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Changes in urbanonymy of northeastern Poland in the context of statehood transformation

100%
Abramowicz Z., Dacewicz L.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
417-428
EN
Changes in urbanonymy of north-eastern Poland in the context of statehood transformation Urban place names are a chronicle of the history of a given territory and its inhabitans. They are evidence of crucial changes ocurring over a long period of time, especially in the borderland area, to which the region of Mazury, a part of the north-eastern Poland, belongs. Over years the region was the territory of contention between Poland and Prussia, during the Second World War it was under German occupation, since 1945 it was within the borders of PRL (the Polish People`s Republic), in the sphere of Russian influences. In 1989 the period of independence and statehood transformations began. In each period the mechanisms of giving new names to town objects and of changing the existent ones were similar. They reflected the culture of the nation, important events, historical figures, ideas and values in a given historical period. Giving names commemorating various, often controversial figures of political life such as generals and political leaders, was closely connected with the current policy of the state authorities, for instance Hinderburg Strase was changed for Armii Czerwonej (the Red Army), in free Poland since 1989 the street has been named Armii Krajowej (the Home Army; Polish under groun military organization during the Second World War).
CS
Urbanonyma jsou kronikou historie daného území a jeho obyvatel. Podávají důkaz o zásadních změnách, které dlouhou dobu probíhaly zejména v pohraničí, kam oblast Mazursko, část severovýchodního Polska, spadá. V průběhu let se tento region stal objektem sporu mezi Polskem a Pruskem, během druhé světové války byl okupován Němci a od roku 1945 spadal pod hranice PLR (Polské lidové republiky), na území ruského vlivu. Roku 1989 začíná období nezávislosti a státnických změn. Způsob pojmenovávání nových městských objektů a změn v již existujících názvech byl v každém z těchto období stejný. Zrcadlí se v něm kultura národa, významné události, historické postavy, myšlenky a hodnoty uznávané v daném historickém období. Pojmenování upomínají na různé, často kontroverzní osobnosti politické sféry, jako generály a politické vůdce, úzce spjaté se současnou politikou státních orgánů, například Hindenburg Strasse byla přejmenována na Armii Czerwonej (Rudé armády), roku 1989 byla již ve svobodném Polsku ulice pojmenována Armii Krajowej (Národní armády; pod jejíž ochranou byl polský národ během druhé světové války).
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Vývoj místního jména Česká Lípa

86%
Panáček J.
Acta onomastica
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2013
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vol. 54
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issue 1
217-227
EN
Much attention has not been given to the name of the city Česká Lípa. As the first reliable source, the predicate “Chenco de Lipa” from 1277 must be considered. From the beginnings, the name Lipa in various transcriptions is used practically in all Latin sources for the castle and then the town. New townspeople probably adapt the old name of the village to Czech due to the population of locators and settlers from Zittau. So that the original Czech “Lipa” changed to “Leipa” over the German vernacular form of the name. The name of the city with attribute “Česká” first appeared in 1568 on the map of Meissen and Bartolomeo’s Sculteta Lusatia called “Bem. Leipe”. Up to the 20th century, the name “Böhmisch Leipa” or just “Leipa” was used. Despite numerous efforts to change the name, none of the proposals of the City Council (1883 Leipa, 1910 Deutsch Leipa, 1938-1939 Leipa an der Polzen) were approved. So “Böhmisch Leipa” became permanently Česká Lípa after the end of the Second World War.
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Znalost pomístních jmen v Jemnici a Lhoticích

86%
Konečná H.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
269-299
EN
Within an extensive survey of anoikonyms in Moravia and Silesia, their list was made in Lhotice in 1969 and in Jemnice in 1974. The aim of the new comparative research, carried out in August 2009, was to find out in which degree the collected names were preserved in the memory of the representatives of three generations of the current population in both localities, whether they still use the anoikonyms in communication and in identification of the objects. From the original set of the names, mainly agronyms were not preserved in the memory of the respondents; nowadays, less people work in farming and forestry then forty years ago. Newly recorded names denominate especially places and local parts.
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Význam toponymie pro určení předloh starších českých biblických překladů

86%
Dittmann R.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
437-446
EN
The importance of place-names for this task has not yet been duly exploited. The author attempts at showing possibilities which are offered here on the examples especially from the 16th century translations into Czech. It is above all the form of transcribed place-names, variant readings, added proper names and competition between transcribed and translated forms which may noticeably help us to identify the circle of sources or even one concrete source of the Czech translation.
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K vývoji pomístních jmen na Opavsku od druhé světové války

86%
Balhar J.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
305-313
EN
The paper deals with the development of anoikonyms in four villages in the Opava region following the expulsion of citizens of German nationality, after land consolidation in individual four co-operative farms and then after the integration of these originally independent farms into one great agricultural unit. Special attention is paid to the usage of the anoikonyms at present, when large (up to one hundred hectares) tracts of land were formed and when only a fragment of the former number of people works in agriculture. These are mainly tractor drivers, servismen, leading organization workers. The number of people who need the anoikonyms in their communication is therefore very limited. Among others, the author answers the question which names are given to the new pieces of land by the remaining private farmers. Special attention is paid to the names of forests and meadows. Also the question is dealt with how the new anoikonyms preserve the phonologic and morphologic character of local dialects. The author comes to the conclusion that at present, only a negligible number of old tract names is being used and that the new anoikonyms are formed according to one model: the two-word prepositional names using both the personal names indicating farmhouses of the respective persons, and the important orientation points.
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Znalost pomístních jmen v Rosicích

86%
Ireinová M.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
247-268
EN
Within an extensive research of anoikonyms in Moravia and Silesia, the anoikonyms from Rosice were collected. The article presents results of investigation carried on among 17 representatives of all generations of the residents of Rosice in the autumn of 2009. The aim was to ascertain whether the anoikonyms recorded in 1965 are still (in 2009) known and actively used. The representatives of the oldest generation acknowledged the familiarity of the largest number of anoikonyms, whereas the representatives of the youngest generation knew only a few of them (in some cases they use a certain anoikonym for a different object than in 1965, see e. g. anoikonyms Rococháč, Štěpnice, U Svaté Trojice).
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Sufixy -čka a -ačka v pomístních jménech v Čechách

86%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
556-572
EN
The article provides an analysis of the lexical units derived using the suffixes -čka and -ačka that occur in the minor place names from the territory of Bohemia. The analysed deverbative lexical units are most frequently formed using the suffix -čka, which is attached to the infinitive verbal stem. The suffix -ačka is usually attached to nominal (both substantive and adjective) bases. The formations from appellative (both substantive and adjective) bases are less frequent in minor place names than the formations from proper names (both anthroponyms and toponyms). The geolinguistic view has shown that the minor place names including the lexical units formed by the suffix -ačka from nominal bases are geographically marked: their occurrence is limited to the eastern half of Bohemia.
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Pomístní jména odvozená od osobních jmen v kontextu onomastickém a dialektologickém - na materiálu Slovníku pomístních jmen na Moravě a ve Slezsku

86%
Kloferová S.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
106-139
EN
The paper deals with anoikonyms derived from personal names by a suffix (the structure types Bartoš + -ka, Bartoš + -ovka, Bartoš + -ovec, Bartoš + -ovice etc.). The first part of the paper presents their onomastic characteristics: it pays attention to their word-forming structure, motivation, frequency, eventually productivity of certain structure types; also information on their geographic distribution is added. Selectively also those anoikonyms are presented which are hard to explain. The second part compares the onymic maps (maps of some structure types) with dialect maps (especially the maps of the so called bundles of isoglosses contained in the Czech Linguistic Atlas). Mutual interconnections of the onymic and dialect areas are explored.
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Jilm v pomístních jménech na Moravě a ve Slezsku

86%
Hlubinková Z.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
181-188
EN
The item focuses on appearance of names of the elmtree in Moravan and Silesian anoikonyms. Next to the anoikonyms coming from the noun jilm (e.g. Jilmík, Jilmová), also the names coming from original Slavic names of this tree were recorded: vaz (e. g. Vazová) and břest (e. g. Břestek, Břístí). The anoikonyms coming from the noun břest seem to be typical for Moravia and Silesia (see the maps No. 1–3).
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Využití údajů ze "Slovníku staročeských osobních jmen" Jana Svobody při výkladu místních jmen z území Čech

72%
Olivová-Nezbedová L.
Acta onomastica
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2018
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vol. 59
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issue 1
167-172
EN
In the individual entries of his typewritten "Dictionary of Old Czech personal names", J. Svoboda registers also place names, from which the individual personal names are formed. He reconstructs a considerable number of Old Czech personal names from place names. Place names are gained from A. Profous’s work "Place names in Bohemia" and some other works. He often provides an interpretation different from Profous’s opinion or Šmilauer’s interpretation included in the "System of Czech place names", worked out on the basis of the Profous’s work. Svoboda’s dictionary adduces also some place names and some place name records not at all included in the Profous’s work. It will be therefore necessary to present the different interpretations and add the missing place names and place name records in a future new edition of Profous’s "Place names in Bohemia", the need of which was pointed out by V. Šmilauer as early as in 1975.
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Vlastní jména a jejich (historická) sémantika

72%
David J.
Acta onomastica
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2011
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vol. 52
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issue 1
15-30
EN
The text is focused on proper names and their historical semantics as illustrated by the journalistic texts collected in the Czech National Corpus (Totalita – corpora of written texts of the Communist era, SYN – synchronic written corpora). Our research showed proper names can be regarded as key words typical for a text created in a particular period. The problem of place names as proper names with mostly orientative function or proper names with primarily symbolic value are researched with their collocations via t-score method (a quantitative test). The place names are presenting themselves as mostly orientation and localization language elements. Their figuratively usage as metaphor and metonymy is appearing rarely; however, this is typical of place names with an ideologically and contemporary important value only.
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Honorifikační motiv v toponymii (na příkladu baťovských toponym a toponyma Zlín/Gottwaldov)

72%
David J.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
429-436
EN
The aim of the text is to describe a particular group of commemorative place names motivated by personal name of Czech businessman family Baťa. They are not typical names included in the group of Czech commemorative place names as the place names Gottwaldov, Havířov, Švermov. Place names as Baťov, Baťovany, Bataypora, Batawa and Bataville, appearing in many countries in the world, were created with the components typical of particular national place names system. The place names of the city of Zlín, a centre of Baťa’s shoe company, and Gottwaldov, that replaced the place name Zlín during the Communist era 1949–1989, are examined in the text as well.
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Základ býk- v pomístních jménech na Moravě a ve Slezsku

72%
Konečná H.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
189-201
EN
The anoikonymic material from the area of Moravia and Silesia comprises approx. 300 anoikonyms containing the lexeme býk or derivations from the basis býk-/býč-. The first part of the article focuses on the motivational resources of the anoikonyms with the basis býk-/býč-, the second part deals with their geographical distribution, the third part presents the complete enumeration of recorded forms of anoikonyms and denominated objects. In the third part, the author also gives a description of individual types of anoikonyms and their dialect forms.
14
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Ke konstrukci heslových slov ve Slovníku pomístních jmen na Moravě a ve Slezsku

72%
Čižmárová L.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
94-105
EN
The paper summarizes the hitherto results of the work on the Dictionary of Moravian and Silesian Anoikonyms (DMSA), explains the causes of the problems relating to the headword construction (the DMSA is a dictionary of entries, not of individual anoikonyms; Czech is a language featuring the homonymy of morphological characteristics of flexible words; the information leading to the construction of a “basic” form of the headword is often missing) and presents a set of universal rules to construct headwords of the DMSA; one or another of these rules should be applicable for all anoikonyms or their collections which are ranged in individual entries. The process of headword construction engages a changing degree of abstraction depending on the make-up of the entries (one-name entries containing one-word anoikonyms or more-word ones; more-name entries; the structure type and grammatical, dialectal and other characteristics of listed anoikonyms).
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Konfrontace znalosti pomístních jmen v Jemnici, Rosicích a Lhoticích

72%
Ireinová M., Konečná H.
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 1
299-304
EN
In this paper, the authors compare the results they came to during the research of the knowledge of the anoikonyms amongst the representatives of three generations in three Moravian localities (Rosice, Jemnice, Lhotice). The individual generations gradually loose the awarness of the anoikonyms gathered in 1960s and 1970s. From the original set of them, the oldest respondents do not know approximately 25 %, the middle generation 50 % and the youngest generation 75 % of the names. Also new names relating to a new way of life were recorded. The anoikonyms are therefore a lasting part of the everyday communication, but their collection is not constant – it is variable and reflects the communicative needs of the language users.
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Dualita místních jmen na Českolipsku

72%
Panáček J.
Acta onomastica
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2025
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vol. 66
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issue 2
422-438
EN
From a corpus of 155 local municipality names in the Česká Lípa region – first attested in written records dating from the Middle Ages (i.e., before 1500) – a subset of 22 localities can be identified that historically bore two distinct, unrelated names. These are names that did not arise through direct translation or adaptation between languages. The aim of this study is to highlight this phenomenon, explore the possible interpretations of such dual naming, and examine the historical and sociolinguistic factors that contributed to its emergence. The duality of place names – specifically, the coexistence of a Czech and a German name – was eliminated only after the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, when official policy mandated the exclusive use of Czech names.
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Dialectal name forms in official names - a view from Austria

72%
Jordan P.
Acta onomastica
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2025
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vol. 66
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issue 1
63-72
EN
The article highlights at first the system of place-name standardization at the global, national and subnational levels with all its benefits and problems and a focus on respecting standard language versus dialect names, where preferring dialect forms would mean standardizing to the benefit of the local or regional, not the national or global community. It then plunges into the Austrian situation with its federal, subsidiary political system and its prevailing bottom-up place-name standardization procedures. There it reveals that dialect forms are rather exceptionally standardized and elevated to the rank of official names, but that situations vary regionally as well as by feature category and the proprial and generic part of a name, and tries to explore the reasons for this situation.
CS
Článek pojednává o systému standardizace místních jmen na globální, národní a regionální úrovni se všemi jeho výhodami a problémy, s důrazem na respektování spisovného jazyka oproti nářečí. Preferování nářečních podob by znamenalo standardizaci ve prospěch lokální nebo regionální komunity, nikoliv národní nebo globální. Poté popisuje situaci v Rakousku, v zemi s federálním, subsidiárním politickým systémem, v níž převládají postupy pro standardizaci místních jmen zdola nahoru („bottom-up“). Ukazuje se, že nářeční formy jsou standardizovány v oficiální rovině spíše výjimečně, situace se však liší v závislosti na regionu a také podle toho, o kterou část vlastního jména jde. Text se snaží prozkoumat příčiny tohoto stavu.
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Polná - a toponym that has become a symbol

58%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 1
24-35
EN
In our minds, many toponyms are connected with important historical or mythical events. This paper is focused on the toponym Polná and some proper names related to this town. Polná was one of many small sleepy towns in the Vysočina region. Everything changed with the murder of Anežka Hrůzová in 1899. The rumours of a “ritual murder” spread and the local Jew Leopold Hilsner was charged with the crime. It was the beginning of a great anti-Semitic hysteria and Polná became the most watched place in the monarchy. The whole affair was publicized in our country and abroad. After more than 100 years the city of Polná is still associated with this murder, the Hilsner Affair and the tragic judicial error. It became a part of the common knowledge and culture of Czech people. The history is still alive and projected into the image of the town. At the scene of the act (called U Anežky) there is a symbolic grave which is often visited by tourists and by Czech nationalists. On the town square we can go for lunch at U Hilsnera Restaurant. Nearby we can find a former Jewish ghetto still unofficially called Židák (Žid = ‘Jew’) even though no Jews live here today.
CS
Mnoho toponym si v mysli spojujeme s důležitými historickými nebo mytologickými událostmi. Tento příspěvek je zaměřen na toponymum Polná a některá pomístní jména spjatá s tímto městem. Polná byla malé, ospalé městečko na Vysočině. Vše se změnilo vraždou Anežky Hrůzové v roce 1899. Začaly se šířit spekulace o „rituální vraždě“ a ze zločinu byl obviněn místní židovský mladík Leopold Hilsner. Tak začala veliká antisemitská hysterie a Polná se stala jedním z nejsledovanějších míst tehdejší monarchie. Celá aféra byla medializována u nás i v cizině. Po více než 100 letech je město Polná stále asociováno s touto vraždou, Hilsnerem a tragickým justičním omylem. Stala se součástí české všeobecné encyklopedie a kultury. Historie je stále živá a projektuje se do „image“ města. Místo činu (zvané U Anežky), kde je symbolický hrob, je často navštěvováno turisty i českými nacionalisty. Na náměstí si můžeme zajít na oběd do restaurace U Hilsnera. A nedaleko leží bývalé židovské ghetto, stále neoficiálně nazývané Židák, i když tu dnes žádní židé nežijí.
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Heraldická reprezentace obce a nevědecká etymologie toponym

58%
David J., Davidová Glogarová J.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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vol. 63
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issue 2
355-366
EN
The study deals with the non-scientific (folk, popular) etymology of toponyms, specifically settlement place names, and its reflection in contemporary municipal heraldry. The aim is to incorporate the situation when the interpretation of a place name motivates the image of a municipal emblem into the general principles of the process labelled as “exteriorization” of the place name. It is the process in which the etymology of a proper name motivates the emergence of an object, most often a two-dimensional, pictorial, or three-dimensional one. The process is illustrated with the analysis of justifications of new municipal emblems of 159 selected communities in the total of 12 Czech districts that were created and approved in the period of 1990−2021. The research showed that 72 % of the examined emblems regarded as canting arms are based on the scientific etymology of place names, while 26 % are based on the respective folk etymologies.
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Settlement names referring to Czech settlers in medieval Hungary

58%
Rácz A.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
157-171
EN
There are no Hungarian written sources from the time preceding the Conquest. Latin-language written culture in Hungary emerged with the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Carpathian Basin (in 1000 with the coronation of St. Stephen) and the conversion to Christianity. The early Latin (less frequently Greek) written sources created at this time (charters, chronicles, etc.) contain Hungarian words and expressions only sporadically and they were mostly proper names designating places. These, however, due to their early appearance and low number have proved to be truly valuable in studies of historical linguistics. Historical studies also greatly rely on the conclusions drawn from them when exploring the early history of Hungarians and they attempt to describe the ethnic and population history of the contemporary Carpathian Basin also in consideration of the results of historical linguistics concerning the semantic and etymological features of names and their origin. In this respect, the settlement names rooted in ethnonyms have a key role as they also shed light on relations between Hungarians and other peoples. In this paper, I study those settlement names that may refer to Western Slavic settlers designated by the cseh ethnonym in medieval Hungarian language.
CS
Z doby před dobytím neexistují žádné maďarsky psané památky. Písemné památky zaznamenané v latině se objevily v době založení maďarského království v Panonské pánvi (r. 1000 korunovace sv. Štěpána) a konverze ke křesťanství. Rané latinsky (a méně často také řecky) psané prameny vytvořené v tomto období (listiny, kroniky apod.) obsahují maďarská slova a výrazy pouze sporadicky a většinou se jedná o vlastní jména označující místa. To se ovšem s ohledem na jejich stáří a malý počet ukázalo být opravdu cenné pro historicko-lingvistický výzkum. Historické vědy na jejich závěry spoléhají při studiu rané historie Maďarů a také do značné míry usilují o popis vývoje etnicity a osídlení v současné Panonské pánvi v souladu s výsledky historické jazykovědy. V tomto ohledu hrají místní jména vycházející z etnonym klíčovou roli, protože napomáhají vysvětlovat vztahy mezi Maďary a dalšími národy. V tomto článku jsou zkoumána místní jména, která mohou odkazovat k západoslovanským osadníkům, kteří byli označováni ve středověké maďarštině etnonymem cseh.
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