Search results - CEJSH

1

On the Position of Ubi within East Chadic

100%

Blažek V.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2011

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vol. 53

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issue 1

41-55

EN

In the article the position of a recently described East Chadic language Ubi is solved. For this aim the lexicostatistic method was used. Contrary to the classification proposed in Ethnologue16, Ubi and Mawa should be classified together with Sokoro and Barain and not together with Bidiya, Dangla, Migama, etc.

2

Post-military areas as space for business opportunities and innovation

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Szczyrba Z., Hercik J.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2012

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vol. 19

142-152

EN

One of the characteristic features of the transformation processes taking place in the post-communist countries of Central Europe is the emergence of unused buildings and sites – so-called brownfields. These can be divided into several kinds, according to their original function. One of these is also the so-called military brownfield. Most of such areas were transferred, after the most necessary clean-up, to municipalities, which approached and still approach their further utilization highly individually, in connection with the character of the site as well as that of the municipality itself. Equally individual is the respective successfulness or unsuccessfulness of the revitalization of post-military areas as measured by differing indicators. The functions which revitalized former military areas have acquired are varied. One of the most common is the production function (e.g. industrial zones), residential function (housing zones), production-residential (a mix of production and housing) and production-servicing (a mix of production and services). The following contribution will first analyze demilitarization in the Czech Republic from the point of view of systemic changes in the Czech military doctrine; in the second part case studies are introduced, illustrating the transformational changes in selected settlements, caused by the loss of their military function.

3

Innovation environment in the Czech Republic

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Vančura M., Mintálová T., Toušek V., Blažek M.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2010

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vol. 16

58-66

EN

The by-product of the current global economic processes is increasing competitive pressure. In conditions of world economy globalization, the Czech Republic was particularly successful in the 1990s, mainly due to the strategy of “low cost economy”. Low costs were the primary source of competitive advantage. Increasing pressure of large countries with cheap labour force does not allow the Czech Republic make its labour costs lower and use this as a source of economic growth and international competitiveness. Therefore the Czech Republic was forced to direct its further economic development towards the knowledge-based economy. Due to this new priority, in the economic policy the innovative abilities of the companies, increasing quality of human resources, as well as research and development of the new technologies became the most important tasks. For the most of companies these trends were tantamount with the necessity of basic changes in production process organization, management, human resources development, etc. Both inner and outer entrepreneurial environments were thus considerably changed and innovative companies become the carriers of comparative advantages in the regional development. The objective of the article is to assess the current position of the Czech Republic in international perspective as far as the innovative efficiency is concerned. The authors also will try to point the strong and weak sides of the innovation system in the Czech Republic. The second part of the paper analyses the innovative potential of particular Czech regions.

4

From Eurogovernmentalism to Hard Euroscepticism—Genesis of the Czech Liberal-Conservative “Anti-EU” Stream

100%

Cabada L.

The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs

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2015

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issue 2

19-43

EN

An analysis of the development and programmatic standpoint of the Czech liberal-conservative political stream. The article uses the concept of Euroscepticism as presented in the works of Szczerbiak and Taggart, and Kopecký and Mudde as the theoretical framework and develops this concept based on Petr Kaniok’s new typology. In the first part of the analysis is a discussion of the development of the Eurosceptic faction within the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and changes in the party’s position towards the EU. It also lends understanding to the Eurosceptic faction within the ODS, with Václav Klaus as its supporter and think tanks related to him, as the incubator for the establishment of the Party of Free Citizens (SSO) in 2009. In the second part of the analysis, the focus is on the party’s programme and its position within the European political arena. The analysis also includes a discussion of the most visible proclamations of the party leaders against the EU and the European integration process. The analysis is framed with the general debate about the liberal-conservative party family and its development at the EU level.

5

Co strany sdílejí na Facebooku? Analýza příspěvků českých politických stran před volbami 2010 a 2013

80%

Klapal O.

Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)

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2016

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issue 1

69-96

EN

The aim of this article is to describe what types of content Czech political parties shared during the election campaigns in 2010 and 2013 and to explore which themes of prioritized policies they presented on Facebook. Presenting their policies should give them greater influence in setting the public agenda. Another aim was to determine whether parties highlighted the same policy themes on Facebook as they did in their manifestos. This should suggest whether they were targeting specific voter segments on Facebook. Content analysis was used to analyse political parties’ posts and manifestos. It was revealed that parties mostly informed the public about their campaigns. However, they also paid a certain attention to presentation of their policies. This suggests that political parties tried to use Facebook to set the public agenda. Among the most popular themes during both campaigns were the economy and social policy. This could be caused by the economic crisis and a dominant socio-economic cleavage in Czech society. Justice was the most popular theme in 2013, probably as a consequence of many corruption scandals. The structure of the themes in election programmes and on Facebook was different, but it seems that on Facebook parties were targeting their traditional voters rather than specific segments.

6

Decommunization as a digital utopia: digitization of the communist state security archives in the Czech Republic

80%

Sommer V.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

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2021

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vol. 13

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issue 1

82-109

EN

This article discusses the issue of the digitization of the archival materials of the Czechoslovak State Security (StB), the most important instrument of repressive policy during the communism (1948–1989). After 1989, a number of public disputes arose around the issue of the vast archive of the communist ministry of the interior. This situation reverberated in historiography, as well as in a broader public debate on what was called “coming to terms with the communist past”. With the arrival of digital technologies, digitization became a central point of this long and politicized debate. Seemingly a technical problem – digitization of archival materials that had been created by the State Security between 1948 and 1989 – became a battlefield of bitter disputes over who and how these materials should be stored, made accessible and interpreted.

7

Z popularizační palety profesora Pavla Olivy, DrSc. (K 90. narozeninám učence, pedagoga, překladatele a popularizátora antického starověku)

80%

Lisový I.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2013

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vol. 4

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issue 2

187-194

EN

The contribution is devoted to a frequently overlooked, yet very important aspect of the professional activity of the Czech scholar, pedagogue and translator Pavel Oliva, who is celebrating his 90th birthday this November. The author of this contribution defined important facets of his work, which have not yet been evaluated in Czech Classical studies so far: producing portraits of significant historical figures (Solon, Demosthenes, Polybius, Spartacus), popular-synthetic synopses about the history and culture of Ancient Greece, encyclopaedic entries, translations of Classical authors (Greek poetry, Polybius, Demosthenes, Aristotle), and the Holocaust as a memory of a distant past.

8

Reporting to the Police as a Response to Intimate Partner Violence

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Podaná Z.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2010

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vol. 46

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issue 3

453–474

EN

Research on police involvement in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) focuses mainly on best intervention strategies and often neglects the key prerequisite of any intervention: the victim’s decision to contact the police. This article concentrates on the circumstances that make IPV incidents more likely to be reported to the police, and it also analyses the reasons for victims’ not reporting and for their distrust of the police. It makes use of data from the Czech part of the International Violence Against Women Survey, which allows us to analyse the reporting behaviour of 709 female victims of IPV. The reporting rate among them is very low – only 8%. Logistic regression models of reporting confirmed the high relevance of the features of the particular incident and revealed also several factors related to the history of violence in the relationship; on the other hand, the victim’s resources were found to have no influence. Distrust of the police proved to be an important factor for not reporting to the police (29% of women), and further analysis of this factor suggested the possible occurrence of learned helplessness syndrome among some victims. An additional substantial outcome of this study is its highlighting of the importance of different forms of psychological abuse (threats vs. control) which have diverse effects on victims’ reporting behaviour.

9

'The core of my work is in being with people who do not practise faith in any way': the self-perception of Czech hospital chaplains

80%

Beláňová A.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2022

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vol. 58

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issue 3

285-308

EN

The article focuses on the understudied topic of contemporary hospital chaplaincy in the Czech Republic, its development, and the current issues this work is dealing with. Based on a study conducted among Czech hospital chaplains affiliated with the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren, the Roman Catholic Church, the Czechoslovak Hussite Church, and the Church of Seventh Day Adventists, the article examines the experiences of Christian providers of spiritual care in the secularised environment of a hospital and sheds light on how they perceive their work and role. Two waves of interviews were conducted among thirteen hospital chaplains, male and female, and subjected to an applied thematic analysis. This produced four thematic areas that the article explores in detail: (1) the localisation of the chaplaincy within the hospital, (2) the chaplains' methods of working with patients, (3) the chaplains' relationships with other hospital personnel, and (4) the self-identification of the hospital chaplains. The results of this research revealed that the secularised environment of the Czech Republic is a crucial factor that affects the work of chaplains in several ways, but their role in the hospital has at the same time developed in ways that are separate from their religious affiliation, as the understanding dialogue they engage in with patients forms a core part of their work.

10

The Perceptron of Security in the Programs of Czech Political Parties

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Czyżniewski M.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2017

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vol. 1 (46)

40–62

EN

Author analyzed the programs of all Czech political parties which have their representatives in the Chamber of Deputies in the parliamentary term 2013–2017, assuming that political programs are a reflection of the public discourse, and of the public eye. Security is one of the most important categories in the programs of Czech political parties, in some literally the most important, however, this importance is determined through quantitative, not qualitative, perspective. Diagnosis and solutions are similar in all cases, what allows to conclude that security is not a factor differentiating the Czech political scene.

11

‘They seemed like super businessmen’ : financial instruments in social housing policy

80%

Čada K.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2018

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vol. 5

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issue 2

56-67

EN

This article explores the trajectory of so-called guaranteed social housing in the Czech Republic as an example of penetrating financial instruments into the public policy realm. The project, promoted by the government’s Agency for Social Inclusion, was intended to encourage private landlords to rent their properties to people in need through commercial insurance against the risk of rent defaults. Using policy documents, media and interviews with governmental officers, the article describes the performative strength of financial instruments in the sphere traditionally occupied by the welfare state. In financialisation literature, the proliferation of financial instruments is often described as a one-way process in which these instruments colonise public domains. However, the empirical case discussed in the article shows that this process is much more complex and contingent, and financial instruments are not used as the best option but rather as a last resort in a situation marked by weak policies.

12

Present consequences of the post-war migration in the Czech borderland for regional development

80%

Vaishar A., Dvořák P., Nosková H., Zapletalová J.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2017

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vol. 36

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issue 4

EN

Czechia lost more than 3,000,000 inhabitants as a result of the WW II. Germans displaced from the borderland formed the largest part. The newcomers after 1945 were of a different character – without any relation to their new settlements. This population formed a special social milieu familiar with the socialist way of thinking and that of a suppressed middle class. The consequences of it are seen in demographic, economic, environmental and social areas. After 1989, the factories in the borderland were mostly closed down, armies left the territory, people were not prepared to start their own businesses. Large-scale landscape protection formed a new barrier. Tourism is not able to substitute for the decrease in employment. The hope in cross-border collaboration has been overestimated.

13

Přechod mezi střední a vysokou školou a role různých modelů přijímacích řízení

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Konečný T., Basl J., Mysliveček J.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2010

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vol. 46

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issue 1

43–72

EN

The study evaluates the potential impact of alternative models of university entrance exams – a model based on field-specific knowledge and a model relying on general aptitude tests – in the context of the Czech education system since 1998, a system that can be described as highly stratified and suffering from a notable excess of demand for higher education over supply. Using the dataset Sonda Maturant 1998, the authors show that entrance exams based on general aptitude tests may outperform the field-specific knowledge model in terms of providing access to talented students from a lower socioeconomic background. The simulations show that under the general aptitude regime the relative chances of an applicant with a university-educated father are only one-quarter higher than the relative chances of a student with a less educated father, compared to more than a one-third difference in the case of the regime emphasising field-specific knowledge. For mother’s education, the respective odds ratios differ by the even larger margin of 28 percentage points.

14

The Evaluation of the Role of the Office for Protection of Competition of the Czech Republic in Regulating Public Procurement

80%

Plaček M., Ochrana F., Schmidt M., Půček M.

NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy

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2016

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vol. 9

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issue 1

97-116

EN

Our study offers additional insight into the Office for Protection of Competition. It examines the Office for Protection of Competition in terms of an input-process-output model, defines the inputs needed for its activities and examines the outputs of its control activities. It also identifies external factors (in the environment) that affect the performance and behavior of the Office for Protection of Competition and have an impact on inspection activities. The theoretical background as well as assumptions are then subjected to empirical scrutiny. Theoretical conclusions and recommendations for more effective control of public contracts are drawn from the conclusions which are established.

15

Water scarcity: regional analyses in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018

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Hejduková P., Kureková L.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2020

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vol. 11

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issue 1

161-181

EN

Research background: Water is a scarce natural resource essential for life and also many economic activities. Scarcity of drinking water is a problem that is ad-dressed at national and international levels. Global water demand continues to rise, but the quantity and quality of water resources is declining in many regions. Recent surveys of the population of the Czech Republic show that the most serious global problems are waste accumulation, water pollution, lack of drinking water and air pollution. Average temperatures continue to rise across Europe due to climate change and water is expected to become increasingly scarce in many areas. An adequate supply of good-quality water is a pre-requisite for economic and social development, and thus it is necessary to learn to save water and better manage our available resources in this area. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study was to investigate to what degree environmental problems - especially the issue of drinking water scarcity - have been evaluated in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018 and whether the fear of a lack of drinking water has motivated water conservation. Methods: A regional analysis of water availability in the Czech Republic and the possible causes of water scarcity has been carried out. Subsequently, selected socio-economic factors that could have an impact on the assessment of drinking water scarcity are analyzed using Gamma and Kendall's Tau and logistic regression. The analyzed time period is from 2014 to 2018. Microdata was taken from the Centre for Research of Public Opinion, and selected regional-level statistics from the Czech Statistical Office have been added to this data to supplement it. Findings & Value added: The perception of drinking water shortages is not only influenced by indicators representing the volume and price of water in each region, but can also be determined by other socio-economic factors such as income, gender, age and education.

16

Flexicurity - Challenge to Improve Czech Labour Market

80%

Potužáková Z.

Review of Economic Perspectives

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2009

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vol. 9

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issue 4

227-241

EN

Flexicurity reflects the current basic trend of the EU in guaranteeing high employment levels and attainability of national fiscal systems. It was introduced in Denmark in the 1990s and significantly helped reduce unemployment levels. The Czech labour market, despite the transformation process, has still space for further improvement, especially in the time of economic slow-down. The best way is to try to apply elements and components which have been already successfully implemented in the other EU Member States. The aim of the paper is (based on the statistical indicators and official documents concerning labour markets topic) to describe the basic function of the model and find the components of the flexicurity model which could be used also in the Czech Republic and change labour market operation.

17

Sharing Economy Regulation in the Czech Republic: the Theoretical Framework of Analysis

80%

Radek S.

Littera Scripta

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2018

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issue 2

106-115

EN

Sharing economy iscurrently one of the main phenomena, primarily in the context of developing Smart Cities and smart economy. The most well-known examples of sharing economy have been in the fields of accomodation and car sharing. However, the possibilities of sharing economy are much larger. The quick development of sharing economy soon encountered the restrictions of traditional regulatory frameworks of national economies and decision-making processes of municipalities and cities, which were not ready for this phenomenon. This resulted in massive protests of traditional economy branches that request that the regulatory measures do not change - these were often implemented before the invention of the internet or the development of IT technologies. Politicians have had similar reactions, without effectively solving problems connected to the commencement of sharing economies. The paper focuses on defining the term sharing economy and on the possibilities of a new regulatory environment that would be governed by the principles of the so-called better regulation. The text defines clear critearia how to evaluate sharing economy and how to correctly estimate its potential for the development of cities, municipalities, and national economies.

18

Direct democracy in the political system of the Czech Republic: Current status and prospects for the future

80%

Koźbiał K.

Political Preferences

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2018

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issue 21

17-27

EN

Czech experience in the field of referendums is rather limited. Only one nationwide referendum which has been held so far, took place in 2003 and concerned the membership of the Republic in the European Union. The experience of referendums at the local level is incomparably richer: decisions related to environmental matters have gained importance. The greatest interest was raised by referendums on the creation of new municipalities, storage of radioactive waste and elements of radar to be included in the anti-missile shield. It is most probable that referendums will not be used more often than before at the state level in the Czech Republic in the future. This assumption is supported by the lack of such historical experiences as well as the unwillingness of political decision makers. Only local communities often use this kind of opportunity to express their stance on important matters. Significant support on the political scene has been obtained by groups who even call for direct democracy to play a more important role than before in the political system of the Republic. These are not the strongest parties in the Czech Parliament.

19

Mezinárodní výzkum kompetencí dospělých PIAAC: hlavní zjištění a implikace pro vzdělávací politiku

80%

Straková J., Veselý A.

Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)

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2015

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vol. 25

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issue 4

509-527

EN

The aim of this review article is to describe Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), summarize the basic findings and discuss possible implications for educational policy in the Czech Republic. We also discuss to what extent results from PIAAC complement empirical evidence from PISA, TIMSS and similar students’ assessments. We ask whether (and what) PIAAC reveals beyond these research projects. The article starts with a description of PIAAC methodology and it basic features. Second, we describe the results of the Czech population vis-à-vis other countries involved in the assessment. Third, we focus upon several core findings of PIAAC. In the final part we discuss implications of the findings for educational policy in the Czech Republic. PIAAC has confirmed several findings revealed in PISA and TIMSS, e.g. strong impact of socio-economic background upon students’ performance. Other findings, however, rather contradicted PISA and TIMSS. For instance, it was found that the results of Czechs aged 16–25 (which were under the international average in PISA and TIMSS) are above the average. PIAAC has been found to be unique and indispensable source of information, complementing students’ assessments. Although results in PISA and TIMSS are usually taken as a final and definitive indicator of the country’s stock of human capital, PIAAC has clearly demonstrated that at the age of 15 the competencies are far from definitely formed.

20

Přechod do dospělosti dlouhodobě nezaměstnaných absolventů učebních oborů z Brna a okolí

80%

Havlíková: J.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2010

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vol. 46

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issue 1

73–99

EN

The aim of this article is to provide insight into the circumstances of long-term unemployed graduates of (mostly) non-GCSE vocational programmes from the perspective of their transition to adulthood. The analytical framework used for this research is life course theory, according to which it is possible to approach the transition from youth to adulthood as a multiple transition. This point corresponds well with reality because young people follow at least three trajectories on their way to adulthood: from school to work, from family of origin to family of procreation, and from dependence to independence. The data necessary for the analysis were collected through repeated biographical and semi-structured interviews with 14 long-term unemployed graduates of non-GCSE vocational programmes and 6 employed graduates of vocational programmes as a reference group. Their implicit theories of adulthood, progress on the path to adulthood, and everyday strategies were examined in a qualitative data analysis, with special attention paid to contextual aspects. As for the dominant form of transition, the author found that long-term unemployment has a delaying impact on the transition to adulthood, above all owing to financial strain. These people suffer from prolonged economical dependency on their parents and remain at the threshold of the socially constructed path to adulthood. Typically there social status is vague.

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