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1

COMMERCIAL USE OF ELECTRONIC MAIL. LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES

100%
Narog B. J.
Myśl Ekonomiczna i Prawna
|
2005
|
issue 1(8)
122-145
EN
The aim of the paper is the review of the available legal regulations concerning spam (unwanted correspondence sent electronically) and their assessment, as well as the suggestions of changes which would consider the accompanying economic and IT conditions. The structure of the paper is as follows: point 1 contains economic aspects of spam and the relevant needs for changes in legal regulations, point 2 describes legal issues connected with spam, point 3 includes the summing up conclusions. The works concerning unwanted electronic correspondence that have been published so far mostly stress the technical issues.
2

THE AGRICULTURAL PROPERTY RESERVE OF THE STATE TREASURY - CURRENT CONDITION, VALUE, CHANGES (Grunty Zasobu Wlasnosci Rolnej Skarbu Panstwa - stan, wartosc, dynamika zmian)

80%
Klusek T.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2010
|
issue 4(149)
168-185
EN
The allocation of the state property accomplished in Poland after 1990 is mirrored in the legal framework that currently regulates the management of real estate belonging to the State Treasury. Depending on their type and use individual realties have been allocated to different structures. Agricultural realties have been allocated to the Agricultural Property Reserve of the State Treasury (ZWRSP), which is now being managed by the Agricultural Property Agency (ANR). Land is one of the components of property under the ANR governance. Over the years the area, the structure and the value of that land have undergone changes, description of which constitute the core of this paper.
3

THE POLICY OF EQUAL STATUS OF WOMEN AND MEN IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EQUALITY OF GENDER IN THE POLISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

80%
Górnikowska-Zwolak E.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
|
2005
|
vol. 49
|
issue 2
173-197
EN
The European Union is as well economic community, as a social, political and axiological one. Equal treatment of women and men is one of the priorities of the Community. Their implementation requires the introduction of a new politics of equality - gender mainstreaming. It means taking into consideration social and cultural aspect of sex (gender) in all areas of life and activities of EU, among others - in education.The article is an attempt to present European and Polish policies in the area of gender equality, including legal regulations into the matter. It also contains an analysis of chosen elements of the Polish educational system from the perspective of equal rights. A peculiar supplement to the discussed issues are statements of students on a subject: does contemporary university consider gender in its organisation and didactic offer?
4

COMPANIES' BONDS IN POLAND

80%
Komajda E.
Myśl Ekonomiczna i Prawna
|
2005
|
issue 1(8)
90-121
EN
The subject of the paper is the condition of the Polish market of companies' bonds between 1997-2003, including banks, and prospects of its development. Creating foundations of companies' bond market depends on fulfilling certain conditions such as: appropriate legal regulations, institutional solutions, a systematic and rapid increase in the number of issuers and investors. Despite a systematic increase in the value of companies' bonds market, the share in a domestic bonds market, the value of the market in relation with GDP as well as the number of issuers, very few companies used this form of financing. The major reasons for the Iow interest of companies in the issue of bonds are as follows: the lack of tradition, the lack of good practice, simplified procedures and standardization of the issue, competition from treasury bonds and Eurobonds, the lack of demand for companies' bonds and low liquidity. The main factors that might decide about the future of companies' bonds market in Poland are the following: decreasing the tempo of the issue of treasury bonds by reducing the budget deficit, a rapid increase in GDP, a rise in companies' potential, increasing the base investors and issuers, an inflow of the EU structural funds, providing transparency in companies' bonds turnover, public announcements concerning a loan credibility of companies and popularizing the knowledge of the capital market. It is expected that by the year 2010 the value of companies' bond market in Poland will have increased tenfold.
5
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Pozycja ustrojowa Najwyższej Izby Kontroli – nowelizacja ustawy o NIK z 2010 r.

80%
Niezgódka-Medek M.
Kontrola Państwowa
|
2013
|
vol. 58
|
issue 3 (350)
31-41
EN
Three years ago, amendments were introduced to the Act on the Supreme Audit Office that had been in force since 1994. The amendments were related, in the first place, to the audit proceedings and the status of NIK employees, but they also introduced modifications in the legal regulation comprised in chapters 1 and 2 of the Act, which influenced the position of NIK in the political system. Since, on one hand, the amendments emphasise the position of NIK as the supreme body of state auditing and, on the other hand, they change the scope of NIK’s subordination to the parliament. In her article, the author discusses the standing of NIK in the light of the currently binding law.
6

A LIABILITY OF THE MUNICIPALITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT (Zodpovednost obce za skodu sposobenu pri vykone verejnej moci)

70%
Auxtova M.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2010
|
vol. 93
|
issue 6
542-555
EN
A liability for damages caused by law enforcement represents a kind of liability securing law enforcement legalness. The article analyses municipality as a subject of such liability and reasons about conditions and circumstances under which the municipality becomes such subject. The article also introduces current legal regulations of liability for damages caused by law enforcement emphasising the role of the liable subject, extent of liability, liability claim and regression amends. The end of the article points out the practice problems of municipal law enforcement and seeks solutions of mentioned problems in current legal regulations. De lege ferenda thoughts are also proposed.
7

Analiza przyczyn zmiany powierzchni użytków rolnych w okresie międzyspisowym (2002-2010)

70%
Mickiewicz B., Mickiewicz A., Sobala M.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
issue 4(64)
13-24
EN
The paper presents an analysis of factors behind the change of arable land area which took place between two agricultural censuses in 2002 and 2010. The results of the study show a steady decrease in this area, caused by phenomena associated with industrialisation. Every year there was a decline by 42,000 up to 62,000 of arable land. Statistical research showed that in 2010 the amount of land set aside reached the level of 0.5 m ha. In comparison with the shrinking of arable land, the process of its recovery was sluggish.
8

WHAT DOES THE LISBON TREATY BRING TO US? (Co nam prinasa Lisabonska zmluva?)

61%
Kalesna K.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2010
|
vol. 93
|
issue 3
202-216
EN
The article attempts to give a brief survey of fundamental changes brought by the Lisbon Treaty. At the same time it gives analysis of the new regulations based on domestic and foreign legal literature referring to this topic. It drives attention to the problems and open questions evoked by the new legal regulations. It does not avoid controversial discussion concerning sovereignty and competences forming a natural starting point of understanding of competences in the EU and their division between the EU and its member states.
9

ODSTRAŇOVANIE KONTRADIKTÓRNOSTI NORIEM V APLIKAČNEJ PRAXI A DOKTRÍNA RACIONÁLNEHO ZÁKONODARCU

61%
Hodás M.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2011
|
vol. 94
|
issue 4
365 – 377
EN
Communication in general and the problem of understanding legal norms in particular is a complex process that can be explained by Frege’s semantic triangle as the relationship between objective reality, world of ideas and linguistic sphere. We are witnessing a growing number of laws, which are characterized by low quality and often incoherence, and even contradiction. This situation would seem necessary to use the interpretative doctrine of the rational law-maker, which consists of projecting rationality on the law-maker, respectively on legal norm created by him. This way is eliminated interpretative methods, which would lead to absurd results or contradictory results. At the same time it is created potential for greater credibility of law, increased coherence of law and effectiveness of legal norms. The article refers to the related jurisprudence of constitutional courts of the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic and Poland.
10

OCHRANA SOCIÁLNYCH PRÁV V KONANÍ PRED ÚSTAVNÝM SÚDOM SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY

61%
Gajdošíková Ľ.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2017
|
vol. 100
|
issue 3
218 – 225
EN
The protection of social rights is offered by general courts and by the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court offers this protection through the proceedings on compliance of the legal regulations, and in individual cases in proceedings on constitutional complaints. The constitutional limits of the protection of social rights are on one side given by the generally binding constitutional principles of the functioning of the state defined in the Constitution, by which the Slovak Republic is bound, on the other side they are also considered as the limits of the scope of social rights contained in legal regulations that govern social rights.
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