurial activities, potentially leading them to nascent entrepreneurship. The research material was collected from the SEAS (Survey on Entrepreneurial Attitudes of Students) Project carried out at the Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdańsk University of Technology. The research sample was composed of 72 students - ESE was measured in a pre-post setting using a single item based on a five-point Likert scale. One of the research conclusions is that ESE manifested by student-beginners seems to influence their later entrepreneurial behavior in a statistically significant way - potentially making ESE a valuable early predictor of future entrepreneurial activities. In the concluding part of the study, limitations are discussed and future study developments are indicated.

6

Development of Small Business Sector in Slovakia in 1993-2006

80%

Ubreziová I., Wach K., Majorová M.

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

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2008

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vol. 7

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issue 1

144-162

EN

The main focus of the article is to elaborate on the importance and role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Slovak economy. The authors show the development tendencies of the SME sector in Slovakia in the years of 1993-2006. Where it was possible the authors enumerated the data for the year 2007. The paper analyses the state of the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises, seeking to understand the causes of its relative strength and weakness. The share of the SME sector in all the registered enterprises in Slovakia is convergent with the whole EU average and it amounts to 99.8%. In Slovakia the share of microenterprises amounts to 79.3% which is the lowest feature in the EU. It means that the situation in Slovakia seems to be better for the economy, as the microenterprises do not have significant impact on the national employment and the GDP. In Slovakia the share of SMEs in total employment is crucial and amounts to 61.2%. A present-day share of the SME sector in both export and import volumes is more than 1/3 of the total volume of foreign trade of Slovakia.

7

The Importance of Logistics in Creating Entrepreneurial Network Structures

80%

Wiśniewska-Sałek A.

Logistics and Transport

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2014

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vol. 21

33-40

EN

Building entrepreneurial companies is associated with taking actions to enable their general development, leading to application of innovative solutions, both in technology and management. Modern economy and pervasive crisis force entrepreneurs to search for alternative means for supporting the progress in order to be able to fight for customers against ‘foreign countries of cheaper production’ and, at the same time, to not being forced to use "drastic" methods of reducing production costs. This paper presents the already existing solutions that are not fully used in Polish reality, which are the network structures (clusters) that have beneficial economic impact and build integrated supply chains. The author is taking a theoretical attempt to connect concept of supply chains and clusters. Consolidation will relieve the individual companies and thereby will create opportunities to take new - common – actions, which together will create entrepreneurial network structure and bring individual benefits.

8

Attitude and self-esteem versus entrepreneurial intentions among young in Poland

80%

Stankiewicz K., Wasilczuk J.

Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

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2012

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vol. 1

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issue 1

37-50

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań dotyczących zależności pomiędzy postawami młodych Polaków wobec przedsiębiorczości oraz poczuciem własnej skuteczności, a gotowością do otwarcia własnej firmy. W tym celu zbadano dwie grupy respondentów: studentów pierwszego roku kierunku Zarządzania i Ekonomii Politechniki Gdańskiej, oraz uczniów ostatnich klas szkół średnich biorących udział w zajęciach z przedmiotu „przedsiębiorczość”. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły stwierdzić między innymi, że osoby oceniające się jako przedsiębiorcze, posiadające poczucie skuteczności, charakteryzują się gotowością do założenia własnej firmy. Podczas gdy, pozytywne postawy wobec przedsiębiorczości, występujące dość powszechnie w badanej grupie, nie przekładały się bezpośrednio na taką gotowość. Zaprezentowane w artykule badania będą kontynuowane w celu oceny występowania ewentualnych zmian wynikających z wpływu procesu edukacji na intencje przedsiębiorcze.

EN

The main aim of the paper is to present the relation between intentions to become an entrepreneurs among young polish people and the two factors with possible influence on it: self-efficacy and attitude towards entrepreneurship. Two groups of young people were examined: students enrolling the Management Faculty at Gdańsk University of Technology, and pupil from high schools, attending “Entrepreneurship” classes. It appeared that people who perceived themselves as self-efficacy reported to open own firm in the future more often than others. On the other hand the positive attitude towards entrepreneurship doesn’t seems to have an influence on reported intentions to become an entrepreneur. Those research will be continue to verify, how the studding process influence the readiness to become entrepreneurs among students.

9

The quality of the entrepreneurial attitudes among the students of the Faculty of Management at the University of Gdańsk. The pilot study

80%

Małgorzata Z. W., Anna S. T., Tatiana P.

Zarządzanie i Finanse

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2015

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vol. 2

121-132

EN

The quality of the entrepreneurial attitudes among the students of the Faculty of Management at the University of Gdańsk. The pilot study The aim of the article is to identify the attitudes of students with respect to entrepreneurship. The study has been conducted on the group of students from the Faculty of Management at the University of Gdansk. The students represent the different courses of studies. As a result, it has been found that the quality of entrepreneurial attitudes seems satisfactory. The majority of the students, regardless of the courses studied, show a positive attitude toward entrepreneurship and they are interested in running own business. However, only half of them believe that the faculty prepares them well for this task

10

Entrepreneurial activity drivers in the transition economies. Evidence from the Visegrad countries

80%

Zygmunt J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 1

89-103

EN

Research background: Entrepreneurship issues in the transition economies have attracted growing attention from scholars in recent years. However, the debate over the value of entrepreneurship in reinforcing structural change is still incomplete. The need for a more thorough approach is noticeable, taking into account drivers which determine entrepreneurial activity in the transition economies. The findings may be useful for recognising opportunities and threats of the development of these economies. Purpose of the article: This paper extends research on entrepreneurship in the transition economies by considering drivers of entrepreneurial activity. The aim of the paper is to investigate what drivers have their consequences for entrepreneurial activity in the Visegrad countries. As the Visegrad countries represent a unique context, because they faced a similar structure at the beginning of the transition process, a valuable insight can be gained by focusing on them. Methods: Hypothesis development is based on the literature review. Fixed effects panel regression was employed for hypothesis testing. Panel data consists of 440 observations for the Visegrad countries for the 2004-2014 period. To control for autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, Durbin-Watson test and Wald statistic were used, respectively. Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the existing literature by presenting an analysis of drivers having their impact on entrepreneurial activity in the Visegrad countries. It provides new insights on understanding of the entrepreneur-ship issues in the transition economies. The main finding is that entrepreneurial activity in the Visegrad countries is determined significantly by the economy structure and human capital. However, the significance and the intensity of these effects are different. The findings may be interesting for policymakers in particular. Shifting from general entrepreneurship support towards a focus on promoting entrepreneurial behaviour among high-skilled workers should be considered. Fostering networking, collaboration and internalisation should be regarded for knowledge transfer and spillover enhancement.

11

Do SME?s innovation strategies influence their effectiveness of innovation? Some evidence from the case of Podkarpackie as peripheral region in Poland

80%

Lewandowska A., Stopa M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 3

521-536

EN

Research background: Innovation is a very important pillar within a knowledge-based economy, in the regional and local perspective as well. A literature review on innovation and SME innovation strategies to their correlation and the possibility of their joint examination. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to explore the SME?s innovation strategies and their impact on effectiveness of innovation in a peripheral region. We investigate the effects of innovation activities not only among small and medium, but also micro firms which are not covered in official innovation surveys by the national statistical offices. We proposed a model of implementing innovation, and tested our hypotheses. Methods: Research was based on data drawn from CATIs carried out among 419 firms, therefore making a conceptual contribution to the knowledge on innovation strategy. The main statistical test for relationships and dependencies was the chi-square independence test. To arbitrate whether there were statistically significant differences between medians due to different factors among enterprises, analysis for variance (H Kruskal-Wallis? test for k independent samples) procedure was implemented. Findings & Value added: The results of our research show that among SMEs in peripheral regions dominated those which we call ?pragmatists? and ?imitators? in context of their approach towards innovation. The significance of objective factors showed that there was a lack of enterprises that could play the role of ?creators of innovation? in the peripheral region. However, the examined firms more often noticed positive than negative aspects of introduced innovations, which is determined by the scale of enterprise; they were focused mainly on the consequences of innovation for their products and services.

12

Identifying students’ entrepreneurial aspirations in the tourism and recreation industry

80%

Sidorkiewicz M.

Turyzm

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2020

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vol. 30

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issue 2

79-84

EN

The aim of the article, in theoretical terms, is to investigate aspirations for entrepreneurship among students. In empirical terms, the objective is to determine the levels of aspiration in the field of entrepreneurship among students with a tourism and recreation profile in the business area related to their degree. In other words the scale of their willingness to set up their own business in the tourism and recreation industry. To achieve its goal, primary research was conducted using the questionnaire method (114 students of Tourism and Recreation took part). Moreover, desk research was used in the form of literature analysis, ‘logical operations’ and observation (especially in referring to practical aspects). The article consists of four substantive parts, an introduction and a conclusion. The results of the research show that the level of entrepreneurship aspiration among the students surveyed is high. The majority (89%) plan to set up their own business in the future in the area of tourism and recreation (76%), most often in the accommodation industry, event organisation or catering.

13

Przedsiębiorczość strategiczna a przewaga konkurencyjna przedsiębiorstwa

80%

Szarucki M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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issue 856

73-90

EN

The aim of the article was to present the concept of strategic entrepreneurship in the creation of an enterprise’s competitive advantage. The nature of competitive advantage and its source are first presented, followed by a description of the theoretical background of the rise of the concept of strategic entrepreneurship. In addition, a model of strategic entrepreneurship is presented and its components described. The last section offers guidelines an enterprise may follow when employing the concept of strategic entrepreneurship in creating lasting competitive advantage.

14

Startup as Type of Enterprise Within the Debate on the Capitalism in Poland

80%

Andrejczuk M., Jałukowicz T.

Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 12

113-133

EN

In recent years we have seen many signs of growing interest of ‚startups' all over the world and in Poland as well as a growing number of new businesses, named ‚startup', which is business ventures, operating in the broad IT/digital economy sector. The goal of the article is to improve understanding of the operations of startups, in the conditions of Polish capitalism. The specific objectives are review of theoretical approaches and their adaptability to the startup analysis and comparison with the data about main characteristics new type of entrepreneurs in Poland - startup owner's.

15

Nauczanie przedsiębiorczości w polskich szkołach średnich – koncepcja, realizacja, rekomendacje

80%

Bień I.

Studia BAS

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2022

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issue 2(70)

147-163

EN

The article presents assumptions for teaching entrepreneurship as a key competence in Polish secondary schools. The author refers to the general and specific objectives of the subject “Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship” included in the current core curriculum for secondary schools and analyses the results of studies on the knowledge and competences of entrepreneurship among Polish students as well as studies on the evaluation of lessons on this subject conducted in schools. Moreover, the paper describes innovative projects supporting entrepreneurship education in secondary schools and recommendations of various entities on how to improve the quality of education in this area.

16

Geneza i rozwój wielkopolskiego samorządu gospodarczego na przykładzie Izby Przemyslowo-Handlowej w Poznaniu

80%

Kmieciak R.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2016

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issue 2(359)

83-102

EN

Apart from territorial self-government a crucial role in the process of development of local administration falls to economic self-government which includes economic associations which support entrepreneurs. Economic self-government is a public law organization. In Poland for over a quarter of a century two different tendencies have been confused: the right to freedom of association and the right to manage one’s interests. Whereas the principle of voluntariness that follows from the right to freedom of association does not lead to any objections regarding associations, it is undoubtedly contradictory to the basic aspects that express the essence of public corporations. Economic self-government must therefore be treated as a democratically elected, general and preferably apolitical representation of the milieu of entrepreneurs which is a partner of both state administration and territorial self-government. And that is how it was organized in the interwar period. In Greater Poland economic self-government was for many years a particularly important representative of the interests of the milieu of entrepreneurs. It functioned within the framework of three structures: chambers of industry and commerce, chambers of crafts and trades and chambers of agriculture. Their dynamic development from the very onset of Poland’s independence resulted largely from the fact that the Polish employer used and creatively developed the Prussian experiences in this field. The text provides a detailed characterization of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce in Poznań.

17

Przedsiębiorczość i edukacja ku przedsiębiorczości z perspektywy nauczycielek przedszkola oraz studentek pedagogiki Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego

80%

Marta Kondracka-Szala M.

e-mentor

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2015

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issue 5 (62)

4-14

EN

Undertaking the matter of entrepreneurship and education towards entrepreneurship comes across as essential due to contemporary objectives of education, namely, to equip with this crucial competence. Empirical activities in this regard should fill in the existing deficit, helping in clarification of these notions. It is significant particularly with reference to the preschool education as a stage when children deal with the set of crucial competences and, in consequence, with reference to current and future teachers of nursery schools. The aim of the research was to explore the ways of understanding the notions of „entrepreneurship”, „enterprising person”, and „education of entrepreneurship” and assessment of the experiences of the researched in this regard. The research embraced Internet questionnaire. The examined persons most often understand the entrepreneurship in a wider context, as the set of life-long competences, not only in a narrow, economic meaning. Moreover, majority of respondents consider themselves as enterprising persons, despite the fact that in their reception they were not given enough opportunities to do so during their formal education, particularly at the stage of their studies. The researched rather explicitly stress the need to educate future teachers of preschools and children within entrepreneurship, a competence useful in life, regardless of profession etc. Empirical analyses of this area has cognitive and utilitarian significance, as it predominantly exposes the issue of entrepreneurships from a rarely expressed perspective. In the future it can equally contribute to the improvement of the quality of educating future teachers of nursery schools and the level of educating pre-school children towards entrepreneurship.

18

Personality: Blessing or Curse? The Entrepreneur’s Path from Personal to Leadership Competencies

80%

Forster M., Parrer P., Wöss N. M.

Organizacija

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2013

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vol. 46

|

issue 5

221-231

EN

This paper is based on a study which investigates the relevance of management competencies in Austrian organizations, focusing on start-ups. The study as well as the existing literature confirms that personal competencies such as ambition, selfconfidence or assertiveness are perceived as more important by start-ups than by established companies. However, further results of the paper show that especially leadership competencies play a major role in developing a growing start-up whereas personal competencies fade into the background and can even have a negative impact on turnover growth. In general, the paper discusses special characteristics of competence classes for start-ups and examines differences and similarities in comparison to established companies. As it has already been indicated, the evidence leads to different and surprising considerations for entrepreneurs and growing start-ups.

19

Środowisko uczelni a postawy przedsiębiorcze studentów – wyniki badań pilotażowych

80%

Arent A., Walczyna A.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2014

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vol. nr 3

5--21

EN

The article contains selected part of the results of the pilot study on students’ enterprising attitudes, focused primarily on the importance of higher education institutions in shaping these attitudes. The model of a generalized entrepreneurship process was used in the study. In this model, the emergence of enterprising intent is a result of the impact of varied preceding factors, including the environment of higher education institutions. The results of the pilotage allowed to determine the attitudes of an analyzed group of students towards undertaking business activities. They also enabled preliminary verification of assumptions on the existence of ties between the selected features and presented intents and their determinants.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wybraną część wyników badań pilota-żowych, dotyczących postaw przedsiębiorczych studentów, ze szczególnym uwzglę-dnieniem znaczenia uczelni w ich kształtowaniu. W badaniach wykorzystany został model uogólnionego procesu przedsiębiorczości, w którym powstanie intencji przed-siębiorczej jest wynikiem oddziaływania zróżnicowanych czynników poprzedzają-cych, w tym środowiska uczelni. Wyniki przeprowadzonego pilotażu pozwoliły na określenie postaw badanej grupy studentów wobec podejmowania działalności gospodarczej, a także wstępną weryfikację założeń o istnieniu związków pomiędzy wybranymi cechami a prezentowanymi intencjami oraz ich determinantami.

20

Country’s Development as a Determinant of Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity

80%

Marič M., Žnidaršič J., Uhan M., Dimovski V., Ferjan M., Djurica M., Jeraj M., Janežič M.

Organizacija

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2013

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vol. 46

|

issue 3

75-86

EN

Our study is built on the dependence of early-stage entrepreneurial activity on GDP per capita, GDP real growth rate, unemployment rate, inflation rate, investments and public debt of different countries. We divide the early-stage entrepreneurial activity into necessity-driven and improvement-driven opportunistic entrepreneurial activity. To establish the dependencies we have conducted the regression analyses. Our three main findings are: (a) early-stage entrepreneurial activity does depend on our predictors; (b) necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity is negatively correlated to country’s development; and (c) improvement-driven opportunistic entrepreneurial activity is positively correlated to country’s development.

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