Search results - CEJSH

1

Conflict of individual freedom and community health safety: legal conditions on mandatory vaccinations and changes in the judicial approach in the case of avoidance

100%

Paplicki M., Susło R., Nidal Najjar3, N. N., Ciesielski P., Augustyn J., Drobnik J.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2018

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issue 4

389-395

2

Transhumanizm i perspektywy jego oddziaływań na prawoznawstwo. Wybrane problemy

100%

Sulikowski A.

Wrocławsko-Lwowskie Zeszyty Prawnicze

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2014

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vol. 5

89 - 110

EN

Currently, transhumanism is a growing and increasingly popular philosophical movement. Using the authority of the natural sciences strongly affects thinking about the future of humanity. Transhumanists not only formulate a vision of the human future, but also offer recommendations relating to the creation and application of law. This article is about the basics of transhumanism and its potential impacts on jurisprudence.

3

Obligatory protective vaccinations and the implementation of parental authority: a study of judicial decisions in the area of legal liability

100%

Zieliński G., Kanecki K., Nitsch-Osuch A., Tyszko P.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2019

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issue 3

289-295

XX

Obligatory protective vaccinations and the implementation of parental authority: a study of judicial decisions in the area of legal liability

4

Niemcy - ewolucja versus stałość (artykuł wstępny)

100%

Jackowska N.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2022

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issue 3 (384)

5-5

EN

Germany - evolution versus stability

5

The common law approaches to identity theft: Implications for Hungarian law reform

100%

Tóth D., Gáti B.

Problemy Prawa Karnego

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2023

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vol. 7

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issue 1

1-13

PL

Częstość występowania kradzieży tożsamości nasila się, zwłaszcza w kontekście międzynarodowym. Dzięki postępowi technologii informatycznych przestępstwa związane z tym zagadnieniem nie mają granic i mogą ujawnić się wszędzie. Celem tego badania jest analiza ram regulacyjnych dotyczących kradzieży tożsamości w obcych jurysdykcjach. Esej uwzględnia nie tylko aspekty teoretyczne, ale także wymiar praktyczny i kryminologiczny. Oczekuje się, że w wyniku zbadania tych modeli regulacyjnych zostaną sformułowane propozycje „de lege ferenda” (dotyczące przyszłego prawa) dla węgierskiego ustawodawcy. Początkowy fragment eseju zmaga się z definicją zjawiska. Nie ma powszechnie akceptowanej definicji kradzieży tożsamości. W literaturze zagranicznej stosuje się różne terminy do opisania tego samego zjawiska, w tym „kradzież tożsamości” i „oszustwo tożsamości”. Po wprowadzeniu koncepcyjnym w opracowaniu przeanalizowano potencjalne formy kradzieży tożsamości. W drugiej części merytorycznej przeanalizowano modele regulacyjne dotyczące kradzieży tożsamości w jurysdykcjach anglosaskich. Ramy regulacyjne Stanów Zjednoczonych, Wielkiej Brytanii, Kanady i Australii podlegają badaniu. W końcowej części proponujemy zmiany węgierskiej regulacji „de lege ferenda”.

EN

The incidence of identity theft is escalating, especially in international contexts. Owing to the advancement of information technology, crimes associated with this issue are borderless and can manifest anywhere. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the regulatory frameworks concerning identity theft in foreign jurisdictions. The essay not only considers theoretical aspects but also practical and criminological dimensions of the issue in question. As an outcome of the examination of these regulatory models, it is hoped that proposals de lege ferenda (‘regarding future law’) can be articulated for the Hungarian legislature.The initial segment of the article grapples with defining the phenomenon. There is no universally accepted definition of identity theft. Various terms are employed in foreign literature to describe the very phenomenon, including “identity theft” and “identity fraud.” Subsequent to the conceptual introduction, the study surveys the potential forms of identity theft.In the subsequent sections of the article, the regulatory models of identity theft in common law jurisdictions are analyzed. The regulatory frameworks of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia are subject to examination.In the concluding section of the study, recommendations for future legislation (de lege ferenda) are proposed.

6

Relacje między etyką, prawem i ekonomią: analiza poglądów Adama Smitha

88%

Rogowska B.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2019

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vol. 22

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issue 3

7-17

EN

Adam Smith is commonly viewed as the founding father of economics. This conviction stems from the publication of The Wealth of Nations in 1776. Smith’s works are chiefly examined in terms of economics. The discovery of reports of his Lectures on Jurisprudence and defining them as a “bridge” between his ethics, law and economics allows researchers to analyze Smith’s work from a fresh perspective. The aim of the paper is to discuss complex relationships between ethics included in The Theory of Moral Sentiments and general principles of law and economics. The main conclusion of this paper is that Smith emphasized the mutual complementation of moral and legal norms in the context of the economic development of the commercial society.

7

European constitutional “case law” as a possible concept of the European “legal state”

88%

Klíma K.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2022

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vol. 12

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issue 1

37-52

EN

The European Convention of Human Rights, together with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights creates a special and entire legal system, which is particularly aimed to cultivation of decisions of bodies of public power in issues of natural and legal persons, or of other power intervention. The current jurisprudence particularly of the European Court of Human Rights undoubtedly shifts the concept of the legal state into the position of quantitative intensity not only of human rights and freedoms protection, but also particularly cultivation of public administration and decision activity of courts. Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights therefore sets not only on enforceability of the European law in member states, but also at requirements of organizational, intervention and decision legal level of activity of bodies of the public power. It is therefore possible to declare and confirm that the concept of the “European Legal State” is a specific European versions of constitutional protection of basic human values.

8

Hejt i mowa nienawiści w orzecznictwie polskich sądów cywilnych – zagadnienia wybrane

88%

Słabuszewski R.

Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa

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2022

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vol. 13(13)

213-231

EN

The article presents an analysis of the jurisprudence of civil courts on hate and hate speech. It indicates the way of understanding the notions of “hate” and “hate speech” in the justifications of court decisions, irregularities in determining the amount of harm and redress, the importance that courts give to the prevention of hate speech. Moreover it indicates that the courts recognize that hate and hate speech are a catalyst for subsequent acts of verbal and physical aggression and they also set wider boundaries for acceptable criticism against public figures.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę orzecznictwa sądów cywilnych dotyczącego hejtu i mowy nienawiści. Wskazuje na sposób rozumienia pojęcia „hejtu” i „mowy nienawiści” w uzasadnieniach orzeczeń sądowych, nieprawidłowości w zakresie ustalania wielkości krzywdy i zadośćuczynienia, znaczenie, jakie sądy nadają zapobieganiu mowie nienawiści. Ponadto wskazuje, iż sądy dostrzegają, że hejt i mowa nienawiści stanowią katalizator dla kolejnych aktów agresji słownej i fizycznej a także wyznaczają szersze granice dopuszczalnej krytyki w stosunku do osób publicznych.

9

La giurisprudenza come fonte del diritto canonico Jurisprudence as a Source of Law

88%

Michowicz P.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2024

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vol. 14

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issue 1

229-242

EN

Starting with such a provocative title, the essay aims to answer the question of whether jurisprudence can be considered as a source of law in the canonical judicial system. In order to achieve the objectives of the present work, it is proposed not to observe a traditional path followed by those who interpret the provision of canon 19 of the current Code of Canon Law, but rather to consider jurisprudential creativity which represents, in its various manifestations, an unavoidable feature of legal experience. This premise helps to reconsider the source concept of law and systematizes the role of jurisprudential doctrine in the hierarchy of sources in the canonical legal system.

10

Prawda jako przypadek praktyki uwagi na marginesie dogmatycznej koncepcji prawdy obiektywnej

88%

Jaśkiewicz J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2014

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vol. 73

EN

The article has been thought as a contribution to the discussion on comprehension of truth within the framework of the domestic jurisprudence. The author, describing philosophical and theoretical assumptions with respect to positivism epistemology indicates - basing on the sources presented in this article - the transformations to which the concept of the so-called ‘objective truth’ was subject and the extent to which various political and social factors influenced the concept mentioned. As he concludes complexity and dynamics concerning transformations of the domestic legal culture, as well as conflicts between the written law and the practice are disclosed in lawyers’ attitude to the truth.

11

Koncepcja pojęć zastanych w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

88%

Riedl K.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2015

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issue 5(130)

83-98

EN

The Constitutional Tribunal recognizes some terms in the Constitution as so called “pre-existing notions”. That means that in case of absence of a clear defi nition of the notion within the Constitution, it may be assumed that the constitutional legislator intended this term to have the same meaning assigned to it by previous constitution, doctrine or legislation in force at the time of the entry of the 1997 Constitution. Such concept allows therefore to suppose that this notion has another (wider) meaning than a result of literal interpretation. The inspiration to write this article was judgment of 7th October 2013, K 31/12, wherein the issue of recognition the constitutional term “reading” of the bill as a pre-existing notion had decisive infl uence over the Tribunal’s decision. The article analyses the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal regarding the pre-existing notions. The main aim is to answer the question, whether such idea can be treated as a complete, useful and established concept of constitutional interpretation. The analysis gives a positive answer.

12

Criminalization of communist propaganda in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Second Republic of Poland

88%

Słomiński K.

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej

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2025

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vol. 44

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issue 3

107-118

EN

Combating totalitarian propaganda is a topic that continues to challenge the law, including criminal law dogmatics. The criminalization of totalitarian propaganda plays a special role in countries which have been affected by these regimes. Polish law currently criminalizes the propagation of communist ideology. It is worth presenting how this concept was shaped against the historical background of the regulations in force in the Second Republic of Poland. The article addresses the issue of criminalization of communist propaganda in the Second Republic of Poland. It analyses the rulings of the Supreme Court and scholars’ views concerning this issue from the period 1918–1939.

13

On the purpose and functions of legal‑dogmatic research (continental tradition)

88%

Vachev V.

Studia Iuridica

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2023

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vol. 100

289-299

EN

The present text discusses the role of a special kind of research into criminal law in the continental legal tradition, for which the term “legal-dogmatic research” has been adopted and used by many scholars from outside the common law system and which is described in more detail below, its place among other scholarly disciplines, and its significance for legal practice. The concept of this “legal-dogmatic research” can be understood in two ways. Based on the first approach, it is perceived as an abstract study of law independent on the legal rules in force at a given time and place. In this sense, it appears as synonymous to terms used in the German language: Doktrin or Lehre (study). In the second sense, this research is seen as a study of existing law (lex lata) – and nothing else. It differs from other areas of jurisprudence in that it does not strive to be universally valid, but is confined to a time and place. The article presents a point of view in the light of which this research aims to render the normative system coherent and comprehensible, i.e. to establish the correct meaning of the law by clarifying and systematizing it. In this context, the author shows that the purpose of legal scholarship is to reveal and subsequently to conceptualize reality. At the same time, the importance of investigation of the law as it is (legal-dogmatic research) is by no means limited to the hermeneutical analysis of the legal text, but that it faces equally ambitious tasks, such as the development of criminal law and the need to find material legitimacy for the use of coercion by the state against citizens.

14

Podstawowe założenia badań empirycznych w prawoznawstwie - próba konfrontacji

87%

Kotowski A.

Studia Prawnicze

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2017

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issue 2 (210)

87-114

PL

The paper is a critical analysis of fundamental assumptions for the empirical research methodology in the jurisprudence field. It is aimed to compare the profile of empirical methodology with jurisprudence-dominant analytic philosophy. This is archived through a) examining the basic profile of the positivist attitude of a researcher along with assumptions integrating empiricism, which derives from the positivist methodology, into different philosophies of the law which specifically appeal to the naturalism of the legal phenomenon; next b) detailing characteristic features of empirical methods which take jurisprudence specifics into account; and finally c) coming to a set of conclusions concerning the success of research conducted this way in the jurisprudence field.

15

Zagrożenie terroryzmem w XXI wieku – analiza wybranych determinantów

76%

Wojciechowski S.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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2016

|

issue XXXVIII

29-59

EN

Terrorism is one of the biggest problems in today’s world and one that, to a greater or lesser extent, continues to evolve. This evolution is true of many aspects, including terrorist tactics and strategy as well as types of terrorist threats. The global and destructive reach of terrorism is clearly reflected in different comparative studies. For example, data gathered by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) indicate that there were over 150,000 terrorist attacks around the world between 1970 and 2015. These attacks were carried out in over 100 countries, most of them, however, in Afghanistan, Iraq Nigeria, Pakistan, and Syria. In recent years, the force driving the escalation of terrorist activity was initially Al- -Qaeda, followed by the Islamic State. ISIS combines features commonly attributed to terrorist organizations, criminal groups, states, terrorist networks, and military formations. Contrary to the common view, the Islamic State is not a state as defined in international law and practice. Although it has territory, a population, and authorities, it does not have the capacity to pursue international relations and does not meet the criterion of external sovereignty. Only a state fulfilling all of these conditions can rightly be called a state. Thus, in the case of ISIS, we can only talk of certain elements of statehood and not of a state proper, as understood in international law and relations. In 2015, the number of terrorist attacks around the globe dropped by 13% (from 13,463 in 2014 to 11,774 in 2015). A particularly sharp drop occurred in Pakistan (45%), Iraq (28%), and Nigeria (11%), whereas other countries witnessed a surge in the number of attacks. This was the case of Turkey (escalation by 353%), Bangladesh (270%), Egypt (69%) and Syria. Syria presents a particularly complex and alarming picture, with the number of terrorist attacks up by 65%, the number of people killed up by 62%, the number of those injured up by 91%, and the number of those kidnapped and held hostage up by 67%. In 2015, the number of people who lost their lives as a result of terrorism dropped by 14% (from 32,727 in 2014 to 28,328 in 2015). There was a rise in the number of people injured (2%) and kidnapped and held hostage by terrorists (29%). The latter phenomenon is particularly alarming since it indicates renewed terrorist interest in this form of activity. The purpose of the article is to answer the following research questions: What is terrorism? How can it be defined? What are its primary causes and features? What characterizes contemporary terrorist threats? What is the scale of global terrorism today? What led to the emergence and subsequent rapid rise of the Islamic State? How can terrorism be prevented and combated effectively? The author uses his own definition of terrorism. He defines terrorism as a variously motivated and implemented form of political and/or social violence (or threatening such violence) breaching the binding legal order, perpetrated by individuals or groups through different means and methods, leading to physical, psychological, or material damage. This form of violence has a direct target or targets (for example individuals representing a given state) or an indirect target through which the perpetrator wants to achieve his final purpose. This definition draws attention to a couple of important and universal features of terrorism. Firstly, it demonstrates the diversity of its causes (motives), spanning a wide range of factors that drive and escalate the phenomenon. Secondly, it highlights the fact that terrorist acts violate the law, resulting in a broad range of consequences. Thirdly, it stresses that terrorism (as people often mistakenly assume) encompasses not just the actions of groups, but also those of individuals. Fourthly, it points to the multiplicity and diversity of means and methods employed by terrorists. Religious, political, or ethnic reasons are not the sole driving forces behind terrorism, which springs from a combination of many different factors, including cultural, historical, psychological and socio-economic determinants – the latter often underestimated or overlooked. There is frequently a direct or indirect link between terrorism and poverty or other serious socio-economic problems observed in a given territory. This is reflected, inter alia, in the data published in the Global Terrorism Index 2015. This report indicates that in recent years, countries that have seen the steepest increase in the number of deaths due to terrorist attacks are largely poor ones, including Iraq, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia. Of course this does not mean that poverty or big social inequalities always lead to terrorism. They can, however, stoke up different extremist attitudes, including ones with ties to terrorism. This state of affairs is known as “fueling terror.” The paper highlights selected aspects of contemporary terrorism. Other important issues include the problem of terrorist financing, the consequences of terrorism, identifying real and potential perpetrators, the evolution of terrorist strategy and tactics as employed by “lone wolves,” suicide bombers, and women and children used to carry out attacks, links between migration and terrorism, etc. A comprehensive discussion of these topics requires a separate and much broader study. Such a study should be prepared by an interdisciplinary team of specialists bringing together not just security, but also legal, psychology, sociology or economic experts. Such a team should include both theorists and practitioners with wide-ranging experience in analyzing, eliminating, and forecasting terrorist threats.

16

Experti, právo a socialistický stát : právní věda v ČSAV a její činnost v letech 1952-1960

75%

Sommer V.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2016

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vol. 23

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issue 1-2

118-136

EN

This article is concerned with the formataion of the culture of experts, wich played an important role in the process of shaping institutions and mechanisms of government in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. The author explores how Czechoslovak legal theorists continuously intervened in the process of ''building Socialism''. He begins by considering the development of the institutional basis of jurisprudence in the structure of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Using the example of the Institute of State and Law at the Academy, he demonstrates how social-science institutions were created to meet the demands of new, socialist scholarship, and also to demonstrate the growing importance that expert knowledge had for State Socialist government. In the second part of the article, he considers debates about the ''Czechoslovak revolution'' and ''people democracy'' providing insight on the theoretical basis of Socialist scholarship on the State and law. The debates, which lasted several years, demonstrate that a key area of disagreement was the question of adapting Marxist-Leninist theory to Czechoslovak conditions and Czechoslovak historical experience. It was also clear from the debates that the most important form of Socialist government was, in the theorists´ view, the Socialist State as an institutional consequence of revolutionary transformation and the indubitable organizational framework of people´s democracy. The last part discusses legal theorists as experts and considers their role in the framing of the ''Socialist Constitution'' of 1960.

CS

Studie se zabývá formováním konkrétní expertní kultury, která hrála významnou úlohu v procesu utváření institucí a mechanismů vládnutí v Československu v padesátých letech dvacátého století. Autor zkoumá, jak českoslovenští právní vědci zasahovali do procesu ''budování socialismu''. V úvodní části textu se věnuje vývoji institucionálního zázemí právní vědy ve struktuře Československé akademie věd (ČSAV). Na příkladu Ústavu státu a práva ČSAV ukazuje, jak vznikaly společenskovědní instituce, které měly odpovídat nárokům nové socialistické vědy, a současně dokládá vzrůstající význam expertního vědění pro státněsocialistické vládnutí. Ve druhé části článku se věnuje diskusi o "československé revoluci" a ''lidové demokracii'', přičemž dává nahlédnout do teoretického zázemí socialistické vědy o státu a právu. Několik let trvající polemika ukázala, že jednou z oblastí sporu byla otázka možností přizpůsobení marxisticko-leninské teorie československým podmínkám a československé historické zkušenosti. Z diskuse také vyplynulo, že nejdůležitější formou socialistického vládnutí byl pro diskutující teoretiky socialistický stát jako institucionální výsledek revolučních proměn a nezpochybnitelný organizační rámec lidové demokracie. Závěrečná část článku představuje právní vědce jako experty a zkoumá jejich podíl na vzniku takzvané socialistické ústavy z roku 1960.

17

European Council’s member states’ jurisdiction regarding the execution of court decisions and it’s issues

75%

Gazidede A.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2016

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issue 13

103-111

EN

European Court of Human Rights states that the execution of final decisions is a compulsory provision for a fair hearing and a successful conlusion of a trial. The right to a court protected by Article 6 would be illusory if a Contracting State’s domestic legal system allowed a final, binding judicial decision to remain inoperative to the detriment of one party. Execution of a judgment given by any court, is considered to be an integral part of the “trial” for the purposes of Article 6. Based on the Article 1 of European Convention for Human Rights member states of European Council are obligated to implement the the decisions of ECHR in their domestic legislation in the context of building an efficient legal system. This paper aimes to analyze the legal system of member states regarding the reinforcment of decisions looking forword to identify issues, commonalities and diferences among states. What is the procedure followed in the process of execution? What do we understand with “Reasonable timeframe” and which are the legal requirements in which are based “Concrete deadlines” within a judicial decision should be executed? What is the significance of the enforcment agents in this process?

18

The Fides-Sacramentum Matrimonii Relationship in the Post-Synodal Era (2015-). A New Concept of Response to Doctrinal Impulses

75%

Pastwa A.

Ecumeny and Law

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2023

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vol. 11

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issue 1

7-31

EN

In 2020 the International Theological Commission published an important document: The Reciprocity Between Faith and Sacraments in the Sacramental Economy. The document is a presentation of six years of expert work on exploring the relationship between faith and the sacraments. The original theological justification, offered here, of the specific role of faith in the validity and fruitfulness of each sacrament culminates, in some ways, in a focus on an ecclesiastically sensitive “area” (Ecclesia domestica) - which is already foreshadowed by the initial declarations under the “emphatic” subtitle: Faith and the Sacraments: A Reciprocity in Crisis. What is addressed here is a serious scholarly proposal for further reintegration of the doctrine of de sacramento matrimonii, with a nodal understanding of the issue of the sacramental dignity of marriage - a study strongly awaited since it is set in the context of the two memorable assemblies of the Synod of Bishops, of 2014 and 2015.Adopting the hypothesis of justifiability of the title demarcation line (2015-), marking the “post-synodal era,” bestowed upon the author of this study - consequently - a need to comprehensively examine how the International Theological Commission implemented in concreto the synodal appeals of bishops in 2014 - the first appeal (from Instrumentum laboris of the Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops): “there is a need to deepen the question of the relationship between faith and the Sacrament of Matrimony”; and a later appeal (from Relatio Synodi of the Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops): “it is necessary to consider the possibility of giving importance to the faith of the nupturients in ascertaining the validity of the Sacrament of Marriage, all the while maintaining that the marriage of two baptized Christians is always a sacrament.” In the concluding remarks the author answers the question that preoccupies the canonist: Can it be assumed that the result of the Commission’s six-year long work is - important for the canonical doctrine and, above all, helpful for the consistent jurisprudence - a clarification of the questio dubia: “baptized non-believers” and the sacrament of marriage?

PL

W 2020 roku Międzynarodowa Komisja Teologiczna wydała ważny dokument: “La reciprocità tra fede e sacramenti nell’economia sacramentale”.Dokument ten jest prezentacją 6-letnich prac eksperckich nad zgłębieniem relacji między wiarą a sakramentami. Oferowane tu oryginalne teologiczne uzasadnienie szczególnej roli wiary w ważności i owocności każdego sakramentu kulminuje niejako skupieniem uwagi na „obszarze” newralgicznym eklezjalnie (Ecclesia domestica) – co zapowiadają już wstępne deklaracje, zamieszczone pod „krzyczącym” podtytułem: “Fede e sacramenti: una reciprocità in crisi”. Mowa o poważnej naukowej propozycji dalszej reintegracji doktryny de sacramento matrimonii, z węzłowym ujęciem problematyki sakramentalnej godności małżeństwa – studium mocno wyczekiwane, bo wpisane w kontekst dwóch pamiętnych zgromadzeń Synodu Biskupów z lat 2014 i 2015. Przyjęcie hipotezy o zasadności tytułowej cezury (2015-), wyznaczającej “erę posynodalną”, dyktowało autorowi niniejszego opracowania – konsekwentnie – dogłębne zbadanie: jak Międzynarodowa Komisja Teologiczna zrealizowała in concreto synodalne apele biskupów z 2014 roku – apel pierwszy (z Instrumentum laboris della III Assemblea Generale Straordinaria del Sinodo dei Vescovi): “si indica la necessità di approfondire la questione del rapporto tra fede e sacramento del matrimonio”; i apel późniejszy (z Relatio Synodi della III Assemblea Generale Straordinaria del Sinodo dei Vescovi): “andrebbe considerata la possibilità di dare rilevanza al ruolo della fede dei nubendi in ordine alla validità del sacramento del matrimonio, tenendo fermo che tra battezzati tutti i matrimoni validi sono sacramento”. W uwagach końcowych autor nie uchylił się od próby odpowiedzi na nurtujące kanonistę pytanie: czy można przyjąć, że efektem 6-letnich prac Komisji jest – ważne dla kanonistyki i przede wszystkim pomocne dla jednolitego orzecznictwa – wyjaśnienie questio dubia: “ochrzczonych niewierzących” a sakrament małżeństwa?

19

Co zostaje po uczonym prawniku?

75%

Longchamps de Bérier F.

Forum Prawnicze

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2020

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issue 4 (60)

7-16

EN

Questions and answers of the paper concern academic achievements of law professors seen at least two decades after their death. What remains of a law professor: good character, disciples and students, specificity of university genealogy, important research topics, work and writings, institutions created, international research friendships? Who can be considered a great lawyer? What are the criteria to asses it?

20

Publius Pactumeius Clemens i publiczna działalność jurystów rzymskich

75%

Kuryłowicz M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze

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2023

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vol. 23

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issue 3

5-25

EN

Publius Pactumeius Clemens is mentioned as an author and lawyer only by the classical jurist Sextus Pomponius in D. 40,7,21,1. No other writings by Pactumeius are known. It was not until an extensive inscription, CIL VIII 7059, was discovered in the African city of Cirta that we learned of the numerous public offices Pactumeius held under Emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. This inscription carries a remark that Pactumeius was a iuris consultus. This gives us an idea of the extent to which jurists were involved in various administrative and public offices under the Principate. In this context we may ask about the role of Roman jurists and jurisprudence as a whole: was it merely the “intellectual pastime of the aristocracy,” “the brilliant intuition of jurists,” the accessibility of lawyers to all interested parties,” or a question of remuneration for the provision of legal advice, especially against the backdrop of a career in the service of the state? This is where the practical significance of secondary jurists emerges, which we now know more about from the epigraphic texts. To sum up, perhaps we should undertake a study to identify the group of jurists involved in public activities and distinguish them from the generality of jurisprudence, as opposed to those who were engaged exclusively in opinion-shaping, scholarship, and teaching.

PL

Publiusz Pactumeius Clemens został wymieniony jako autor i prawnik jedynie przez klasycznego jurystę Sextusa Pomponiusza w D. 40,7,21,1. Inne jego dzieła nie są znane. Dopiero odnalezienie kamiennej tablicy w afrykańskim mieście Cirta z obszerną inskrypcją CIL VIII 7059 pozwoliło poznać liczne publiczne funkcje, jakie sprawował Pactumeius Clemens w administracji państwowej za panowania cesarzy Hadriana i Antoninusa Piusa, z zaznaczeniem pod koniec, że był on także aktywny jako iuris consultus Dało to asumpt do głębszych rozważań, jakie było zaangażowanie jurystów w okresie pryncypatu w działalność publiczną i funkcje w administracji państwowej. W tym kontekście można też spojrzeć na zagadnienia aktywności rzymskiej jurysprudencji jako „duchowego sportu arystokracji”, „genialną intuicję” jurystów, dostępność prawników dla wszystkich potrzebujących pomocy prawnej oraz kwestię odpłatności za usługi prawnicze, w szczególności na tle aktywności jurystów w administracji państwowej. W tej sytuacji ujawnia się praktyczne znaczenie jurystów niższych kategorii, widocznych w tekstach epigraficznych. W całości wydaje się celowe podjęcie studiów nad wyodrębnieniem w całej jurysprudencji grupy jurystów, zaangażowanych w działalność publiczną, w odróżnieniu od tych, którzy zajmowali się wyłącznie pracą opiniodawczą, naukową i dydaktyczną.

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