This article provides a historical overview of aesthetics as a science, which showed that methodological problems of aesthetic education of the younger generation in modern society has an important place in philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, art, culture and others. The development of aesthetics is a direct reflection of the evolution of society. Studying the genesis, functioning in a society of aesthetic theories and beliefs, the history of aesthetics gives the necessary background for understanding the theoretical problems of aesthetic education. The dialectical method of cognition is known, it involves the unity of historical and theoretical approaches to the analysis of any phenomenon, so the problem of aesthetic education research carried out in the context of the evolution of the main aesthetic doctrines. Methodological problems of aesthetic education of the younger generation in modern society are investigated. Analysis of the literature confirms that aesthetic education depends, first, on the social and cultural environment, and secondly, is determined by psychophysiological and general development of the child. Therefore, aesthetic education is determined by natural talent, is spontaneously formed in a socio-cultural and educational environment; it determines life, artistic and aesthetic experience and it is updated through targeted educational influence. Thus, the conceptual basis of modern foreign research is orientation on upbringing of an individual with a stable aesthetic worldview based on human values and priorities. On the other hand, unbiased analysis shows that the views of scientists on this important issue are ambiguous and constitute a mosaic picture on the level of theoretical and empirical considerations and need further research. The study used the following methods: analysis of philosophical, historical, art, psychological and educational literature of the study; comparison, generalization and systematization of scientific-theoretical information on the problem of aesthetic education of the individual.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the interpretive potential of disgust, examining the pop culture zombie figure. The analyses are conducted from the perspective of aesthetic education. The author focuses on such aspects of the zombie figure as: epidemic, impurity, concept of the Other, abjection, the body, and corporeality. The literature used in the analyses comes from various disciplines: psychology, philosophy, aesthetics, pedagogy, etc.
Artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji na temat procesu dyscyplinaryzacji dyskursu pedagogiczno-estetycznego. Punktem odniesienia dla przeprowadzonej analizy jest koncepcja pedagogiki sztuki autorstwa Dariusza Kubinowskiego. W niniejszym tekście autorka wskazuje na możliwość szerszego – wykraczającego poza obszar sztuki – ujęcia przedmiotu zainteresowania wyłaniającej się subdyscypliny, postrzeganej jako kolejny etap naukowej refleksji nad problemem wychowania estetycznego. Argumenty wspierające powyższą możliwość zostaną wywiedzione zarówno z tradycji wychowania estetycznego, jak i osiągnięć współczesnej estetyki oraz estetyki empirycznej jako kluczowych dla prowadzonych rozważań. Jednocześnie autorka proponuje stosowanie nazwy „pedagogika estetyczna”. Przyjęcie szerszego przedmiotu badań stwarza, z jednej strony, szansę skumulowania w ramach subdyscypliny dotychczasowych ustaleń badawczych pedagogów zgłębiających estetyczne wymiary rzeczywistości w relacji do wychowania/edukacji, z drugiej – otwiera na nowe obszary dociekań.
EN
The paper contributes to the discussion on the process of making the pedagogic and aesthetic discourse an academic discipline. The concept of art pedagogy developed by Dariusz Kubinowski serves as the reference point for the analysis. In the text, the author highlights the possibility of adopting a broader approach – going beyond the field of art – to the research focus of the emerging sub-discipline which is perceived as the next stage in the scientific reflection on the issue of aesthetic education. The arguments supporting this possibility will be drawn from traditional approach to aesthetic education and the achievements of contemporary aesthetics and empirical aesthetics, which are crucial for the ongoing discussion. At the same time, the author proposes to use the term “aesthetic pedagogy.” Adoption of a broader research focus, on the one hand, creates an opportunity to consolidate within the sub-discipline the existing research findings of educators exploring the aesthetic dimensions of reality in relation to upbringing/education, while on the other, it opens up new areas for inquiry.
The article presents the 50-year history of the Theory of Aesthetic Education Unit established in 1967 within the Chair of General Education at the Faculty of Education at the University of Warsaw. In those days, the issues studied at the Theory of Aesthetic Education Unit were innovative, connected with the quest for the restoration of education and the formation of the integral man. They also expressed the expectations and hopes that were widespread in Poland after 1956. Moreover, those issues correlated with the revelation of the idea of “education for the future”, consolidating the meaning of the “inspirational duty of education”. The Unit’s activities were reflected in research studies, doctoral dissertations and publications, as well as in the practical experiences, in terms of university and school education and cooperation with teachers and institutions involved in the diffusion of culture. The article shows how, in difficult and historically variable circumstances, an interdisciplinary theoretical structure was shaped, simultaneously with an integrated pedagogical process. This concept, inspired by the classical thought of Polish and foreign authors, reveals a wide range of educational opportunities for art in an interdisciplinary perspective, as well as in the form of distinct artistic disciplines. Art education is understood as education towards and through art; it is the foundation of the humanistic orientation of educating the integral man, enriching general education.
Suchodolski places education through art in the context of important questions and the pedagogic tasks of the 20th century. He deals with the issues of aesthetic education from the perspective of historical transformations. He pays particular attention to the new meaning of art in the new situation of access to culture by broad masses who had previously been deprived of such a privilege. He was among the first to draw attention to the new pedagogic challenge of managing people’s leisure time. As he points out, the new technologies of reproducing pieces of art aid the popularisation of art among the masses. Suchodolski sees the role of art in three dimensions: (1) cognitive, (2) compensational, and (3) hermeneutical, concerning the understanding of the conflict between man and the man-made world. The value of art and its educational power is related to posing major existential questions. It points to an important role of school in education through art.
This article shows the author’s development path. In the first part of the text: Significant inspirations. From early childhood to doctoral thesis, the author discusses the impact of the most significant people from his family background and intellectuals on the current level of his general theoretical knowledge and practice in aesthetic education, including the multiple experiences of working in agricultural schools as well as the ministerial pedagogical supervision. In the second part: Pedagogy of culture as an inspiration for educational theories and practice, the author shows the stages from 1995 to the revived pedagogy of culture, signalling its multiple effects, also in the field of aesthetic education.
This article shows the author’s development path. In the first part of the text: Significant inspirations. From early childhood to doctoral thesis, the author discusses the impact of the most significant people from his family background and intellectuals on the current level of his general theoretical knowledge and practice in aesthetic education, including the multiple experiences of working in agricultural schools as well as the ministerial pedagogical supervision. In the second part: Pedagogy of culture as an inspiration for educational theories and practice, the author shows the stages from 1995 to the revived pedagogy of culture, signalling its multiple effects, also in the field of aesthetic education.
The article presents the 50-year history of the Theory of Aesthetic Education Unit established in 1967 within the Chair of General Education at the Faculty of Education at the University of Warsaw. In those days, the issues studied at the Theory of Aesthetic Education Unit were innovative, connected with the quest for the restoration of education and the formation of the integral man. They also expressed the expectations and hopes that were widespread in Poland after 1956. Moreover, those issues correlated with the revelation of the idea of “education for the future”, consolidating the meaning of the “inspirational duty of education”. The Unit’s activities were reflected in research studies, doctoral dissertations and publications, as well as in the practical experiences, in terms of university and school education and cooperation with teachers and institutions involved in the diffusion of culture. The article shows how, in difficult and historically variable circumstances, an interdisciplinary theoretical structure was shaped, simultaneously with an integrated pedagogical process. This concept, inspired by the classical thought of Polish and foreign authors, reveals a wide range of educational opportunities for art in an interdisciplinary perspective, as well as in the form of distinct artistic disciplines. Art education is understood as education towards and through art; it is the foundation of the humanistic orientation of educating the integral man, enriching general education.
The focus of research in the field of literature for children and youth on objects results from post‑humanistic methodologies and brings about interesting results. Objects play different roles in children’s texts, just as they play different roles in the works of artists, for instance Tadeusz Kantor and Joanna Rajkowska. By interpreting literary texts and works of art, I try to show that the representations of objects from both areas are similar and can serve to the aim of children’s aesthetic education.
The article deals with theoretical foundations of aesthetic education in the scientific thought of Poland. The integrative component of these theories is orientation on the education of the person with established aesthetic worldview, which is based on universal values and priorities. It is stressed that revival of Ukrainian national school provides aesthetization of all parts of the educational process, creation of the theoretical basis of aesthetic education of the individual. Academician Ivan Zyazyun believed that social-value qualities of a person and norms of conduct acquire personal meaning and significance only by understanding their essence and after the completion of their aesthetization. A set of rules is seen as an external factor, and the value is internal, aesthetic, mastered by the subject guide for life and is perceived as a spiritual intention. The author emphasizes that the so-called «mass culture» in all its varieties is often withdrawn from the Polish concepts of aesthetic education. However, at the end of the last century, researchers noted a significant impact of mass culture on the formation of personality and stressed that ignoring this phenomenon had led to serious shortcomings in the training of teachers. Conceptual foundations of aesthetic education were developed in Poland at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries by the philosophers of axiological direction. Important factors in the philosophical rationale for art education from the standpoint of aesthetic paradigm were the works of Ph. Znanetsky, R. Ingarden, V. Tatarkevych. In the theories of aesthetic education its important means is art education. The studies of Polish researchers-pedagogues concerning identification of the appropriate forms and methods of aesthetization of the educational process are aimed at assimilation of scientific-aesthetic thought of the English-speaking researchers. The attention is focused on the problems of formation of the human personality in its most diverse aesthetic manifestations. From the innovative positions in modern foreign pedagogical science the relationship between «aesthetic», «emotional», «creative», «individualized» education is interpreted, aesthetic and educational opportunities for all academic disciplines, the external environment are revealed. The most important function in achieving the goals of aesthetic education is assigned to the personality of the teacher, his professional skills.
The article examines aesthetic education of primary school pupils as an integral part of the national system of continuous art education in Japan. One of the most important traditional means of aesthetic education in Japan, according to L. Tsaryova is considered nature. Analysis of the scientific literature by domestic and foreign scientists suggests that instead of collective worship the Japanese established habits that help people develop artistic taste. Having considered the traditions of: tea ceremony, admiring nature; writing, which doesn’t differ from painting and so on, one should point out that the traditions are valuable and remain till nowadays thus promoting the aestheticization of the Japanese people.
Wypracowany w Polsce model wychowania estetycznego oparty na założeniu o potencjale rozwojowym sztuki rozwijany przez Bogdana Suchodolskiego i Irenę Wojnar został zaimplementowany do edukacji instytucjonalnej w XX wieku, znajdując wyraz w obowiązującym wówczas minimum programowym dla plastyki, którego treści były określone szczegółowo w programie nauczania. Obecnie proces kształcenia jest regulowany w zapisach podstaw programowych poprzez określenie celów, treści, zadań, efektów nauczania. Nauczycielom pozostawiono natomiast swobodę w doborze/opracowaniu programu nauczania, który określając szczegółowe cele edukacji oraz procedury ich osiągania wyznacza faktyczny zakres realizowanych założeń teoretycznych. Celem podjętych analiz jest określenie zakresu uwzględnienia postulatów wychowania estetycznego w realizowanej obecnie koncepcji kształcenia. Przeprowadzono analizę treści podstaw programowych dla przedmiotu plastyka obowiązujących w latach 1999-2024. Ustalono, że postulaty wychowania estetycznego zostały wplecione w treści podstaw programowych, jednak nie wybrzmiewają w nich w pełni. Ich konkretyzacja ma miejsce w wybranym programie nauczania plastyki, natomiast faktyczny zakres realizacji zależy przede wszystkim od świadomości nauczyciela w zakresie potencjału wychowawczego sztuki oraz jego determinacji do optymalnego jego wykorzystania w procesie edukacyjnym. Ujawnia to wagę procesu kształcenia przyszłych nauczycieli plastyki, w tym uświadomienia im potencjału edukacyjnego sztuki, co określa szansę jego optymalnego wykorzystania w praktyce edukacyjnej.
EN
The model of aesthetic education developed in Poland, based on Bogdan Suchodolski and Irena Wojnar's assumption of art's developmental potential, was implemented in institutional education in the twentieth century. It found expression in the then-mandatory minimum curriculum for art classes, the content of which was specified in detail in the curriculum. Nowadays, the core curriculum regulates the educational process by defining objectives, content, tasks and learning outcomes. On the other hand, teachers were given the freedom to choose/develop the curriculum, which, by defining the specific educational goals and the procedures for achieving them, determines the actual scope of the theoretical assumptions pursued. These analyses aim to determine the extent to which the postulates of aesthetic education are considered in the educational concept currently pursued. The core curriculum for art classes between 1999 and 2024 was analysed to determine whether postulates of aesthetic education were included in the learning objectives and content. It was found that the postulates of aesthetic education were woven into the core curricula content but did not entirely make an impact. Their concretisation occurs in the selected curriculum for art classes, while their actual scope of implementation depends primarily on the teacher's awareness of the educational potential of art and their determination to use this potential optimally in the education process. This reveals the importance of training future art teachers, including making them aware of art's educational potential, which determines the chance of its optimal use in educational practice.
The polish conception of aesthetic education began in the 1960s. The grounds of this theory were formulated by Bogdan Suchodolski, who recognised it as an integral part of general education. According to this theory, aesthetic education encompasses two areas: education for art, i.e. education for aesthetic sensibility and aesthetic culture, and education through art, i.e. development of full personality, also in the intellectual, moral, social, educational, imaginative and creative areas. Essential for the Polish theory of aesthetic education are the proposals and conclusions presented by Irena Wojnar, particularly her recognition of education through art as a creating an “open mind” attitude. A distinctive feature of Irena Wojnar’s pedagogical reflection on art is its interdisciplinary nature, which takes into account not only the educational one, but also the aesthetic, psychological and social perspective on the educational values and functions of art. The conceptions of visual art and musical education developed within the “general” theory of aesthetic education have been used in designing the music and visual arts curricula. The contemporary Polish theory of aesthetic education joined the stream of new educational thinking, in the perspective of cultural pluralism and new ethical and social obligations to individuals and to the world. The so perceived aesthetic education, recognised by UNESCO as an important part of education for culture, including the so-called human culture, deserves both the attention and interest of theorists as well as innovative practical solutions.
The polish conception of aesthetic education began in the 1960s. The grounds of this theory were formulated by Bogdan Suchodolski, who recognised it as an integral part of general education. According to this theory, aesthetic education encompasses two areas: education for art, i.e. education for aesthetic sensibility and aesthetic culture, and education through art, i.e. development of full personality, also in the intellectual, moral, social, educational, imaginative and creative areas. Essential for the Polish theory of aesthetic education are the proposals and conclusions presented by Irena Wojnar, particularly her recognition of education through art as a creating an “open mind” attitude. A distinctive feature of Irena Wojnar’s pedagogical reflection on art is its interdisciplinary nature, which takes into account not only the educational one, but also the aesthetic, psychological and social perspective on the educational values and functions of art. The conceptions of visual art and musical education developed within the “general” theory of aesthetic education have been used in designing the music and visual arts curricula. The contemporary Polish theory of aesthetic education joined the stream of new educational thinking, in the perspective of cultural pluralism and new ethical and social obligations to individuals and to the world. The so perceived aesthetic education, recognised by UNESCO as an important part of education for culture, including the so-called human culture, deserves both the attention and interest of theorists as well as innovative practical solutions.
The polish conception of aesthetic education began in the 1960s. The grounds of this theory were formulated by Bogdan Suchodolski, who recognised it as an integral part of general education. According to this theory, aesthetic education encompasses two areas: education for art, i.e. education for aesthetic sensibility and aesthetic culture, and education through art, i.e. development of full personality, also in the intellectual, moral, social, educational, imaginative and creative areas. Essential for the Polish theory of aesthetic education are the proposals and conclusions presented by Irena Wojnar, particularly her recognition of education through art as a creating an “open mind” attitude. A distinctive feature of Irena Wojnar’s pedagogical reflection on art is its interdisciplinary nature, which takes into account not only the educational one, but also the aesthetic, psychological and social perspective on the educational values and functions of art. The conceptions of visual art and musical education developed within the “general” theory of aesthetic education have been used in designing the music and visual arts curricula. The contemporary Polish theory of aesthetic education joined the stream of new educational thinking, in the perspective of cultural pluralism and new ethical and social obligations to individuals and to the world. The so perceived aesthetic education, recognised by UNESCO as an important part of education for culture, including the so-called human culture, deserves both the attention and interest of theorists as well as innovative practical solutions.
The essence of the aesthetic education of preschoolers, which involves the formation of the ability to perceive, feel, understand beauty in life and art; the desire to participate in the transformation of the surrounding world according to the laws of the beauty; the development of artistic-aesthetic competence (emotional-sensual, cognitive, practical, value-based, creative components) are discussed in this research. The content of aesthetic education of preschoolers, which means the formation of children’s aesthetic attitude to reality and aesthetic activity, as well as mastering of the aesthetic culture fundamentals, the development of aesthetic perception, aesthetic senses, ideas and judgments, aesthetic taste and so forth are analysed. Well-timed communication with works of various types of art, introduction of the child into the world of beauty and harmony is an important task of aesthetic education. Beauty is inseparable from kindness, it ennobles life, inspires to good deeds. An adult helps to find, feel and understand the beauty of poetry, music, and painting. Through art a child can understand more about everything in the surrounding world: nature, objects, work, spiritual heritage. The level of artistic-aesthetic development of a senior preschooler is manifested in a sense of satisfaction from the process and the results of creative artistic-aesthetic activities. This development is established by the art’s influence on the growth of the aesthetic culture level of the child’s personality, level of aesthetic qualities and abilities, aesthetic experience and aesthetic attitude to the surrounding world, the process and the results of child’s creativity.
PL
W badaniu została przedstawiona istota wychowania estetycznego dzieci w starszym wieku przedszkolnym, co przewiduje kształtowanie zdolności dostrzegania, odczuwania oraz zrozumienia piękna w życiu i sztuce, chęci brania udziału w przetwarzaniu otaczającego świata według zasad piękna, rozwoju kompetencji artystycznej i estetycznej (komponent: emocjonalnie-zmysłowy, poznawczy, praktyczny, wartościowy, twórczy). Dokonano analizy treści wychowania estetycznego przedszkolaków, rozumiejąc je jako: kształtowanie u dzieci estetycznego stosunku do rzeczywistości i estetycznej działalności, opanowanie podstaw kultury estetycznej, rozwój estetycznego dostrzegania świata, estetycznych uczuć, pomysłów i opinii, estetycznego gustu itp. Stosowny czas początku komunikowania się z dziełami sztuki, wprowadzenie dziecka do świata piękna i harmonii to ważne zadania wychowania estetycznego. Piękno jest nierozerwalnie połączone z dobrocią, to ono uszlachetnia życie, inspiruje do dobrego postępowania. Dorosły pomaga odnaleźć, odczuć oraz zrozumieć piękno poezji, muzyki, plastyki, a poprzez sztukę pozwala głębiej uświadomić sobie wszystko, co otacza dziecko: przyrodę, przedmioty, pracę, dziedzictwo duchowe. Poziom artystycznie-estetycznego rozwoju starszego przedszkolaka ujawnia się w odczuciu zadowolenia z procesu oraz wyników twórczej działalności artstyczno-estetycznej. Rozwój ten jest spowodowany wpływem sztuki na: podwyższenie poziomu podstaw kultury estetycznej osobowości dziecka, ukształtowanie estetycznych cech i zdolności, estetycznego doświadczenia oraz estetycznego traktowania otaczającego świata, procesu i wyników własnej twórczości.
School puts the emphasis on gaining knowledge and skills but not always appreciates the need of developing emotional life, imagination and expressing one’s moods. It may well be done, however, at after school classes organized in various centres of culture. One of these is Centre of Polish Sculpture in Orońsko. In this place historical tradition combines with the contemporary reality of The Centre for Sculptors’ Creative Work, while the area of an old, historic park favours concentration and rest. Apart from organizing exhibitions the Centre also conducts various forms of educational activity aimed at both artistically gifted young people and students of state primary schools, or even disabled people. Certain elements of education accompany the process of developing in the participants of these classes the sense of aestheticism revealing itself in different reactions of a human being towards the surrounding world.
PL
Szkoła kładzie nacisk na zdobywanie wiedzy i umiejętności w kierunku naukowo-technicznym, ale nie zawsze docenia potrzeby rozwoju życia uczuciowego, wyobraźni i uzewnętrznienia swoich nastrojów. Można to jednak z powodzeniem robić na zajęciach pozaszkolnych, organizowanych w różnych centrach kultury. Jednym z nich jest Centrum Rzeźby Polskiej w Orońsku. Historyczna tradycja wiąże się tu ze współczesnością Ośrodka Pracy Twórczej Rzeźbiarzy, a przestrzeń starego, zabytkowego parku sprzyja skupieniu i wypoczynkowi. Oprócz działalności wystawienniczej Centrum prowadzi różne formy działalności edukacyjnej, skierowane zarówno dla uzdolnionej artystycznie młodzieży, jak i dzieci powszechnych szkół podstawowych, a nawet osób niepełnosprawnych. Niektóre elementy wychowania łączą się podczas prowadzonych zajęć z kształceniem poczucia piękna, ujawniającego się w różnych reakcjach człowieka na otoczenie.
Dehumanizacja to – w najbardziej ogólnym sensie – proces zanegowania człowieczeństwa drugiej osoby. Problem ten, rozpatrywany przede wszystkim na gruncie psychologii społecznej, posiada silne konotacje pedagogiczne. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie potencjalnego znaczenia sztuki popularnej dla edukacji międzykulturowej, a dokładnie ukazanie roli, jaką sztuka ta może pełnić w uświadamianiu problemu dehumanizacji Obcego. Aby osiągnąć zamierzony cel, w tekście wskazano na zasadność obecności sztuki popularnej w edukacji, przedstawiono pojęcie Obcego, czyli osoby znajdującej się poza horyzontem doświadczenia danego człowieka, poza daną społecznością, poznawczo niebezpiecznego, oraz zarysowano zagadnienie dehumanizacji. Egzemplifikację przeprowadzono na przykładzie piątego odcinka trzeciej serii brytyjskiego serialu science fiction Black Mirror – Men Against Fire (2016). Rozważania prowadzone są z perspektywy nowocześnie rozumianej edukacji estetycznej, nawiązującej koncepcyjnie do polskiej teorii wychowania estetycznego. Zorientowana humanistycznie, nowoczesna edukacja estetyczna musi być realizowana w duchu pluralizmu i międzykulturowości; powinna także przyczyniać się do rozwijania całokształtu osobowości człowieka: od jego wrażliwości estetycznej i orientacji moralnej, po zdolność krytycznego myślenia i kreatywność. Artykuł wskazuje na możliwości wykorzystania sztuki popularnej w edukacji poprzez budowanie teoretycznych kontekstów interpretacyjnych.
EN
Dehumanization is – in the broadest sense – the process of depriving a person of positive human qualities. This problem, considered mainly in the field of social psychology, has strong pedagogical significance. The article is aimed to show the potential importance of popular art for intercultural education, precisely: to show the role that popular art can play in raising the awareness of the problem posed by dehumanization of the Other. To achieve the intended goal, the author indicates the justified presence of popular art in education, introduces the concept of the Other, i.e. a person who is beyond the horizon of a given person’s experience, who is outside a given community or is cognitively dangerous, and outlines the issue of dehumanization. The exemplification was conducted on the example of the episode of the British science fiction series Black Mirror – Men Against Fire (2016). The considerations are carried out from the perspective of contemporary aesthetic education, which refers conceptually to the Polish theory of aesthetic education. Humanistically oriented, contemporary aesthetic education must be conducted in the vein of pluralism and interculturalism; it should also contribute to the development of a person’s holistic personality: from their aesthetic sensitivity and moral orientation, to their ability of critical thinking and creativity. In the article, the possibilities are indicated of using popular art in education by building theoretical interpretive contexts.
Teatr dla dzieci i młodzieży powinien wspierać odbiorcę w jego indywidualnym rozwoju oraz przygotowywać inteligentną i otwartą publiczność w przyszłości. Staje się to szczególnie ważne w świetle zagrożeń współczesnego świata związanych z unifikacją i cybernetyzacją ludzkich społeczeństw. Teatr powiązany z dzieckiem ma dwie odmienne formy: teatr dla dzieci i teatr dziecięcy. Pierwszy z nich jest tworzony przez dorosłych zawodowych artystów dla młodych odbiorców. Sztuka traktowana jest jako źródło wiedzy o kulturze, cywilizacji i kondycji ludzkiej. Jest częścią sztuki dla dziecka. Teatr dziecięcy jest tworzony przez dzieci. Najważniejszy jest tu sam proces twórczy, nie spektakl. Dlatego teatr dziecięcy jest częścią pedagogiki. Tekst prezentuje (w czterech przykładach) realizację koncepcji „teatru interaktywnego”, który rozumiany jest jako działania teatralne włączające widzów w akcję w znacznie większym stopniu niż czyni się to w tradycyjnym teatrze.
EN
Theatre for young people should help children in their individual development and also prepare new, intelligent and open theatrical audiences for the future. This is very important in a world endangered by the unification and cybernation of human beings. Theatre involving children can be manifested in two different ways: theatre for children and children’s theatre. The first is created by adult artists for a young audience. It treats art as a source of knowledge about culture, civilization and the spiritual condition of people. In this respect, theatre for children is a part of art for children. Children’s theatre is created by children. The emphasis is placed on the process of creating the show and not on the effect. For that reason, children’s theatre is a part of pedagogy. The text presents 4 examples of theatrical creation termed “interactive theatre”. Such theatre engages the audience much more fully and activates their imagination and creative thinking much more than traditional theatre does.
Alongside many benefits, education in a primary music school comes with potential risks, as young musicians often exhibit symptoms of anxiety, stress, and a fear of stage performance. The reason is that students experience frequent social exposure in the form of individual musical public performances – exams, competitions, concerts – during which they are subject to formal evaluation. Bearing in mind that such students constitute a group highly sensitive to the beauty of visual arts, literature, and music, it should be assumed that they require psychological and pedagogical support tailored to their specific needs. For this purpose, the school psychologist, school counselor, as well as other adults significant in a student’s life, can apply non-standard therapeutic methods, communicating with students through the language of art, being the closest to children educated in music. The author, therefore, proposes it to be the language of Joanna Kulmowa. The works of the mentioned poetess have therapeutic functions beneficial for the psyche of young musicians, somewhat fitting into the goals of fairy tale therapy and they introduce students to the world of spiritual and aesthetic values. The article is the first part of a series devoted to the use of Joanna Kulmowa’s creative work in music education. Its purpose is to present and analyze the volume titled “Fairy Tales” in terms of the function it can play in the psychological and pedagogical support of students in a primary music school.
PL
Obok wielu korzyści, edukacja w podstawowej szkole muzycznej wiąże się z czynnikami ryzyka, ponieważ wśród dziecięcych muzyków występują objawy lękowe, stres i trema. Powodem tego jest fakt, że uczniowie doświadczają częstej ekspozycji społecznej w formie indywidualnych muzycznych występów publicznych – egzaminów, konkursów, koncertów, podczas których zostają oni poddani mniej lub bardziej formalnej ocenie oraz rywalizacji. Pamiętając, że uczniowie ci stanowią grupę wysoko wrażliwą na piękno plastyki, literatury, muzyki, przyjąć należy, iż potrzebują oni wsparcia psychologiczno-pedagogicznego dopasowanego do ich szczególnych potrzeb. W tym celu psycholog i pedagog szkolny, a także inne dorosłe osoby, znaczące w życiu ucznia, mogą zastosować niestandardowe metody terapeutyczne, czyli zwrócić się do uczniów językiem sztuki, bo taki dzieciom kształconym muzycznie jest przecież najbliższy. Autorka proponuje zatem, aby był to język poezji Joanny Kulmowej. Utwory wspomnianej poetki posiadają funkcje terapeutyczne, korzystne dla psychiki młodego muzyka, wpisujące się niejako w cele bajkoterapii, oraz wprowadzają one uczniów w świat wartości duchowych i estetycznych. Artykuł jest pierwszą częścią cyklu poświęconego wykorzystaniu twórczości Joanny Kulmowej w szkolnictwie muzycznym. Jego celem jest przedstawienie oraz analiza tomu Bajki skrzydlate pod kątem funkcji, jaką może on pełnić w psychologiczno-pedagogicznym wsparciu uczniów podstawowej szkoły muzycznej.
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