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EN
The research of contemporary theory of educational change development by Ukrainian authors and its place in pedagogical science are highlighted in the article, the role of Ukrainian reformology in the national educational changes strategies’ evolution is identified, the main directions of research and experimental activity in Ukraine in the educational changes context are characterized. It is proved that systemic analysis of foreign educational change theory is presented in the works by Ukrainian researches. The conceptual issues of foreign educational change theory as well as the ideas of Ukrainian reformers constitute the foundation of national education development strategy. It is revealed that scientific rationalism and axiological approaches prevail in the activity of modern strategies for educational changes in Ukraine. Research and experimental activity as a basis for productive internal change in the experience of organization is recognized a primary requirement that ensures effectiveness of Ukrainian educational changes strategies. It is concluded that educational change in Ukraine followed the development of the native reformology and pedagogical innovation. In the works of Ukrainian researchers is presented a systematic analysis of the theory of foreign educational changes which is made by the adaptation of the basic assumptions of the theory to the Ukrainian realities. The provisions of the foreign theories of educational change, ideas of native reformologists are the basis of formation of national strategies for educational development. The advantage of scientific rationality and axiological approach in the formation of modern strategies of educational change in Ukraine is revealed Experimental and research activity (first of all innovative) as the basis of productive efficiency of internal changes in the organization is recognized as a priority condition of effectiveness of the national strategies of educational change. The main form of experimental research activities in Ukraine are innovative educational projects whose implementation takes place at national, regional, institutional levels.
EN
This paper discusses how teachers should be encouraged to lead in educational change through reflection based on Habermas’s theory of communicative action and discourse ethics. Habermas’s theory has much potential to help teachers to be leaders by contributing to the success of educational change and reform projects through reflection. By identifying the nature, scope, object and tradition of reflection and reflective practice, this paper explains the conception of reflection for teachers. It argues that teachers can be leaders in educational change through teacher reflection which promotes democratic interactions and communications among stakeholders of education.
PL
The main aim of the article is to present selected international education programmes implemented in Poland (International Baccalaureate, Advanced Placement, International General Certificate of Secondary Education) in the context of educational change. The background of the analyses is the metamorphoses in the Polish education system after the period of political transformation. Literature in the field of education policy, theory of educational systems, normative documents of educational law, European Union directives and programme documents of international organizations conducting and accrediting IB, AP, and IGCSE programmes were used for the research. The author argues that the educational change that took place after 1989 in the organization and structure of the education system made it possible to implement international education programmes and contributed to the democratization and socialization of the Polish education system. Currently, international education programmes constitute an attractive educational offer that provides a chance for continuing education at renowned foreign universities, makes it possible to efficiently find oneself on the global labour market, and also prepares young people to be active members of civil society, guided by such values of political and social life as respect for human rights, democracy, solidarity, freedom of speech, and tolerance.
EN
This article reveals the educational change in Finland in the context of multiliteracy. Multiliteracy is one of the seven transversal competences introduced by the Finnish basic education curriculum reform between the years 2012 and 2016. School multiliteracy is developed through cross-subject studies with the usage of particular language. There are involved various texts during teaching to prepare well-educated global citizens who are able to to overcome obstacles of the contemporary world and to follow the global changes in a job market. Multiliteracy helps prepare a global citizen with the skills of global lingua franca.
EN
Pre-service teacher training offers various opportunities for trainees to become aware of and understand the qualities of good teaching. Towards the end of their training they should be able to identify clearly the criteria for measuring their readiness for teaching profession as well as identify their own strong and weak areas. The author of this article presents the results of the study where the aim was to focus on the trainees′ perception of themselves as English language teachers based on the criteria of the EPOSTL at the end of their training when trainees receive their diploma for teaching the English language.
PL
Artykuł zwraca uwagę na historyczne i polityczno-prawne aspekty zmian wprowadzanych w systemie edukacji Singapuru. Reformy edukacyjne w tym kraju doprowadziły do ukształtowania wysoce efektywnego systemu edukacji światowej klasy. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie kluczowych programów polityki edukacyjnej rządu, które przyczyniły się do przejścia kraju z poziomu trzeciego świata na lidera przez pryzmat edukacyjnej zmiany. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy, deskryptywny i w perspektywie temporalnej zwraca uwagę na główne zmiany w organizacji i funkcjonowaniu systemu edukacji. Wyodrębniono pięć faz polityki edukacyjnej, eksponując specyficzne cechy każdej. Ocena efektywności strategii przyjętej przez Singapur została dokonana w kontekście kultury politycznej Singapuru.
EN
The article draws attention to historical, political and legal aspects of the changes introduced in the Singapore education system. Educational reforms in this country have led to the formation of a highly effective system, i.e. world-class education. The aim of the article is to indicate some key programs of the government’s educational policy that have contributed to the country’s transition from the third world level to a leader of the first-world level. The article is a descriptive overview set in a temporal perspective. As such, it highlights the main changes in the organization and the functioning of the education system. Its five phases have been isolated and their specific features have been described. The effectiveness of the strategy adopted by Singapore has been assessed in the context of its political culture.
EN
The article presents a review of a key Polish and English literature about barriers in educational change. The aim of the review was an answer to the following question: what are the main categories of barriers in educational changes in academic papers? For the review purposes three levels of barrier appearance were distinguished: macro, mezzo and micro. At the macro level a state educational policy was most often indicated as well as the paradigm that dominates in education. At the mezzo level the educational policy of local self-government was mentioned as well as the school culture, hyper-innovativeness, organisational and leadership issues, teachers education and resources need for making a change. The micro level includes teachers’ resistance against a change, the status of teachers-innovators and teachers’mental incapacitation.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia przegląd kluczowej polskiej i anglojęzycznej literatury dotyczącej barier zmiany edukacyjnej. Celem przeglądu była odpowiedź na pytanie: jakie są główne kategorie barier zmiany edukacyjnej wymieniane w piśmiennictwie naukowym? Na potrzeby przeglądu wyróżniono trzy poziomy występowania barier: poziom makro, mezo i mikro. Na poziomie makro najczęściej wskazywano na politykę oświatową państwa oraz dominujący w edukacji paradygmat. Na poziomie mezo wskazywano na politykę oświatową samorządu, kulturową oczywistość szkoły, szkolną kulturę, hiperinnowacyjność, kwestie organizacyjne i związane z przywództwem, edukację nauczycieli oraz zasoby potrzebne do przeprowadzenia zmiany. Na poziomie mikro wyróżniono opór nauczycieli wobec zmian, sytuację nauczycieli-innowatorów oraz ubezwłasnowolnienie mentalne nauczycieli.
RU
В статье рассматривается историография вопроса изучения реформирования образования в контексте возникновения нового раздела педагогической науки – теории реформирования.
EN
The article deals with historiography of studying education reforming in the context of an education reforming theory as a new section in Russian pedagogics.
EN
This article presents Finnish educational changes in the context of The Nordic Model of Social Democracy improved since 1963 versus English model of Neoliberal Democracy based on conservatism since 1979 with its roots in the late eighteenth century in Europe. The reform of education in Finland was supported by a new curriculum and different methods of teaching. In 1963 students started to have an access to the highest-quality education and it was not related to students’ place of living, richness or annual income. On the other side in England, privatization and centralization were the main pillars of the reform with neoliberalism, neoconservatism and its market competition in education. The central government was responsible for the provision of educational services, educational policy, and planning the direction of the educational system. Teachers faced an ultimatum: “either submit to re-education or lose your job” (Jones, p. 43). The 1988 reform strengthened the ideological control of education and accelerated differentiation between schools.
PL
Artykuł demonstruje zastosowanie analizy pola semantycznego do interpretacji danych z wywiadów, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem integracji metod ilościowych. Celem badania było ustalenie, w jaki sposób studenci uczestniczący w tutoringu akademickim rozumieją termin „tutoring akademicki” i jakie znaczenia z nim wiążą. W badaniu sformułowano następujące pytanie badawcze: „Jakie wyobrażenia o tutoringu w kontekście jego kontekstów i znaczeń mają studenci w nim uczestniczący?”. Podstawę badawczą stanowiły transkrypcje dwóch wywiadów fokusowych przeprowadzonych z 11 tutorantami. Do analizy wyników badań zastosowano podejście jakościowe i ilościowe - metodę analizy pola semantycznego. Tłem analizy była koncepcja konstruktywistyczna, która jest zakorzeniona w kreatywnej roli języka. Wnioski z analizy wskazują, że dzięki rekonstrukcji sieci znaczeń możliwe jest trafniejsze zdefiniowanie pojęcia tutoringu z perspektywy studentów uczestniczących w programie. Wyniki tych badań stanowią wkład w badania z zakresu nauk społecznych związanych z rozwojem człowieka, będąc jednocześnie źródłem rekomendacji dla szerszego uwzględnienia strategii edukacji spersonalizowanej w szkolnictwie wyższym.
EN
This article demonstrates the application of semantic field analysis to the interpretation of interview data, with a particular focus on the integration of quantitative methods. The aim of the study was to determine how students participating in academic tutoring understand the term "academic tutoring" and what meanings they attach to it. The study formulates the following research question: "What images of tutoring in terms of its contexts and meanings do student participants in it, have?" The research base consisted of transcripts of two focus interviews conducted with 11 tutees. A qualitative and quantitative approach was used to analyse the research results - the method of semantic field analysis. The background of the analysis was the constructivist concept, which is rooted in the creative role of language. The conclusions of the analysis indicate that thanks to the reconstruction of the network of meanings, it is possible to define the term tutoring from the perspective of students participating in the program in a more accurate way. The results of these studies contribute to research in the field of social sciences related to the development of humans, while at the same time being a source of recommendations for a wider inclusion of personalised education strategies in higher education.
EN
An innovative teacher is a specialist who is open to novelties, competent, reliable and respected. His approach to the surrounding reality and students is creative. He is kind, friendly and helpful in creating the educational and professional feature of his pupils. He is able to solve problems, and primarily he is open to changes. He also takes care of the development of his students. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the survey done among the teachers from a junior high school, concerning the tasks of a teacher – innovator. The highest percentage of the teachers asked are aimed at their own development. It is the result of self-education and self-improvement, but essentially, it takes place while participating in various forms of improvement.
PL
Nauczyciel innowator to specjalista, otwarty na nowości, kompetentny, godny zaufania i szacunku. Ma kreatywne podejście do otaczającej go rzeczywistości i uczniów. Jest życzliwy, przyjacielski i pomocny w kreowaniu przyszłości edukacyjnej i zawodowej swoich podopiecznych. Potrafi rozwiązywać problemy, a przede wszystkim jest otwarty na zmiany. Dba również o rozwój swoich uczniów. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie wyników opinii nauczycieli gimnazjum na temat realizacji zadań nauczyciela innowatora. Największy odsetek badanych ukierunkowany jest na własny rozwój. Następuje on w wyniku samokształcenia, samodoskonalenia, ale przede wszystkim poprzez uczestniczenie w różnych formach doskonalenia.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the results of a study on the meanings given by teachers to barriers to change in education. The participants of the qualitative interviews were 15 secondary school teachers. The article focuses on the barriers to change related to the teacher education system. As research participants believe, this problem consists of (1) lack of appropriate selection for the profession, (2) excessively theoretical education detached from school practice, as a consequence of which (3) teachers lack competencies and are unprepared for work in the profession, (4) they cannot cooperate with other teachers and are lonely at school, and (5) society lacks confidence in their work.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badania dotyczącego znaczeń nadawanych przez nauczycieli barierom zmiany w edukacji. Uczestnikami wywiadów jakościowych było 15 nauczycieli szkół ponadpodstawowych. W artykule skupiono się wyłącznie na barierach zmiany związanych z systemem kształcenia nauczycieli. W przekonaniu rozmówców na problem ten składają się: (1) brak odpowiedniej selekcji do zawodu, (2) kształcenie zbyt teoretyczne i oderwane od praktyki życia szkolnego, w konsekwencji czego (3) nauczyciele mają braki w kompetencjach i są nieprzygotowani do pracy w zawodzie, (4) nie potrafią współpracować z innymi nauczycielami i są samotni w szkole, zaś (5) w społeczeństwie brakuje zaufania do wykonywanej przez nich pracy.
Forum Oświatowe
|
2019
|
vol. 31
|
issue 1(61)
125-134
PL
Artykuł przedstawia raport z badań fenomenograficznych podjętych w ramach pracy doktorskiej analizującej, jak nauczyciele edukacji wczesnej wpisują zmiany swych praktyk w procesy transformacji kulturowej i społecznej. Dane pochodzą z pogłębionych wywiadów przeprowadzonych z 28 nauczycielami z Polski, Czech i Portugalii. Tytułowa koncepcja “gramatyki szkolnictwa” (Tyack i Tobin, 1994) została tu wykorzystana do pogłębienia rozumienia wpływu przestarzałych podstaw celów i funkcji szkolnictwa na praktyki nauczania.
EN
This paper reports on my dissertation research, a phenomenographic analysis of how elementary teachers in three countries did or did not change their teaching practices in response to the transformations of their cultures and societies. Data come from in-depth interviews with 28 elementary teachers from Poland, the Czech Republic and Portugal. The concept of the “Grammar of Schooling” proposed by Tyack and Tobin in 1994 was used to understand and explain how outdated conceptions of the aims and functions of school can exert a durable influence on teaching practices.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the differences in the way of thinking about educational change and its barriers between teachers-innovators and non-innovators. The former understood the concept of educational change in a more radical and profound way. In their statements, they demanded a breakthrough that was, in fact, a questioning of the dominant education model. Non-innovators would like transformations, but more moderate, minor ones that do not go beyond the area of the dominant model of education but can potentially facilitate or make the time spent by teachers and students at school easier or more enjoyable. Teachers-innovators more often focused on bottom-up sources of change, i.e., primarily on teachers and their students. Non-innovators focused rather on top-down sources of change, locating them in particular in state authorities, experts, and politicians, and the role of the market as an institution (in the sociological sense). Both groups also differed in terms of the barriers to change they mentioned. While the former mainly emphasized the importance of what hinders or prevents changes and is dependent on the teacher, the latter emphasized the role of issues independent of teachers. In order to explain the differences between the two groups of teachers, the article refers to the theories of W. Reckless and J.B. Rotter.
EN
This paper attempts to identify areas of knowledge about human nature that are invisible to educational policy. The analysis presented here is based on the concept of effective policy contrasted with the “blind” policy. The author examines the meanings of three vital educational categories: quality, excellence, and change. This article presents the dominant discourses of each category and the causes and consequences of the “silence” of alternative discourses.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę identyfikacji obszarów wiedzy o człowieku, które są niedostrzegane przez politykę oświatową. Fundamentem przedstawionych tutaj analiz jest koncept efektywnej polityki przeciwstawiony polityce „ślepej”. Autor analizuje znaczenia trzech kluczowych kategorii praktyki i polityki edukacyjnej. Są nimi: jakość, doskonałość oraz zmiana. Przedstawiono tutaj dominujące dyskursy każdej z tych kategorii oraz przyczyny i skutki „milczenia” dyskursów alternatywnych.
EN
The article aims at identifying the roots of the dramatic changes which took place in the philosophy, curricula and methods of pre- and in-service teacher education in the early 1990s. Integration of teacher training programmes with university education, balanced introduction of theory and field experience, skills- and competence-based professional development of language teachers based on the concept of the reflective practitioner, trainee-centred teaching methodology, i.e. innovative solutions marking the breakthrough in language teacher education of the last decade of the 20th century were the result of advancements in the educational sciences, sociology, anthropology, psychology and philosophy. The main directions of influence exerted by each of these disciplines on teacher training programmes in the United States, Great Britain and countries of Central and Eastern Europe are discussed with special emphasis on developments which shape the language policy of the main European institutions at present and which are likely to continue exerting an impact in the near future.
PL
Artykuł rozpoczyna się od przeglądu literatury dotyczącej poszczególnych przesłanek wdrażania zmiany edukacyjnej. W pierwszej części dokonano analizy przyczyn stabilności edukacyjnej w Finlandii. Kolejna część odnosi się do cech charakteryzujących prestiż fińskich nauczycieli i ich stabilność zawodową w społeczeństwie. Wreszcie trzecia część określa przyczyny niestabilności polskich przemian edukacyjnych od 2017 roku. W artykule analizie poddane zostały zmiany edukacyjne motywowane politycznie oraz źródła braku prestiżu nauczycieli i stabilności w polskim społeczeństwie. Dokumenty dotyczące przedmiotu analiz zbadano metodą problemową, uwzględniając czynniki związane z czasem oraz wpływem społeczeństwa.
EN
The article begins with a review of literature on particular reasons for implementing educational change. The subsequent part analyses the causes of educational stability in Finland. The next part of the paper refers to the features characterizing the prestige of Finnish teachers and their professional stability in society. Finally, the third part stipulates the reasons for the instability of Polish educational transformation since 2017. It scrutinises politically-driven educational changes, the sources roots of teachers’ lack of prestige and stability in Polish society. The documents concerning the subject of the analyses were studied by means of a problem method, taking into account factors related to time and the influence of society.
PL
Głównym celem badawczym artykułu jest ujawnienie początków zmian w polityce edukacyjnej Finlandii po 1970 roku. Jest to ściśle związane z analizą czynników - tzw. Alternatywnego Ruchu Reform i wysokiego zaufania do zawodu nauczycielskiego. Autorka zwraca uwagę na przyczyny wprowadzanej reformy i przedstawia zasady rekrutacji najlepszych absolwentów szkół średnich aby wspólnie pracowali nad zbiorową odpowiedzialnością za program nauczania. Artykuł uwidoczni sposoby budowania kapitału profesjonalnego pomocne w uzyskaniu wysokiego zaufania do tego zawodu.
EN
The main research aim of article is to reveal the beginnings of change in education policy of Finland after 1970s. It is closely related to an analysis of related factors- so called -Alternative Reform Movement and the high-trust of teaching. The author pays attention to first steps in reform of teaching. She is going to present how to select the best school leavers, let them work together in collective responsibility for the curriculum. There will be presented the ways of building professional capital helpful fot high-trust in this profession.
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