Search results - CEJSH

1

Dlouholetá měření dokazují, že ženy patří za plotnu, pane kolego : esej o genderech a ideologii popularizační sexuologie v českých zemích

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Řídký J.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2010

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vol. 7

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issue 1

30-56

EN

A new field centring around the dispositivity of sexuality came into being in Czechoslovakia during the twentieth century, namely sexology. In line with the definition of its sphere of interest, the discipline unavoidably makes its interpretations on an ideological basis, although it does have ambitions of employing the procedures of an exact science. The form of genders also comes under the sphere of sexological interest. Using increasingly sophisticated methods, science in the form of popularizing textbooks defends traditional nineteenth century stereotypes of the active and socially involved male and the passive woman, mother and housewife. These images are confused with the female and male soul, character and nature, whose counterpart is seen in the corresponding physical make-up. Hence the body mirrors the soul or the gender stereotype. While gender re-presentation remains practically unchanged, it is possible to observe what is primarily an epistemological shift, enabling the discipline to make a much deeper penetration through the ideology concerned into the body and life of the individual.

CS

Během dvacátého století se v Československu objevila nová oblast výzkumu určení sexuality, jmenovitě sexuologie. Třebaže využívala metody exaktních věd, závěry v rámci své zájmové oblasti nevyhnutelně formulovala na ideologické bázi. Do sféry sexuologického zájmu spadaly také podoby genderu. Za pomoci stále sofistikovanějších metod věda v podobě popularizačních příruček bránila stereotypy z devatenáctého století o aktivním a společensky zapojeném muži a pasivní ženě, manželce a ženě v domácnosti. Tyto obrazy byly zaměňovány s ženským a mužským duchem, povahou a přirozeností, jejichž doplňkem byl odpovídající tělesný vzhled. Tělo tak zrcadlí ducha nebo genderový stereotyp. Zatímco genderové re-prezentace zůstávají prakticky nezměněny, je možné si povšimnout zejména epistemologického posunu, který oboru umožnil hlubší pohled na tělo a život jedince skrze ideologii.

2

Proč ženy pečují? Gender a neformáln péče o seniory

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Dudová R., Volejníčková R.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 1

41-54

EN

Based on qualitative research of women that cared in the past or care now for their frail elderly mothers, this article aims to describe and explain some of the factors leading to the predominance of women in informal care for the elderly. The article builds on Sandra Harding’s and Joan W. Scott’s concept of gender. Their concept defines gender as a category operating at multiple interconnected levels. Based on the analysis of interviews with biographical components, we show the impact of cultural and structural factors on women’s decisions to take care, and how these factors are gender structured. Among cultural factors we focus on the process of socialization; we analyse the effect of gender norms of care and the issue of cultural taboos in intimate care. Among structural factors we focus on paid work, the gender division of labour in the family and non/availability of formal care services. On the basis of caregivers’ stories we show how these factors coherently and simultaneously strengthen the connection between women and providing hands-on care. We also identify emerging disruptions in this gender-conservative model of informal care.

3

PŁEĆ KULTUROWA W PRAKTYKACH MIGRACYJNYCH: Putting gender into the migration-development nexus. A micro level case study of Sri Lanka

89%

Madihage H., Sanjeewanie P.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

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vol. 17(3)

93-102

PL

Be it an indigenously or exogenously driven process, gender roles play an important partin the mechanisms affecting changes in a society. It has been theorized that migration createsa real challenge to the persistent patriarchal structure and gender stereotypes withinand outside the households of migrant workers in their country of origin. Otherwise usingdata from an empirically designed longitudinal ethnographic research, this paper arguesthat migration hardly brings out stable or enduring structural changes in the traditionalgender roles in women’s lives at the micro level. Instead, migration brings forth a set ofsimultaneous interplays into gender roles. Particularly, the change in migrant women’sroles within households is not perceived to affect the overall micro level social structure.It is simply a partial and short-term outcome of an exogenous process. Migration-inducedchanges in gender roles arbitrarily shake, strain and disrupt the existing social, culturaland institutional foundations on the micro level. The study finds strong evidence that thelong-term impact of arbitrary changes in gender roles causes a number of micro socialissues. The consequences of these issues insidiously impair the long-term developmentalcapabilities of migrant households in the country of origin.

4

Płeć i procesy transformacyjne w Polsce po 1989 roku. Studium przypadku

89%

Baer M.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2014

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issue 2(7), Historia i płeć

291–305

XX

Reprint: M. Baer, Płeć i procesy transformacyjne w Polsce po 1989 roku. Studium przypadku „Zeszyty Etnologii Wrocławskiej”, 2005, nr 1(7), s. 95–107.

5

RETHINKING GENDER, RETHINKING MIGRATION: Putting gender into the migration-development nexus. A micro level case study of Sri Lanka

89%

Madihage H., Sanjeewanie P.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

|

vol. 17(3)

93-102

EN

Be it an indigenously or exogenously driven process, gender roles play an important partin the mechanisms affecting changes in a society. It has been theorized that migration createsa real challenge to the persistent patriarchal structure and gender stereotypes withinand outside the households of migrant workers in their country of origin. Otherwise usingdata from an empirically designed longitudinal ethnographic research, this paper arguesthat migration hardly brings out stable or enduring structural changes in the traditionalgender roles in women’s lives at the micro level. Instead, migration brings forth a set ofsimultaneous interplays into gender roles. Particularly, the change in migrant women’sroles within households is not perceived to affect the overall micro level social structure.It is simply a partial and short-term outcome of an exogenous process. Migration-inducedchanges in gender roles arbitrarily shake, strain and disrupt the existing social, culturaland institutional foundations on the micro level. The study finds strong evidence that thelong-term impact of arbitrary changes in gender roles causes a number of micro socialissues. The consequences of these issues insidiously impair the long-term developmentalcapabilities of migrant households in the country of origin.

6

Recenzja książki Gabriele Kuby: Globalna rewolucja seksualna: likwidacja wolności w imię wolności (Kraków: Homo Dei, 2013), ss. 439

89%

Kaliszewska M.

Forum Oświatowe

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2014

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vol. 26

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issue 2(52)

199-204

7

W stronę historii gender

89%

Kałwa D.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2014

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issue 2(7), Historia i płeć

11–14

XX

The main theme of this issue is gender history, which in Polish is also referred to as history from the perspective of gender (historia (w perspektywie) płci) or the history of gender (historia rodzaju). The plurality of Polish terms reflects not only the problem with the linguistic accuracy of the translation of the English original, but also the coexistence of paradigms, intellectual traditions, and disciplines which is a characteristic of these studies. The past seen from the perspective of gender is the subject of interest for both female and male representatives of almost all disciplines and trends in the contemporary humanities and social sciences, as well as in feminist circles searching for the historical roots and the legitimisation of anti-discrimination movements. The articles in this volume together form a specific, subjective, and unique summary of the development of the history of women, and at the same time a postulative vision of future gender history.

8

Gender Equality in Swedish Public Service Television

89%

Chacińska M.

Panoptikum

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2017

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issue 17(24)

94-107

EN

The purpose of the article is to present and analyse how gender equality principles are implemented in the Swedish public service television Sveriges Television (SVT). The analysis takes into consideration three aspects of the equal rights approach: employment policies, sources in the news programmes and the programme content. The employment of women in public service media is discussed from the historical and legal perspective while the news sources are analysed based on contemporary research and statistics. The last part of the article focuses on examples of portrayal of women in three television series produced by SVT. One of the television series aired in 1997 was aimed at younger audience and received a Swedish prize for successful implementation of gender equality in television content while the other two are contemporary crime dramas.

9

Podmiotowe uwarunkowania męskości, kobiecości i androgynii

89%

Lipińska-Grobelny A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2007

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vol. 11

EN

The 1960’s view of gender role orientation held that masculinity and femininity were at opposite ends of the same continuum. Bem challenged this concept by suggesting that masculinity and femininity were actually separate continuums, allowing individuals to endorse both characteristics. Bem described four categories of gender: sex-typed individuals, androgynous individuals, undifferentiated individuals and cross-sex-typed individuals. The authoress of this article conducted researches, delivering five techniques: IPP by Kuczyńska, NEO-FFI by Costa & McCrae, PTS by Strelau & Zawadzki, SD by Ray and MSS by Merrill & Reid to the group of 145 persons. The results indicate several significant differences that may be applied to various domains of life for example to the procedure of recruitment and selection.

10

Od deviantů k rodičům: Neheterosexuální maskulinity v současných českých televizních seriálech

88%

Sloboda Z.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

23-34

EN

Since about 2004, the boom in the production of original Czech television series has been accompanied by the slow but steady increase in the appearance of non-heterosexual characters on TV. This analysis focuses on gay characters: what they are like, why and how they appear and disappear, how their non-heterosexuality is established and how it develops in the narrative of the series. A notable change can be observed in how gay male characters are being depicted: from depictions of mostly miserable characters whose coming out is their only dramatic potential in the narrative, to more complex portraits of characters who are incorporated into the story, experiencing love, partnerships and even parenthood - elements otherwise normal in series narratives. Alongside this more descriptive type of analysis, the author draws on Connell and Messerschmidt’s concept of hegemonic masculinity to draw attention to representations of practices that produce the masculinity of non-heterosexual (male) characters as subordinate , as complicit, and, in the case of recent characters, even as hegemonic. The representation of non-heterosexual characters as hegemonically masculine seems to be a form of ‘narrative redemption’ through homonormativity.

11

Literární prostory otcovství

88%

Filipowicz M. Ł.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

6-13

EN

This article seeks to contribute to the discussion about literary images of fatherhood in contemporary Czech and Polish prose. It focuses on analysing the specific literary spaces that have emerged alongside a new type of literary character, namely, ‘new fathers’, who give up their professional activities to stay home and look after babies. A comparative analysis of two novels - Petr Šabach’s Putování mořského koně (The Pilgrimage of a Sea Horse) and Marek Kochan’s Plac zabaw (The Playground) - presents the similarities in the structures of their literary space and in the way masculinity is contextualised in the space of the playground and the home. The article sets the analysis against the backdrop of social changes affecting parenting and fatherhood in Poland and the Czech Republic in recent decades.

12

Muži učitelé v mateřských školách - konstrukce maskulinity ve feminizovaném prostředí

88%

Fárová N.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

45-56

EN

This article focuses on the topic of men working in feminised jobs and specifically on male teachers in kindergartens, who are in a specific position given that they are relatively few in number. There are several advantages for them in this position: they are accepted with enthusiasm and with expectations of change. This treatment gives them an opportunity to construct their own and relatively ‘elite’ version of masculinity, which is superior just to the femininity of the female teachers, but also to other versions of masculinity. This ‘elite’ version of masculinity is supported by female teachers and it contributes the survival of a dichotomous and hierarchical approach to men and women in kindergartens. The purpose of this article is to identify the main strategies that male teachers use in the construction of their version of masculinity in this feminised environment. The article is based on qualitative research, which included observation in several kindergartens and conducting interviews with male and female teachers in kindergartens.

13

Coffee, Cookies and Cards: The Use of Visuals and Materiality to Reproduce and Transform Masculinity in Dutch Social Work Interventions

88%

Huis, Iris van, Haar, Marleen van der

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

57-66

EN

In what way do gender-specific interventions aimed at marginalised men reproduce and transform masculinities, and what kind of masculinity do social professionals, who carry out these projects, work with? This paper analyses how visual materials, spaces and artefacts enable professionals to deal with masculinity and gender-equality issues when working with men whom they assume hold traditional views on masculinity and gender roles. A three-year study of semi-public interventions that worked on individual empowerment, participation and gender equality with marginalised men in the Netherlands revealed that the professionals found it difficult to raise gender-equality issues. In contrast to the other project goals of individual empowerment and participation, gender-equality issues created a discomfort. The authors also discovered that gender equality in most cases was dealt with in more subtle ways than the issues of individual empowerment and participation. In this context, professionals worked with an ideal version of what the ‘new’ masculinity of the participants would look like, which we labelled ‘pacified masculinity’. The paper empirically shows how social professionals benefit from the use of space, images and artefacts to break down rigid gender roles and potentially enable men to construct other versions of masculine identity. Moreover, we argue that visuals and materiality create room for a reflection on the role of men in women’s emancipation.

14

Work with Perpetrators of Domestic Violence in Eastern European and Baltic countries

88%

Wojnicka K.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

35-45

EN

The aim of the paper is to present and analyse the current state of perpetrator programmes in Eastern European and Baltic countries as this issue has barely been raised in the literature. It is connected to the fact that in described region such programmes are still relatively new phenomena and, compared to other European Union countries (mostly in Western and Northern Europe), the number of the programmes is still insufficient. Moreover, the number and character of the perpetrator programmes in Eastern European and Baltic countries is to a large extent determined by traditional gender relations, glorification of the traditional family and specific definitions of masculinities and femininities, as well as by the nature of the anti-violence legislation that exists in particular countries. The presented findings result from research on the specificity of work with perpetrators of domestic violence in the region. The analysis is based on the cases of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania and Poland. It is to a large extent the result of research conducted within the Daphne III project IMPACT: Evaluation of European Perpetrator Programmes (2013-2014) and of analysis of national reports delivered by country experts for a project conducted by the Work with Perpetrators - European Network in 2013.

15

Ženy středověké Rusi : možnosti a limity ruské gender history

75%

Komendová J.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2006

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vol. 3

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issue 2

203-212

EN

The article is concerned with one of the current directions in Russian historiography - gender history, and specifically gender history as applied to medieval Rus. The source base for research into gender aspects of society in Rus up to the 15th century has a specific character and is far less extensive and diverse than material from the Catholic part of Europe, which means that many problems that are engaging the interest of western historiography are essentially insoluble when it comes to Rus. Although there is intense discussion of gender history among Russian academics, as among their western counterparts, research has tended to be confined to the history of women (women's history, istorichesaya feminologiya). The excessive isolation of research on women's themes is manifest not only in relation to their male opposite pole, but in a certain separation from other research of the history of medieval Rus. Russian gender history is for the moment excessively orientated to the diachronnic aspect and studies individual isolated themes over very long time periods, sometimes even millennia. One of the main task of current gender-orientated medieval studies is therefore to pay greater attention to synchronic aspects, i.e. to the integration of gender themes into the image of a specific epoch with all its distinctive cultural and social features and mental climate.

CS

Článek pojednává o jednom ze směrů v soudobé ruské historiografii - gender historii, specificky pak o gender historii středověké Rusi. Pramenná základna pro výzkum genderových aspektů ruské společnosti do 15. století má specifický charakter a je daleko méně rozsáhlá a různorodá než materiály pocházející z katolické části Evropy, což znamená, že mnohé problémy, které budí zájem historiografie na Západě, jsou v Rusku neřešitelné. Jakkoli mezi ruskými akademiky, podobně jako mezi jejich západními kolegy, probíhá intenzivní diskuse o gender historii, výzkum sám bývá zúžen na dějiny žen (women's history, istorichesaya feminologiya). Nadměrné zaměření výzkumu na ženská témata se projevuje nejen ve vztahu k jejich mužským protějškům, ale i v jisté izolaci od dalšího výzkumu dějin středověké Rusi. Ruská gender historie je nyní výrazně orientována na diachronní aspekty a studium individuálních izolovaných témat v průběhu velmi dlouhých časových úseků, někdy dokonce tisíciletí. Jeden z hlavních úkolů soudobé genderově orientované medievalistiky je tudíž věnovat větší pozornost synchronním aspektům, tj. integraci genderových témat do obrazu konkrétní epochy se všemi jejími specifickými kulturními a sociálními rysy a myšlenkovým klimatem.

16

Explaining the link between gender and traffic accidents in Israel

75%

Mazliach R.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2015

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vol. 5

187-202

EN

The aim of study is to explain the link between gender and traffic accidents in Israel. Traffic violations are considered as intentional deviations from practices that are crucial to maintaining safety while driving. These violations are commonly referred to as a significant factor in causing traffic accidents; therefore, when examining the case of traffic accidents it is extremely important to look at factors involved in traffic violations as well. This article serves only to propose the thesis of honour cultures as a significant local factor contributing to traffic accidents, but its resolution is much too wide to be able to baseroad-safety programs upon it. A further development of this idea, on a local basis, will thus be of great help in the field.

PL

The aim of study is to explain the link between gender and traffic accidents in Israel. Traffic violations are considered as intentional deviations from practices that are crucial to maintaining safety while driving. These violations are commonly referred to as a significant factor in causing traffic accidents; therefore, when examining the case of traffic accidents it is extremely important to look at factors involved in traffic violations as well. This article serves only to propose the thesis of honour cultures as a significant local factor contributing to traffic accidents, but its resolution is much too wide to be able to base road-safety programs upon it. A further development of this idea, on a local basis, will thus be of great help in the field.

17

Gender-Translation-Gap: Die Kategorie Geschlecht als Faktor beim Transfer (post-)jugoslawischer Literatur ins Deutsche

75%

Messner E.

Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich

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2022

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vol. 12

1-24

HR

Uvoz (književnih) prijevoda autorica i autora iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Hrvatske i Srbije na njemački jezik bit će u ovom članku kritički ispitan s obzirom na sljedeća tri aspekta: 1. Rodne razlike u količini prijevoda; 2. Strategije odabira prijevoda autorica, posebice u razdoblju od 1992. do 2012. (koje najvećim dijelom obuhvaća razdoblje jugoslavenskih ratova); 3. Uloga aktera u translacionom polju: Jesu li one djelovale kao prevoditeljice i posrednice za autore jednako često kao što su prevoditelji bili angažirani kao posrednici za autorice? Odgovori na ova pitanja pokazat će može li se u naznačenom razdoblju govoriti o fenomenu koji nazivam “gender translation gap”. Ovaj se pojam koristi u sociološkim i ekonomskim studijama o globalnim razlikama u plaćama između muškaraca i žena - i bit će ovim tekstom uveden u teorijsku raspravu o rodu i prijevodnom tržištu.

EN

The unequal import of (literary) translations of male and female authors from Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia in German will be critically examined in this article regarding the following three aspects: 1. The gender differences in the quantity of translations; 2. The selection strategies for the translation of female authors, especially in the period from 1992 to 2012 (which mostly covers the period of the Yugoslav wars); 3. The role of female actors in the translatory field. The answers to these questions will show whether in this period one could speak of the “gender translation gap”.

18

Propojování genderového výzkumu a tvorby politik : Zpráva z AtGender Spring Conference 2017

75%

Pospíšilová K., Hašková H., Křížková A.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2018

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vol. 19

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issue 1

149-151

19

Dějiny žen či gender history? : možnosti, limity, východiska

75%

Nečasová D.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2008

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vol. 5

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issue 1

81-102

EN

The article provides a critical overview of research into the history of women and gender history of roughly the last three decades, focusing on the founding generation of American women historians. It considers in detail the debate that was called forth by the provocative, manifesto-like articles of Joan W. Scott, particularly ‘Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis’. In addition, however, it discusses reserved approaches to historiography, which can be called feminist. With many small observations the article considers, for example, the limits of existing interpretations of approaches, the fuzziness of the definition of gender history, and the sometimes too narrowly defined conception of gender history as the history of power. The author briefly also considers Czech research, which hitherto has tended to concentrate on the history of women rather than gender history, and for the time being has not, with few exceptions, gone beyond the reception of English-language works and the methods they employ.

CS

Článek nabízí kritický přehled výzkumu dějin žen a gender history v posledních třiceti letech, se zaměřením na zakládající generaci amerických historiček. Podrobně sleduje debatu, kterou vyvolaly provokativní, až manifestační články Joan W. Scottové, zejména „Gender: užitečná kategorie historické analýzy“. Navíc se zabývá i rezervovanými proudy v historiografii, které by se daly nazvat feministickými. S mnoha drobnějšími exkurzy článek poukazuje například na limity stávajících interpretací těchto přístupů, neurčitost definice gender history a někdy příliš úzce definovanou koncepci gender history jako dějin moci. Autorka krátce zmiňuje český výzkum, který se až dosud soustředil na dějiny žen, spíše než na gender history, a prozatím, až na několik výjimek, nešel za recepci anglicky psaných prací a metod, které jsou v nich uplatňovány.

20

Niemieckie „Frauenforschung” na przykładzie uniwersytetu w Dortmundzie

75%

Jeziorowska P.

Pedagogika Szkoły Wyższej

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2014

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issue 2

187-194

EN

The author refers to the process of democratization which still develops in Europe. She concentrates on social inequalities, especially in connected with gender. The author discuss the situation on an example university of Dortmund.

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