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EN
In the 2014 election, the Eurosceptic and anti-immigration Sweden Democrats (SD) for the first time entered the European Parliament. The article first sheds light on the question of why the SD ended up in the EFDD parliamentary party group with a discussion of both the history of the party and its stance on some of the most important issues. In order to assess what inclusion in the EFDD has meant in regard to its behaviour, analysis of roll call data is presented. The results indicate that the SD tends to vote similarly to UKIP. Moreover, and surprisingly, the coherence between the SD and the Danish People’s Party is very low, indicating that group membership is more important than political affinity for the SD in deciding on its voting stance in the EP.
2
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Polityka językowa Szwecji

87%
EN
The paper presents language policy in Sweden from 16th to 21st century. During many centuries Sweden aimed at making Swedish the dominant language in every domain and for every national group living in Sweden. Currently, Swedish has been recognized as the main language in Sweden which implicates the use of other languages in the country. Many activities are carried out in order to make the language used in public institutions easy and intelligible. Sweden offers courses in Swedish for immigrant children and adults, as well as courses in minority languages spoken as first languages and in sign language. There are also many institutions in Sweden which act in order to cultivate and promote Swedish.
XX
Reprint: Några anteckningar om historisk antropologi, „Historisk Tidskrift”, 1988,s. 1-29.
EN
In the last few decades, the traditional concept of family has weakened while the development of numerous new constellations has gained a lot of attention. Convention sees family as a nuclear social formation, where heterosexual parents raise their children well. This view attests to the potential for healthy functioning in a variety of family arrangements, and to the stability of these social environments. In the turmoil of our rapidly changing world, the value of system orientation is changing and questions are being raised over what is an ordinary landscape of family life, its constellations and optimal functioning. This article raises familyrelevant issues and discusses social pedagogy in family social work, particularly related to social care in Sweden intended for socially vulnerable populations such as the elderly, members of minority ethnic groups, and persons with disabilities suffering from discrimination and social exclusion. It is concluded that – in these populations – the family constellation, be it traditional or modern, is not really the issue, since public social care service constructions have mostly replaced traditional caring relations within families with leveling institutional structures. The social pedagogy in family social work professional practice is conducted using socio-ecological approaches for assessment, treatment and service delivery, for the improvement of individual wellbeing referred to as the individual, social and sociopolitical life-world context.
EN
A growing interest in public health and development planning is well visible in Sweden, and therefore, also reflected in both regional and municipal plans. There are, however, only few concrete examples of such integration up to now in Sweden and other countries. The aim of this article is to describe how public health issues are addressed in planning in the Stockholm region. What kind of methods has been used and what experiences have been gained from integration of health related issues in the planning of the region.
XX
W Szwecji istnieje duże zainteresowanie zdrowiem publicznym i powszechną praktyką jest włączanie tej tematyki do planowania rozwoju. Kwestie zdrowia publicznego obecne są więc w planach regionalnych i lokalnych. Problemem jest jednak zintegrowane podejście, w którym sprawy zdrowotne wpisywane są w różne polityki, wynikające z przyjętych strategii rozwoju. Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie, w jaki sposób kwestie związane ze zdrowiem publicznym traktowane są w podejściach i procedurach planistycznych w regionie Sztokholmu. Jakie metody stosowane były do tej pory i jakie są doświadczenia regionu z integrowaniem problemów zdrowia z innymi zagadnieniami tematycznymi, które są przedmiotem planowania.
EN
The migration crisis influenced the internal situation in Sweden to a great extent. Owing to an intensive migrant inflow and a massive submission of asylum applications, the topic of immigration became an integral part of the political discourse. Therefore, a question should be asked, whether intensified migration will cause any visible changes in Sweden, especially in the field of politics and social attitudes towards foreigners. Sweden, until now, has been perceived as a tolerant and open state and society. The aim of the article is to test the hypothesis assuming that there is a correlation between the migration crisis, the radicalisation of the Swedish society and the growing support for the Sweden Democrats, the only anti-immigration political party in Sweden.
8
80%
Critical Housing Analysis
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2017
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vol. 4
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issue 1
150-160
EN
After the economic crisis in the early 1990s there was excess supply of housing, but over the last 25 years demand has increased because of rising population, rising incomes and low levels of housing construction. The result has been rising prices and longer queues to (rent regulated) rental housing. The lack of affordable housing has made the situation especially difficult for low-income "outsiders", e.g. immigrant groups and various marginalized groups. In the debate about explanations and policies one can find demand for "more market", e.g. deregulating the rental market, weaken the municipal planning monopoly and cutting back on building regulations. There are also proposals for "less market", e.g. state directives about municipal planning volumes, subsidies to housing construction and more active municipal housing companies. As the current government is weak, most initiatives comes from the local level, e.g. both below market rents for lower income households and planning for more low-cost housing.
EN
The article discusses the use of social media in Sweden's foreign policy, which, as part of public diplomacy, complements the diplomatic channel by reaching a wider audience - the international public. The starting point for the discussion was the presentation of Sweden's foreign policy concept, its normative character where human rights, peace diplomacy, sustainable development or feminism are key values and set the course of action. In Swedish case the nation brand and the associated categories of credibility and reputation, which are sources of power (soft power), are also an important aspect used for effective foreign policy. The analysis of contents of the three key profiles, allowed to present the strategy of using social media in Sweden's foreign policy, to observe what issues are being addressed in them, the relationships between the official diplomatic discourse and the less formal social media content.
EN
As far as the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) and the communist years are concerned, support from professional organizations, society members, authorities and Polish emigration in Sweden to the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union (NSZZ) Solidarity (“Solidarność”) and democratic opposition took a number of forms. Before the first independent trade union was established, activists of the Swedish Social Democratic Labour Party had supported the creation of such structures in the Polish People’s Republic (PRL). Furthermore, the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen and Sverige – LO), whose members were mainly social democrats, already during the 1980 strikes got in touch with the structures organizing public speeches of Polish workers. Consequently, the Swedish party supported striking workers on an international arena. This help was provided among others by Olof Palme, chairman of the Swedish Social Democratic Labour Party, as well as in the form of financial assistance for organizational purposes and the purchase of printing machines. When martial law was imposed in the Polish People’s Republic and Solidarity together with other opposition groups were declared illegal, Social Democratic and other Swedish trade unions supported the Polish underground democratic opposition in a number of ways. Money and gifts were collected and sent to PRL, and numerous propaganda and information activities were undertaken in Scandinavia, Europe and all over the world. Apart from the assistance provided by the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO), support from the Swedish officials and Swedish society was of profound importance to the opposition groups established in the Polish People’s Republic. After martial law had been imposed in PRL, minister Ole Ullsten together with Danish and Norwegian ministers of foreign affairs unanimously criticized restricting civil liberties in the Polish People’s Republic as well as detaining (arresting) of Solidarity leaders and activists. Strong support for the then illegal structures of Solidarity and Polish people was offered by Swedish non-governmental and charity organizations such as the Swedish Red Cross, organization “Save the Children”, Lutheran Help, Free Evangelic Church and Individual Relief. Attention should also be paid to help provided by Swedish people and Swedish educational institutions. Special emphasis should also be placed on support that the democratic opposition groups in the Polish People’s Republic received from their compatriots in Sweden. Two organizations, namely Polish Emigration Council (RUP), consisting of 16 pro-independence organizations, and Polish Emigration Federation (FUP), coordinated aid programmes launched in Sweden to give a hand to Solidarity and the democratic opposition. Last but not least, one mustn’t neglect support from Denmark-based Scandinavian Committee for Independent Poland headed by professor Eugeniusz S. Kruszewski. By the time it was transformed into Polish-Scandinavian Institute in December 1984, the aforementioned Committee had been leading a propaganda campaign, among other things in Sweden, to provide reliable information about political goings-on, the persecuted oppositionists, steps taken by the communist regime and actions taken internationally to help Polish people.
PL
Wsparcie przez organizacje zawodowe, społeczeństwo i władze oraz polską emigrację niepodległościową w Szwecji udzielane NSZZ „Solidarność” i opozycji demokratycznej w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej (PRL) miało różne formy. Przed powstaniem pierwszego niezależnego od władz związku zawodowego rozwój struktur opozycji wolnościowej w PRL wspierali działacze Szwedzkiej Socjaldemokratycznej Partii Robotniczej. W okresie fali strajków robotniczych, które nasiliły się w Polsce w sierpniu 1980 roku zdominowana przez socjaldemokratów Centrala Szwedzkich Związków Zawodowych (LO) nawiązała bliskie kontakty z strukturami organizującymi wystąpienia polskich robotników. Efektem ich były wsparcie strajkujących robotników na arenie Warszawa–Lublin 1993, pp. 445–449; E.S. Kruszewski: Polacy w Danii wobec pojałtańskiej Polski (1944–1990) [Poles in Denmark and Poland after the Yalta Conference (1944–1990)], in: W służbie Polsce i emigracji. Księga dedykowana Profesorowi Edwardowi Szczepanikowi [Serving Poland and Polish expatriates. A Tribute to Professor Edward Szczepanik], eds. L. Nowak, M. Szczerbiński, Gorzów Wlkp. 2002, p. 168; B. Hajduk: Polskie uchodźstwo niepodległościowe… [Polish Refugees in Scandinavia...], op. cit., p. 214. międzynarodowej, między innymi przez przywódcę socjaldemokratów Olofa Palmego oraz pomoc finansowa na potrzeby organizacyjne i dostawy urządzeń poligraficznych. Po wprowadzeniu w PRL stanu wojennego oraz delegalizacji NSZZ „Solidarność” i pozostałych grup opozycyjnych zarówno socjaldemokratyczne, jak i inne szwedzkie związki zawodowe rozwinęły różne formy pomocy dla opozycyjnych struktur działających w tzw. podziemiu. Gromadzono i przekazywano środki finansowe, organizowano zbiórki i transport darów oraz rozwijano intensywną działalność propagandowo-informacyjną w Skandynawii, w Europie i w świecie. Poza pomocą udzielaną przez szwedzkie związki zawodowe ważne znaczenie dla struktur opozycyjnych w PRL miało wsparcie ze strony czynników oficjalnych i społeczeństwa szwedzkiego. Po wprowadzeniu stanu wojennego w Polsce, minister Ole Ullsten wspólnie z ministrami spraw zagranicznych Danii i Norwegii, jednoznacznie potępili ograniczanie swobód obywatelskich w PRL oraz internowania (aresztowania) przywódców i działaczy NSZZ „Solidarność”. Ogromnym wsparciem dla „nielegalnych” struktur „Solidarności” oraz społeczeństwa polskiego była pomoc niesiona przez wyspecjalizowane szwedzkie instytucje pozarządowe i charytatywne takie jak: Szwedzki Czerwony Krzyż, organizację Ratujcie Dzieci, Pomoc Luterańska, Wolny Kościół Ewangeliczny i Pomoc Indywidualna. Na odnotowanie zasługuje również aktywność pomocowa społeczeństwa szwedzkiego, w tym placówek oświatowych, w różnych regionach Szwecji. Poza tym ważną rolę w akcji niesienia pomocy antyreżimowej opozycji demokratycznej w PRL odgrywało uchodźstwo polskie w Szwecji. Koordynacją programu pomocowego w Szwecji na rzecz „Solidarności” i opozycji zajmowała się Rada Uchodźstwa Polskiego, skupiająca 16 organizacji niepodległościowych oraz Federacja Uchodźstwa Polskiego. W dziedzinie niesienia pomocy NSZZ „Solidarność” i opozycji demokratycznej w PRL wspomnieć również należy o wielostronnym wsparciu kierowanego przez profesora Eugeniusza S. Kruszewskiego Skandynawskiego Komitetu na Rzecz Wolnej Polski z siedzibą w Danii. Do chwili przekształcenia w Instytut Polsko-Skandynawski w grudniu 1984 roku SKnRzWP prowadził aktywną akcję propagandową, m.in. na terenie Szwecji, informującą o wydarzeniach politycznych w PRL, prześladowaniach opozycjonistów, poczynaniach władz reżimowych oraz działaniach wspierających podejmowanych na arenie międzynarodowej.
EN
The article discusses the cultural values of the welfare state in Sweden by combining the characteristics and principles of the Swedish welfare state type with selected classifications of attitudes towards the welfare state and the idea of welfare culture. The author compares indicated ideas of the Swedish welfare culture with Swedish cultural characteristics presented in two typologies of culture, in which Swedish society is characterized without much reference to the characteristics of the welfare state. The purpose of this article is to show the relationship between characteristics of Swedish welfare state and the values and attitudes of Swedish society. An additional purpose of this article is to draw attention to the possibility of making comparisons between the structure of the welfare state in a country and its culture by using existing typologies of culture. The article ends by stating a clear similarity between the ideas of the Swedish welfare culture and features of Swedish culture in other typologies of culture and high usability of evaluation solutions of welfare state in terms of the welfare culture.
EN
The article presents the main historically based cultural factors of the Swedish welfare state. The article starts with the general characteristics of the welfare state model of Sweden, then points four main cultural factors of the Swedish welfare state, their historical origins and an impact on modern society. The author points peasant traditions of Swedish society, Lutheran set of moral principles, the primary role of the local community and the pacifist attitude of Swedish society as the main cultural factors of the Swedish-type of welfare state. The article ends with a conclusion that indicated cultural factors are the fundaments of Swedish society and any change of economic system will be strongly based on national culture and historically based national values.
EN
The first form of mass media – namely, newspapers – emerged during a period when national consciousness was taking shape in many European countries. According to Benedict Anderson, the media played a pivotal role in supporting the development of these emerging nationalisms. The aim of this article is to demonstrate – through document analysis and a case study – how contemporary Swedish media content contributes to the discursive construction and consolidation of unity among the Swedish people and their national identity. The article examines the remit of Swedish public service media, the reports documenting the fulfilment of this remit, and the content available on Swedish public service television’s streaming platform. Additionally, a case study analysis of the programme The Great Swedish Adventure was conducted to illustrate how the media promote national identity.
EN
In his article the author presented the main directions of Polish-Swedish contacts in terms of adult education since the end of World War II to the decline of People's Republic of Poland in 1989. The entire publication was prepared basing on research in the archives and libraries on both sides of the Baltic. Special attention was paid to two issues: (1) development of educational offer for Polish people living in Sweden - inter alia, an educational complex in transition camp in Öreryd and educational concepts for solidarity emigration of the 1980s and (2) cooperation of the communities of Swedish and People's Republic of Poland's adult education - in particular the activities of Polish Committee in the 1960s, the involvement of Polish Club in the 1970s, the cooperation of the Council of Folk High Schools functioning within the Union of Socialist Polish Youth (ZSMP) with Swedish Union of Folk High School Teachers (SFHL) as well as common projects of 'Solidarity' Trade Union (NSZZ Solidarnosc) and the Swedish Workers' Education Association (ABF) of the 1980s. The paper also draws the readers' attention to certain exceptional character of the cooperation of Swedish adult education communities with Polish entities as compared with their relations with other countries. The author passed many judgements and drew a number of conclusions in summing up both the joint activities undertaken by institutions of culture and education for the adults of the Kingdom of Sweden and People's Republic of Poland as well as their short- and long-term effects.
EN
In this paper we claim that the Swedish model should be perceived by a dynamic relation between its two pillars, namely economic and welfare policies. It is this relation that explains its creation, evolution, and recent transformation. Also, the Swedish model was not only an economic or social project, but it concerned a society as a whole. This is why it were not the policies themselves that defined what the model was, yet rather their relationship toward the supreme goal of creating classless society of welfare. Political and economic toolbox changed in the 90s, but adherence to egalitarian and welfare values has not entirely vanished Thus we believe that we should rather speak of a continuation of the Swedish welfare state model in changing external conditions and a change of policy measures than of a radical shift in policy aims and values.
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 2
222-224
EN
The study visit between June and July 2012 included observation on rules regarding care for elderly people in Herrljunga commune (Swedish: Herrljunga komun). In Sweden, similar to other countries, the percentage of elderly people – those above 65 years old - is systematically growing. Care for elderly people is organized by authorities of the communes (komun). Health visitors are subjects to local government supervision Their main task is to develop rules and procedures for geriatric care. A patient’s health state indicates the commitment of staff, whether it should be a single visit, day care or 24/7 care.
EN
Objectives This study is analyzing the unexpected reversed or lacking association between high adjustment latitude and sickness presence by examining whether it is due to confounding. Material and Methods Questionnaires were sent in 2004 and 2005 to a cohort of individuals aged 25–50 years, selected from the Statistics Sweden’s register of the Swedish population. Information from 2397 individuals who answered both questionnaires was analyzed by the use of logistic regression analysis. Results The odds ratio for sickness presence among the individuals with a low adjustment latitude compared to those with high adjustment latitude was 1.7 (range: 1.4–2.2). This increased likelihood was almost entirely unaffected in the analysis of potential confounders. Conclusions If the reversed association between adjustment latitude and sickness presence does not reflect confounding, it may be due to reporting bias, which may cause problems in research on sickness presence. We argue that more detailed studies are needed to explore the different sources of possible reporting problems.
EN
The paper focuses on an analysis of the images of Finland, Sweden and Russia in Nestor Kukolnik’s short novel Yegor Ivanovich Silvanovskiy, ili zavoyevaniye Finlyandii pri Petre Velikom using an imagological approach. The analysis shows that the images are based on stereotypes already existing in Russian literature but are also determined by the current imperial ideology.
EN
Televised political advertising appears in very different national political communication contexts. Sweden is an interesting case study. For many years, political ads on TV were not allowed at all. However, with the transition from analog to digital terrestrial television the public service obligations of the “hybrid” channel TV4 were dismantled. In the 2010 national election campaign, all Swedish parliamentary parties bought advertising time on TV4. This article intends to shed new light on political TV ads as a new campaign feature in a rapidly transforming political communication environment. The study relates to the concept of hybridization of election campaigns and intends to increase knowledge about hybridization processes by focusing on a critical case where one of the most adopted campaign practices worldwide is finally implemented within a specific national context and deviating political culture.
EN
Departing from Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality, the focus of this article is the introduction of entrepreneurial education in Swedish education policy at the turn of the millennium. We analyze the various meanings attached to the concepts of “entrepreneur” and “entrepreneurship” in education policy documents, as well as the main arguments for introducing entrepreneurial education. In policy documents, the “entrepreneur” is portrayed as being flexible, creative, enterprising and independent, as having the ability to take initiative, solve problems and make decisions. Here, there is an emphasis made on economical utility, and its priority over other values. With an increasing mobilization of entrepreneurship in school, previous pedagogical and educational doctrines - focusing on equality, universalism and redistribution - are challenged. Other visions, stating other educational purposes and goals emerge. In the vision of the entrepreneurial school, it becomes logical and natural to emphasize the value education has for the economic system. In conclusion, entrepreneurial education may be seen as a particular kind of governmentality, connecting students and their subjectivity to the rationality of the market - fostering subjects in line with the imperatives of the “advances liberal society”.
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