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EN
The paper discusses the origins and future determinants of regional development, as conditioned by the present state of transport infrastructure considered as a key endogenic factor of the development of economic regions. Increased Cohesion Policy spending, at the level of EUR 82.3 billion, in the newly opened EU multiannual financial framework for 2014-2020 aims at reducing development disparities between various EU regions and, thus, enhancing the cohesion of the EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA. The paper outlines the evolution of the objectives of the COMMON TRANSPORT POLICY over the last 20 years, which have a significant impact on the level of spatial cohesion and contribute to better competitiveness, reliability of transport services, their safety and environmental friendliness.
EN
Transport services market is one of the key elements of the economy of each country. Through the transport market the access to factors of production for enterprises is provided and by its mediation products are delivered to consumers. The correctness of functioning of the market determines the efficiency of the whole economic system of the country. For each Eastern Partnership country the EU is the main trade partner. Poland as one of the member states of the European Union is closely cooperating with the Eastern Partnership countries and the key to the development of this cooperation is the insurance of the proper functioning of the transport market. The aim of the article is to present the current logistics connections between Poland and Eastern Partnership countries and problems of logistics connections and as well as alternative connections that create more favorable conditions for the cooperation.
EN
An essential factor in speeding up an economy’s development and raising its competitiveness is improving the condition of its transport infrastructure, which should be modernised and expanded to strengthen the social and economic cohesion of the country. The current development level and technical condition of Poland’s transport infrastructure is a main barrier to economic growth and modernisation of the country and is hampering the country’s integration with the EU in the area of transport policy. The article presents the condition and development prospects for Poland’s transport infrastructure in the years 2000–2010 with a particular focus on road, rail and air transport. The article also shows the financial opportunities in developing the country’s transport infrastructure that have been created by EU regional policy. The deeper analysis covers the distribution and size of allocations predicted for the transport infrastructure in regional operating programmes for the years 2007–2013.
EN
In part I of the paper discussed the evolution of the objectives of the COMMON TRANSPORT POLICY over the last 20 years, of a major impact on the level of spatial cohesion achieved, and ensuring competitive, reliable, safe and environmentally friendly transport opportunities. On that basis, dilemmas regarding the outcomes of their implementation after 2020 until 2050 are analyzed. 3 options for policy outcomes are formulated: POLICY OPTION I suggesting the pursuit of the applicable policy, i.e. the completion of the construction of the motorway network in Poland, with possible difficulties for the State budget. POLICY OPTION II assumes that there will be a shift of some road traffic onto rail following the launch of an adequate fee and toll policy, decreasing the burden placed on car transportation. Finally, POLICY OPTION III delineates the perspective of a sustainable and durable transport development thanks to appropriate allocations of funds, and, in consequence, an improved competitiveness of national traffic and the completion of the construction of motorway infrastructure. The choice of policy option may have dramatic implications as to Poland's ability to manage its development opportunities ahead.
EN
The aim of the paper is to analyze the selected investment in transport infrastructure in terms of its impact on the economy at the local level. The study involves ten gminas within a 60 km radius (approximately 1 hour’s traveling distance) of Poznań. Using the available statistical data set, it was determined whether the construction of the motorway had an impact on the number and the structure of enterprises located in the surveyed communities, the levels of gmina revenues, and the situation on the labour market. Performed analysis allowed reaching a positive verification of the research hypothesis, which predicts that the A2 did not have a decisive impact on the economic development of the gminas. In all of the included aspects, gminas located along the A2 were characterized by a relatively high level of economic development compared to the Wielkopolskie Voivodship and the rest of Poland. At the same time, the level of development was lower when compared with gminas within the Poznań Poviat. These results suggest that the decisive factor in shaping the level of economic development was their geographic location in relation to the nearby urban agglomeration of Poznań.
EN
The aim of the research is to check, verify and assess the state of the state’s transport infrastructure to ensure military mobility. The study contains research results on the impact of the state’s transport infrastructure on the mobility and freedom of movement of troops within the territory of Poland. The research focused on identifying infrastructural barriers limiting the movement of military equipment with increased dimensions and own weight, requiring increased load-bearing capacity of engineering facilities as one of the important determinants affecting Poland’s military security.
EN
The article presents the railway entity PKP LHS Sp. z o.o. and its role in the development of the New Silk Road. In consequence, the increase in traffic on the Silk Road with the participation of Polish companies translates into the economic development of the Lublin Province and the development of border crossings in that province. The importance of transport corridors and the participation of PKP LHS in the development of those corridors have been highlighted. Investment assumptions have been presented, the effects of which will be visible in a few years, strengthening the potential and economic capabilities of the province.
EN
The article discusses legal framework, structural aspects and proposals for future development of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T), i.e. a planned set of road, rail, air and water transport networks in Europe that is of fundamental importance to the free movement of citizens and goods. The author describes current involvement of Poland in the TEN-T, presents obstacles and introduces challenges related to our participation in the evolution of the European single transport area in the forthcoming decades.
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Transeuropejskie sieci transportowe (TEN-T)

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EN
The article discusses legal framework, structural aspects and proposals for future development of the Trans - European Transport Networks (TEN - T), i.e. a planned set of road, rail, air and water transport networks in Europe that is of fundamental importance to the free movement of citizens and goods. The author describes current involvement of Poland in the TEN - T, presents obstacles and introduces challenges related to our participation in the evolution of the European single transport area in the forthcoming decades.
EN
The article addresses the issue of large infrastructure projects and discusses lessons learnt and best practices developed in this area. The paper begins with highlighting the importance of such projects for the economy and reviewing future needs for transport investment. Next, the case studies from the Netherlands (Betuweroute railway line), the United Kingdom (West Coast Main Line) and Slovakia (Bratislava ring road) are presented. In conclusion, the author discusses how decision makers might benefit from best practices in large infrastructure projects management.
EN
All we have witnessed several summits of the so-called G-20 to overcome the crisis and attempt to delineate the ”look” of new rules of the emerging new world economic system. However, according to many experts, these rules will not be able to radically change the current system of economic relations, which is based on the processes of globalization and economic interpenetration of the world. One can list the many elements of the system. Among them, as a manifestation of a growing specialization of production, and deepening of cooperative relations in the world the special role is played by multi-modal logistics centers (MLC), of both regional and global concern. If stock and commodity exchanges are the link in the global economy, meanwhile a multimodal logistics centers serve as their practical and technical support.
EN
The article addresses the issue of large infrastructure projects and discusses lessons learnt and best practices developed in this area. The paper begins with highlighting the importance of such projects for the economy and reviewing future needs for transport investment. Next, the case studies from the Netherlands (Betuweroute railway line), the United Kingdom (West Coast Main Line) and Slovakia (Bratislava ring road) are presented. In conclusion, the author discusses how decision makers might benefit from best practices in large infrastructure projects management.
EN
The objective of this article is to examine sources of financing road transport infrastructure in Poland. In the first section, the author compares expenses incurred on the road infrastructure by the Polish government and local-government with other EU member states’ expenses. The second section focuses on legal framework for financing road transport infrastructure. The final section contains an analysis of public expenditures on development of the road network in Poland (it covers 2008–2011 years and is conducted on the basis of public statistics).
EN
The objective of this article is to examine sources of financing road transport infrastructure in Poland. In the first section, the author compares expenses incurred on the road infrastructure by the Polish government and local-government with other EU member states’ expenses. The second section focuses on legal framework for financing road transport infrastructure. The final section contains an analysis of public expenditures on development of the road network in Poland (it covers 2008–2011 years and is conducted on the basis of public statistics).
EN
The aim of the article is to show how the most essential element of air transport point infrastructure, i.e., the airport, affects the development of tourism. This influence will be shown with particular emphasis on Warsaw - the capital of Poland and its largest city. The article discusses the definitions of transport and its infrastructure, with particular emphasis on point infrastructure. The article demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of airport transport. In addition, the concept of tourism was explained with a clear indication of its economic functions. To conduct the research, descriptive and explanatory methods were used, including interpretative, analytical, and cause-effect methods. The main technique was to collect and analyze numerical data showing the regularities of tourists and their expenses, broken down into domestic and foreign ones, as well as numerical data on means of transport and the role of the Chopin international airport in Warsaw. The conclusions are drawn based on the conducted research clearly indicate the key role of the airport as a factor in the development of tourism.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wykazanie skali wpływu wybranego elementu infrastruktury transportu jakim jest port lotniczy na rozwój turystyki. Relacja ta została dowiedziona na przykładzie Warszawy – stolicy państwa i jednocześnie największego miasta w Polsce oraz Lotniska Chopina (Warsaw Chopin Airport). W artykule dokonano przeglądu definicji transportu oraz infrastruktury transportu ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem infrastruktury punktowej. Poddano analizie zalety i wady transportu lotniczego. Ponadto zinterpretowano pojęcie turystyki z punktu widzenia realizowanych przez nią funkcji gospodarczych. W celu przeprowadzenia badań wykorzystano metody opisowe i wyjaśniające, w tym metody interpretacyjne, analityczne i przyczynowo skutkowe. Zastosowane techniki badawcze polegały na zgromadzeniu a następnie poddaniu analizie eksploracyjnej danych liczbowych w celu identyfikacji prawidłowości dotyczących ruchu turystycznego w relacji do danych o wykorzystywanych gałęziach transportu. Wnioski sformułowane na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań jednoznacznie wskazują na transport lotniczy, a w szczególności na port lotniczy jako kluczową determinantę w rozwoju turystyki.
EN
The paper presents the history of Kowary–Kamienna Góra railway in the time of German administration, including problems associated with its construction, technical infrastructure and functioning. This establishment was compared to other similar railway lines in Lower Silesia. The results of the archive queries allow for a conclusion that this railway did not differ from other such ventures within its category.
EN
The presence of high-capacity transportation infrastructure is often regarded by specialist literature as a factor in territorial development. Based on the author’s analysis, this article is focused on the formulation of development scenarios in motorway corridors on the model of the D3 motorway in Central Bohemia. The main factors observed are the improved accessibility of Prague as the country’s socioeconomic hub and increased attractiveness of the territory for residential and industrial activities. The state of the documents on spatial planning of pertinent municipalities is evaluated. The presence of the motorway seems to be an important factor in development, as it improves the accessibility of nearby settlements and enhances their attractiveness for development activities. In particular, there is a positive impact on the inner periphery, in which complicated access and problematic socioeconomic structure of settlements have caused regressive development. As to prospects for spatial planning, it can be concluded that municipalities have created proper conditions for the construction of the D3 motorway and are ready to meet requirements generated by the presence of a high-capacity road.
CS
Přítomnost kapacitní dopravní infrastruktury je v odborné literatuře často vnímána jako rozvojový faktor území. Tento článek se na základě autorské analýzy soustředí na formulaci scénářů rozvoje v koridoru dálnice na příkladu plánované dálnice D3, respektive její části ve Středočeském kraji. Hlavními sledovanými faktory jsou změna časové dostupnosti Prahy, jakožto hlavního socioekonomického centra, a proměna atraktivity území pro rezidenční a průmyslové aktivity, při současném zhodnocení připravenosti územně plánovací dokumentace dotčených obcí. Ve formulovaných scénářích se přítomnost dálnice D3 projevuje jako významný rozvojový faktor, který významně ovlivňuje nejen dostupnost obcí v její blízkosti, ale také zvyšující atraktivitu obcí pro rozvojové aktivity. Přítomnost dálnice D3 pozitivně ovlivní zejména oblast tzv. vnitřní periferie, ve které v důsledku komplikované dostupnosti a problematické socioekonomické struktury v systému osídlení probíhá regresivní vývoj. Z pohledu územně plánovací přípravy lze konstatovat, že v obcích jsou vytvořeny podmínky pro realizaci dálnice D3 i pro potenciální zvýšené požadavky na rozvoj, které s sebou přítomnost vysokokapacitní komunikace přináší.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie omawianych w literaturze przedmiotu współzależności między rozwojem gospodarczym a rozwojem infrastruktury i innowacyjnością. Dalej – wykazanie, że na rozwój gospodarczy wpływa oprócz innowacyjności także wyposażenie w infrastrukturę transportu. Weryfikacji poddane zostaną hipotezy: 1) w gospodarkach rozwiniętych innowacyjność i wyposażenie w infrastrukturę transportu są ze sobą silnie skorelowane; 2) zarówno innowacyjność, jak i infrastruktura drogowa pozytywnie wpływają na rozwój gospodarczy. Hipotezy sformułowano na drodze poszukiwania odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy aby dyskontować profity płynące z innowacji należy najpierw zaspokoić potrzeby infrastruktury transportu.
EN
The aim of the article is to point discussed in the literature, the relationship between economic development and infrastructure development and innovation. Next – to demonstrate that economic development affects innovation in addition to the provision of infrastructure in transport. Will be subject to verification the hypotheses: 1) innovation in developed economies and equipment in transport infrastructure are highly correlated; 2) both innovation and road infrastructure have a positive impact on economic development. The hypotheses formulated in the search for answers to the question of whether to discount the profits flowing from innovation must first meet the needs of transport infrastructure.
EN
A well-developed transport system that guarantees social and industrial development is a stable foundation for the economic growth of every country. Transport is responsible for carrying people and goods not only in a given country, but it also contributes to the significant integration of countries on the international arena, which directly affects the development of tourism and the constant improvement of the quality of life. The evolution of transport systems is extremely important. It is strongly influenced by growing consumerism, the progressing phenomenon of globalization, as well as the modernization of transport infrastructure. The constant development of transport allows a given country economy to become a competitive economy, increases the level of security of people and goods, and also guarantees a huge number of jobs. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the transport system of Japan and China, including the directions of transport policy development in the countries concerned. The analysis was carried out on the basis of critical analysis of the source literature and the analysis of statistical data on transport infrastructure. The author of this article also assessed the transport systems in the countries indicated, taking into account the current advancement of the activities of the entities responsible for transport policy. The article is intended to verify the following thesis: effective management of the transport system is the result of an efficient transport policy in the economic, social, environmental and spatial aspect.
PL
Stabilnym fundamentem wzrostu gospodarczego każdego kraju jest odpowiednio rozwinięty system transportowy, który gwarantuje rozwój społeczny oraz przemysłowy. Transport odpowiada poza przemieszczanie osób oraz towarów nie tylko w danym kraju, ale także przyczynia się do znaczącej integracji państw na arenie międzynarodowej, co bezpośrednio wpływa na rozwój turystyki oraz stałe podnoszenia jakości życia. Niezwykle istotna przy tym okazuje się ewolucja systemów transportowych, na którą ogromny wpływ wywiera rosnący konsumpcjonizm, postępujące zjawisko globalizacji, a także modernizacja infrastruktury transportowej. Stały rozwój transportu pozwala, aby dana gospodarka kraju stała się gospodarką konkurencyjną, zwiększa poziom bezpieczeństwa osób oraz towarów, a także gwarantuje ogromną liczbę miejsc pracy. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeprowadzenie analizy systemu transportowego Japonii i Chin wraz z uwzględnieniem kierunków rozwoju polityki transportowej w danych krajach. Analiza została przeprowadzona w oparciu o krytyczną analizę literatury przedmiotu oraz analizę danych statystycznych dotyczących infrastruktury transportowej. Autorka niniejszego artykułu dokonała także oceny systemów transportowych we wskazanych krajach biorąc pod uwagę obecne zaawansowanie działań podmiotów odpowiedzialnych za politykę transportową. Artykuł ma służyć weryfikacji następującej tez: efektywne zarządzanie systemem transportowym jest wynikiem sprawnie realizowanej polityki transportowej w aspekcie ekonomicznym, społecznym, środowiskowym oraz przestrzennym.
EN
Accessibility indicators can be defined to reflect both within-region transport infrastructure and infrastructure outside the region which affect the region (interregional infrastructure). The new geography models show that increase of accessibility may have no positive impact on poor regions development. The only regions on which it may have an effect are those which are rich or those situated on transport corridors. In countries like Poland transport infrastructure might be effective. However the main result of SASI model and IASON project is that socio-economic trends such as ageing of the population and increases of labour productivity have much stronger impact on cohesion indicators (GDP or employment) than regional transport accessibility.
PL
Wskaźniki dostępności transportowej mogą odzwierciedlać zmiany w infrastrukturze transportu o charakterze zarówno intraregionalnym, jak i interregionalnym. Modele tzw. nowej geografii ekonomicznej pokazują, że wzrost dostępności transportowej może nie mieć żadnego pozytywnego wpływu na rozwój biednych regionów. Korzystają regiony bogate lub te położone w korytarzach transportowych. W krajach takich jak Polska infrastruktura transportu może być efektywna. Jednak główny wniosek z modelu SASI i projektu IASON jest taki, że trendy społeczno-ekonomiczne, takie jak starzenie się społeczeństw lub wzrost wydajności pracy, mają o wiele większy wpływ na kształtowanie się wskaźników kohezyjnych (PKB lub zatrudnienia) niż regionalna dostępność transportowa.
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