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XX
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję wykorzystania kwantyli w diagnozowaniu. Diagnozowanie zdefiniowano jako rozpoznanie wartościujące, czyli ocenę badanego obiektu z punktu widzenia przyjętego kryterium. Badanym obiektem będzie woj. zachodniopomorskie, a kryterium oceny - zmienne charakteryzujące zarówno stronę podażową, jak i popytową rynku pracy. Każda zmienna zostanie scharakteryzowana albo jako stymulanta, albo jako destymulanta, gdyż - jak wynika z rozważań teoretycznych - charakter zmiennej ma wpływ na wybór odpowiedniego kwantyla. Kwantyle wyznaczone dla wybranych zmiennych będą uznane za normy i na podstawie ich wartości zostanie postawiona diagnoza z punktu widzenia danej zmiennej oraz łączna diagnoza z punktu widzenia wszystkich zmiennych. Wybór odpowiedniego kwantyla jako normy uzależniony będzie od liczebności badanej zbiorowości, charakteru zmiennej diagnostycznej oraz stopnia ostrości normy.
EN
Aim/purpose – The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the functioning of the cinema distribution market in Poland in 2002-2018. Design/methodology/approach – The results of the quantitative research of the fifteen major film distributors operating in Poland in the analysed period are presented in the paper, together with market capacity, market share ratios and measures of market concentration. Findings – Thanks to the analysis, large distributors operating in the Polish film market are characterised. The analysis of the structure and the concentration of the sector in question shows that nowadays over half of the cinema distribution in Poland is concentrated in the hands of four companies (UIP, Kino Świat, Monolith and Disney), two of which (UIP, Disney) are foreign branches of the major American studios. Thus, the results of the research provide empirical evidence on the impact of international distribution consortia on the Polish cinematographic industry. They are similar to the existing literature findings which concern other countries (e.g. Canada, New Zealand, Western Europe). This means that Poland is part of the trend of dominance of American distributors on global domestic markets. Research implications/limitations – The paper opens a wider discussion about the Polish film distribution. Yet, the research results concern Poland and cannot be generalised to other countries. In addition, studies refer only to the cinema distribution, not taking into account other channels of distribution as DVD, VOD and online distribution. Originality/value/contribution – The cinema distribution market in Poland is still poorly recognised by researchers. The paper is a valuable addition to this research gap.
XX
Do specjalizacji handlu detalicznego na rynku artykułów nieżywnościowych przyczyniają się nie tylko czynniki popytowo-podażowe, ale również rozwój ośrodków handlowych. Obserwacje i analizy zmian profili asortymentowych sklepów funkcjonujących na polskim rynku artykułów nieżywnościowych pozwalają na wyodrębnienie głównych tendencji specjalizacji handlu detalicznego. W zestawieniu podano charakterystyczne dla obecnego etapu rozwoju handlu podstawowe rodzaje specjalizacji i znaczące sieci sklepów je reprezentujące. Klasyfikacja grup sklepów ze względu na rodzaj specjalizacji uwzględnia zarówno nowoczesne kierunki przemian asortymentowych, jak też zmiany o charakterze głównie jakościowym.
EN
Progressive changes of the Polish consumer demand size and structure connected with the life style and quality cause i.a. a need to adjust the retail assortment and service offer to the requirements. New came into being specialised commercial centers are mirrors of the adjustment. There are four specialised shop groups on the Polish non-food article market: 1) so called "category killers", 2) subjective and objective specialised shops as mass customer service, 3) branded and company shops (boutiques) of one or more producers or distributors, 4) sell-off shops in factory centers. The most multitudinous traditional shop groups are subject to dynamic changes. Their offer is continuously adjusted to the new needs of customers. The paper presents trends of the retail specialisation confirmed by samples of important foreign and domestic commercial nets.(original abstract)
EN
The application of neural network system for multi-dimensional stock market data analysis is presented in the paper. Developed system predicts stock price movements based on daily quotation data like: volume, minimum and maximum session price, opening and closing price. Several studies were carried out, to compare systems investment decisions, with decisions that were made on the basis of some commonly used methods of stock market analysis. These methods are: MACD, Bootstrap, Markowitz Portfolio. For valuation purpose, the real stock market data of the four largest Polish companies were used. All companies are quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and belong to the WIG 20 index. For the benchmarking, only stock data from the year 2009 were used. In order to enrich the benchmarking tests, three investment scenarios were added. First known as the skeptical assume that only incorrect investment decisions were made. Second known as the optimistic assume that only correct investment decisions were made. Last one known as passive assume that no investment decision were made - it is so called "buy and hold" conception. The benchmarking results confirmed, that the neural network system is able to make investment decisions, that significantly increase the profitability of the investment portfolio. Neural network system provide investment suggestions, that can be considered as an alternative to other commonly used methods of stock market analysis. However statistical tests proved a high correlation between quality of systems investment decisions and market trend and lack of correlation to the "optimistic" scenario. Neural network systems may help in investment process, but cannot be considered as fully reliable way of investment process automation.
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