The article presents some fragments of the studies concerning archaic components, included in biblical lexis, still existing in contemporary Ukrainian and Russian languages. These two languages have coexisted and developed in close contact with Church Slavonic language for eges. This resulted in the creation of the whole biblical heritage. However, in the historic process of transforming biblical lexical items into the everyday language of both nations, their relationship with the source has considerably faded away. Church Slavonic language has provided contemporary biblical lexical items with archaic phonetic, morphological and lexical features and due to this they maintained solemn, ceremonious character which is typical of biblical style.
The New Testament translated by Rev. Eugeniusz Dąbrowski, professor at the Catholic University of Lublin, is a part of the canon of Polish translations of the Bible. This is a translation from Latin version by St. Hieronymus, just as the first Polish translation of the Bible, also from Vulgate, by Father Jakub Wujek. The intention of D ąbrowski was primarily a pastoral one. He wanted to make the reader enter into a relationship with Christ and the authors of the biblical texts through reading the Bible. Therefore the translator’s priority was, on the one hand, to maintain a language available for the then contemporary postwar generation, and on the other to use a linguistic aesthetics that conveys a particularities of the sacral language and remain free of colloquial forms. That is why the translation seems to be the resultant of the archaic translation by Wujek and the more contemporary translation by the Benedictines of Tyniec Abbey. Comparison of fragments of the translation by Dąbrowski with the said translations and shows the translator’s struggles to keep communicativeness of the text and its sacral character at the same time. For this reason the analysed translation becomes a part of a constantly up-to-date discussion of linguists concerning decisions of translators of the biblical texts. Each new decade and generation they face the task to keep both clarity and sacred character of the text.
The article compares two Enlightenment translations of psalms made by Lomonosov (into Russian) and Karpiński (into Polish). Their authors used their own sense of a translation method, which allowed them to identify the determinants of style characteristics specific to each translator-poet. The sacredness and hieratism characteristic of the psalm genre were realized by the use of various stylistic means. When identifying the determinants of sacredness, a reference was made to semantic fields, presenting lexis from the sphere of the sacred and profane (e.g. such terms as Absolute and man). Analyzing the determinants of hieratism, the focus was placed on stylistic clues and vocabulary. Translations based on one source show differences, e.g. in the number of terms referring to the Absolute and in the use of archaic forms. The differences result, among others, from the poetry programs of each translator. The author of this study also reminds that during the Enlightenment, in both Poland and Russia, religious poetry developed, and the religious work of Lomonosov, who was an outstanding scientist, proves that there is no contradiction between being devoted to the development of science and faith in God.
Język nowego czeskiego kodeksu cywilnego, który wejdzie w życie w styczniu 2014, wywołał w Czechach dyskusję. Niektórzy krytycy twierdzą, że kodeks ten zawiera wiele nowo utworzonych lub wprowadzonych ponownie terminów, które są powszechnie niezrozumiałe i mogą brzmieć archaicznie. Debata ta dała powód do przeprowadzenia badania, w którym poproszono studentów o określenie stopnia znajomości wybranych terminów z nowego kodeksu oraz określenie ich cech stylistycznych. Wszytkie terminy zostały przeanalizowane pod kątem częstotliwości występowania przy użyciu Narodowego Korpusu Języka Czeskiego. Tylko jeden z badanych terminów został oceniony jako zrozumiały przez 40% respondentów. Taka sama liczba badanych określiła sześć terminów jako archaiczne i pięć jako utworzone w dziwny sposób. Wyniki pokazują, że debata na temat sfomułowania nowego kodeksu była uzasadniona.
EN
The article presents the discussion on the wording of the new Civil Code of the Czech Republic which becomes effective on January 1, 2014. Some critics claim that the Code contains many newly coined or re-introduced terms which are unknown to the general public and may even feel archaic. Inspired by this debate, a survey was carried out in which a group of students was asked to assess the perceived familiarity with ten terms selected from the new Code and also mark the terms with respect to their perceived stylistic features. All the terms had been analysed with respect to their relative frequency in various text types using the Czech National Corpus. Only one term was assessed as known by more than 40% of the subjects. The same portion of the subjects marked six terms as archaic and five terms as strangely formed. The results show that the debate on the wording was justified. Nevertheless, the requirement for accessibility of legal documents to the general public should be seen with due consideration to various functions, situations and contexts in which individual genres and text types are used.
Main focus of this paper is the issue of notional variability of the term “archaism” which occurs in historical-linguistic and dialectological works with a common denominator - dialects. The basis of the registered notional variability (1. Linguistic phenomenon which carries over from an earlier linguistic period - residual archaism; 2. Dialectal phenomenon which represents older state of language - relict archaism 3. Dialectal phenomenon which is currently receding - synchronic, structural archaism) lies in differences resulting from diachronic (the age of the linguistic phenomenon, diachronic resultativity, residuality/relictness) and synchronic (obsolescence of the linguistic phenomenon, synchronic processuality) approach to the language and its dynamics. The variability of the term archaism according to the approach used (the aspect of the national language, its development vs. the aspect of dialectal system and its structure) is illustrated on the example of linguistic phenomena characteristic for Sotak dialects of the north-eastern Zemplín. During the process of selection of examples from Sotak dialects the fact that the structure of this dialectal system includes, in a concentrated form, linguistic phenomena reflecting an older developmental state of the Slovak language (archaisms from the point of view of national language and its development) was taken into consideration.
The author has analysed the content of the Polish-Russian dictionary of S. Lem’s neologisms created by Monika Krajewska. Among ca. 1,450 lexical units, 27 cases were found that a supposed neologism is not a neologism but an archaism, dialectal term, professional language word, or a scientific term. In that way the author corrects the erroneous interpretations being present in the papers published before, and shows how difficult Lem’s language can be not only for an average reader, but also for translators and linguists as well.
In a recent study of Shakespeare translation in Japan, the translator and editor Ōba Kenji (14) expresses his preference for the early against the later translations of Tsubouchi Shōyō (1859-1935), a small group of basically experimental translations for stage performance published between the years 1906 and 1913; after 1913, Shōyō set about translating the rest of the plays, which he completed in 1927. Given Shōyō’s position as the pioneer of Shakespeare translation, not to mention a dominant figure in the history of modern Japanese literature, Ōba’s professional view offers insights into Shōyō’s development that invite detailed analysis and comparison with his rhetorical theories. This article attempts to identify what Shōyō may have meant by translating Shakespeare into elegant or “beautiful” Japanese with reference to excerpts from two of his translations from the 1900s.
In my article, I formulate and describe the demand to remove the term obyczajność (propriety) from the Penal Code. In the course of the analysis, I will attempt to prove that its presence in the Act is an example of cultivating a terminological tradition that dates back to the partitions period and was started for a reason that is currently outdated – the general language was insufficient to describe sexual crimes. I also show that due to the discrepancy between the general and legal language, the use of the term obyczajność may mislead a non-professional interpreter of a legal text. The text concludes with a more precise description of the titular demand, i.e. a proposal to change the title of Chapter 25 of the Penal Code.
The article is devoted to the linguistics interests of Józef Ignacy Kraszewki who views language as a complex lexical, syntactic and semantic structure rather than merely the matter used for creating a literary vision of the world. The subjects of the detailed analysis are the journalistic and quasi-linguistic texts published in Studia literackie (Literary studies) and Nowe studia literackie (New literary studies) which discuss the relics of the Polish language’s past and the development of its vocabulary, with particular focus on the status of loanwords, neologisms and archaisms from various stages of the development of the Polish language. The image that emerges from the analysed texts is one of a writer-linguist who perfectly understands the mechanisms that rule language and who shows that language is dynamic and changes due to the needs of its users and all possible external factors.
Relying on a broad, anthropological and semiotic understanding of the notion of “style”, the article presents an analysis of the language of the novel with references not only to the linguistic questions such as problems of the Silesia – Great Poland border territory, Pilot’s native dialects, but also to the issues of cultural anthropology such as ethnic stereotypes presented in the novel with their system of values and views of the world.This perspective reveals the style of the novel as hybrydic and hyperbolic. As a document of the author’s attitude towards his own, peasant past and as his reflection upon the place of the peasant paradigm in the Polish culture, as well as the archive of cultural memory (various recognizable historical styles present in the novel such as the epic, romantic, and Gombrowicz-like styles), Marian Pilot’s text appears to be the effect of subjugation of both these spheres to the demands of the poetics of the modern novel. Thus, the elements of both these realms, dialectical and stylistic, have been, in an innovativemanner, modified, enhanced and parodied by the author.
The paper deals with the complexity of stylistic markers of words and with the employment of these markers for aesthetic purposes and effects in several works of modern Czech literature. There is a distinctive tendency in the Czech prose to combine lexical devices with dissimilar, often antagonistic stylistic markers (formal and colloquial, archaic and new, polite and vulgar etc.). The main part of the paper includes short analyses of selected texts that operate with lexical devices in such a way. In 1920s, Vladislav Vanèura was a pioneer of this stylistic technique. In the last decades, novels and short stories by Ota Pavel, Jiøí Gruša or Petra Hùlová represent outstanding examples of achieving significant effects by contrasting words with antagonistic stylistic markers.
Despite the supposed desacralization of the contemporary world, it is still possible today to trace symbols that come from ancient times. The present article argues that although the symbols involved in the original act of the foundation of a city are distant in time, sometimes they can still be recognized in the construction processes of our cities. The analysis of a specific architectural complex developed in a contemporary city will exemplify the survival of the archetype in the development of our urban peripheries.
PL
Pomimo rzekomej desakralizacji współczesnego świata, wciąż jest możliwe podążanie symbolami pochodzącymi z czasów starożytnych. Niniejszy artykuł dowodzi, że symbole związane z pierwotnym aktem założenia miasta, choć odległe w czasie, wciąż można rozpoznać w procesach budowy naszych miast. Analiza konkretnego kompleksu architektonicznego, rozwiniętego we współczesnym mieście, egzemplifikuje archetyp rozwoju naszych urbanistycznych peryferii.
The subject of this article are lexical archaisms presented in the fable Caravan by the German writer Wilhelm Hauff, who died in his prime. The purpose of the work is to find an answer to, among others, the following questions: How may the excerpted anachronistic vocabulary be divided? Which parts of speech do occur among the gathered archaisms and what is their structure? The analysed material is categorised into four groups: 1. lexemes with chronological label, 2. lexemes with chronological label and label concerning stylistic range, 3. anachronistic lexemes with label concerning stylistic range and 4. supposed archaisms. In three groups, nouns are the most frequently occurring parts of speech and only in the second group there are more verbs than nouns. Most of the nouns are basic words.
The subject of this article is Guillaume Faye’s concept of archeofuturism. In Faye’s opinion, Europe finds itself now in crisis, which will lead it to the implosion of the contemporary sociopolitical order. He thinks that archeofuturism is the way to overcome the crisis. The text outlines the concepts of the convergence of catastrophes, vitalistic constructivism, and archeofuturism. To sum up – the article describes the contemporary state of Europe (in Faye’s perspective) and the method for revolutionary change.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest koncepcja archeofuturyzmu Guillaume’a Faye’a. W opinii Faye’a Europa znajduje się w obecnie w kryzysie, który doprowadzi do upadku obecnego systemu społeczno-politycznego. Uważa on, że sposobem na jego przezwyciężenie jest archeofuturyzm. W tekście omówione zostały pojęcia: konwergencji katastrof, witalistycznego konstruktywizmu i archeofuturyzmu. Podsumowując – przedstawiony został stan obecny europejskiego systemu politycznego (w perspektywie G. Faye’a) i metoda na jego rewolucyjną zmianę.
Pomimo rzekomej desakralizacji współczesnego świata, wciąż jest możliwe podążanie symbolami pochodzącymi z czasów starożytnych. Niniejszy artykuł dowodzi, że symbole związane z pierwotnym aktem założenia miasta, choć odległe w czasie, wciąż można rozpoznać w procesach budowy naszych miast. Analiza konkretnego kompleksu architektonicznego, rozwiniętego we współczesnym mieście, egzemplifikuje archetyp rozwoju naszych urbanistycznych peryferii.
EN
Despite the supposed desacralization of the contemporary world, it is still possible today to trace symbols that come from ancient times. The present article argues that although the symbols involved in the original act of the foundation of a city are distant in time, sometimes they can still be recognized in the construction processes of our cities. The analysis of a specific architectural complex developed in a contemporary city will exemplify the survival of the archetype in the development of our urban peripheries.
The basic purpose of this article is to demonstrate the archaic and anachronistic language forms contained in the collection of poetry by Jan Brzechwa Sto bajek. It turns out that the poet, as one of the precursors of the linguistic poetry for children, deliberately introduced into his poems some historical words, their forms and meanings, e.g.: androny, dziatwa, gawiedź, Piotrowa, sążeń, starościna, świekra, taradajka, żupa. Brzechwa’s vocabulary proves that his poetry is a historic, cultural, and linguistic curiosity to both the younger and older generations of readers.
PL
Podstawowym celem artykułu jest prezentacja archaicznych i anachronicznych form językowych zawartych w zbiorze poetyckim Jana Brzechwy Sto bajek. Okazuje się, iż autor, jako jeden z prekursorów nurtu poezji lingwistycznej dla dzieci, świadomie wprowadzał do swych utworów niektóre historyczne wyrazy, ich formy i znaczenia, np. androny, dziatwa, gawiedź, Piotrowa, sążeń, starościna, świekra, taradajka, żupa. Słownik Brzechwy udowadnia, że twórczość poety stanowi zarówno dla młodszej, jak i starszej generacji czytelników ciekawostkę historyczno-kulturowo-językową.
The semantic loading of archaisms in Ukrainian translations of Danylo Bratkowskyi’s poems by Valerii Shewchuk is analyzed in the article. They are separated from another layer of outdated vocabulary – historicisms in modern language. Their belonging to different groups is indicated in terms of structure and content. Taking into account the structure of archaisms, we distinguish stylistic, morphological, word-formation, phonetic and lexical groups. Semantically we should consider that there are complete and superficial archaisms, so they perform different functions in the translated text and in the original text. In the publication attention is paid to the level of adequacy and equivalence of translated baroque poetry. The prospects of translation of the ancient text with the use of archaisms are determined. Among the words-realities in the Ukrainian versions of Bratkowskyi’s poems we identify historicisms and a small group of archaisms consonant with them, which either have synonymous equivalents in modern Ukrainian or had them not so long ago, in the 20th century. Very often this type of vocabulary refers to public positions, professions, household items, etc. In this case the technique of archaizing the text is fully justified, as it conveys the spirit of antiquity and reproduces the linguistic richness of the ancient kingdom of Poland, which consisted of several nations and which is no longer on the world map. The most common group are archaisms of the classical type, which are divided into subgroups by the nature of creation. In Ukrainian translations of Bratkowskyi we find their phonetic, morphological, word-forming and semantic variations. Regardless of the type of creation, all these obsolete words are used for a single purpose – imitation of the Baroque epoch, from which we are separated by three centuries. Word-forming and lexical archaisms predominate among them. Most of them perform the superficial function of archaizing the text without significantly changing its content. To the individual translation style we assign so-called pseudo-realities and pseudo-archaisms, which, thanks to the preserved transcription of words from the original transfer of Polish words to the Ukrainian lexical ground, gain an old-fashioned flavour. The number of such authorial interpretations is very significant, so they must be allocated to a separate group. Descriptive translation in this case would be most appropriate and equivalent to the original texts. It can be concluded, on the basis of the conducted research, that archaisms are one of the most numerous groups of vocabulary in Ukrainian translations of Danylo Bratkowskyi’s Polish language poetry. Phonetic and lexical (semantic) archaic groups predominate among them and are significantly widespread due to the translator’s creation of his own words that correspond to the Polish original definitions through transcription. We can define this individuality as a tendency for polonization of speech that is often characteristic of dialectal vocabulary.
The aim of the article is to examine the lexeme tworzonek recorded in the 18th‑century court book of the village of Węgrzce Wielkie, in which the word most probably meant “cheese made with a bag or wooden mold, quark” and was the Polish translation of the Latin cāseus. The analysis consists of determining the meaning of the word in the aforementioned document and outside it, by collecting its mentions in selected historical and contemporary sources. As it turns out, this lexeme does not seem to be recorded in any dictionary or in any other historical text. However, the accounts of individual people indicate that the word tworzonki was used in the meaning of “preserves” by the oldest generation of southern Lesser Poland. The study also showed the occurrence of the lexeme in the form of a surname recorded at the end of the Middle Polish period, used by one family of several people. Individual mentions of this word, both in the appellativum and nomen proprium form, can be found on internet forums, but these are most often spelling mistakes or neologisms. Etymological, historical, and contemporary dictionaries only provide forms related to the word tworzonek, such as twaróg, tworzyć, or tworzydło.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu zbadanie leksemu tworzonek zanotowanego w XVIII‑wiecznej księdze sądowej wsi Węgrzce Wielkie, w której wyraz ten oznaczał najprawdopodobniej „ser tworzony na tworzydle, twaróg” i był polskim tłumaczeniem łacińskiego cāseus. Analiza składa się z ustalenia znaczenia wyrazu we wspomnianym dokumencie oraz poza nim, poprzez zebranie jego notowań w wybranych źródłach historycznych i współczesnych. Jak się okazuje, leksem ten zdaje się nie być notowanym ani w żadnym słowniku, ani w jakimkolwiek innym tekście historycznym. Jednak relacje pojedynczych osób wskazują na używanie wyrazu tworzonki w znaczeniu „przetwory” przez najstarsze pokolenie południowej Małopolski. Badanie wykazało także wystąpienie leksemu w postaci nazwiska odnotowanego pod koniec okresu średniopolskiego, używanego przez jedną kilkunastoosobową rodzinę. Pojedyncze wzmianki tego wyrazu, zarówno w formie appellativum, jak i nomen proprium, możliwe są do odnalezienia na forach internetowych, jednak wystąpienia te to najczęściej literówki lub neologizmy. Słowniki etymologiczne, historyczne i współczesne podają jedynie formy pokrewne z wyrazem tworzonek, takie jak twaróg, tworzyć czy tworzydło.
Podstawowym celem artykułu jest refleksja nad terminem archaizm przywrócony. Okazuje się, że studia nad powołaną ponownie do języka warstwą leksykalną są w polskim językoznawstwie od przeszło 20 lat marginalne. Można wskazać różne przyczyny niepodejmowania szerszych analiz tego typu, np. niedostrzeganie archaiczności zaktywizowanych na powrót słów, efemeryczny, okazjonalny charakter wskrzeszonego słownictwa czy problematyczność ekscerpcji bazy materiałowej. Kłopot sprawia również samo rozumienie (wąskie/szerokie/nieostre) omawianego w artykule terminu, co przekłada się na niepewność badawczą w orzekaniu o przywróconych do języka formach. Wskazaną problematykę podejmuje się w artykule nie tylko jako problem teoretyczny, ale także w ramach analizy konkretnych wyrazów.
XX
The basic aim of the article is to reflect upon the term “restored archaism”. It turns out that studies on the lexis reintroduced to language have occupied a marginal place for more than 20 years in Polish linguistics. One may indicate various reasons why more comprehensive analyses of this kind are not conducted, e.g. the insufficiently archaic status of the reactivated words, the transient, accidental nature of the vocabulary that has been revived or the problems associated with the excerpting of the material base. The very understanding (the narrow/broad/blurred sense) of the term under discussion is also associated with some problems, which is directly associated with the researcher’s lack of confidence as far as the establishment of the status of the forms that are restored to a language are concerned. The problem that was indicated is treated in the article not only as a theoretical problem but also as a part of an analysis of specific words.
A tanulmány a kortárs kárpátaljai írók – Miroszlav Docsineс, Dmitro Keselja és Jurij Sztaninec – nyelvi stílusának lexikai sajátosságait elemzi. Rámutat arra, hogy e szerzők szépirodalmi műveit a nyelvészeti kutatások csak részben vizsgálták. Az írók nyelvi stílusának jobb megértése érdekében bemutatjuk életútjuk főbb állomásait, ismertetjük jelentőségüket Kárpátalja kulturális életében, valamint meghatározzuk szerepüket a kortárs ukrán irodalmi diskurzusban. Hangsúlyozzuk, hogy Docsinec, Keselja és Sztaninec művei a kárpátaljai régió kulturális értékeit tükrözik. Vizsgálatunk Miroszlav Docsinec, Jurij Sztaninec és Dmitro Keselja nyelvi stílusának sajátosságaira fókuszál. A kutatás tárgya Docsinec “Бранець Чорного лісу” [A Fekete-erdő foglya], “Розрада-гора” [A megnyugvás hegye] és “Світован” [Svitovan], Sztaninec “Сусіди” [Szomszédok], valamint Keselja “Політ співочого каміння” [Az éneklő kövek röpte] című művei voltak. Megállapítást nyert, hogy e három szerző sajátos nyelvi stílussal rendelkezik. Az írók kárpátaljai nyelvjárási elemeket használnak annak érdekében, hogy minél pontosabban tükrözzék az általuk ábrázolt közösség nyelvhasználatát. Ezek a szavak leggyakrabban a szereplők megszólalásaiban jelennek meg. A statisztikai adatok azt mutatják, hogy az elemzett művekben jelentős mennyiségű nyelvjárási kifejezés található. Az elavult szókészletet az írók arra használják, hogy érzékeltessék a művekben megjelenített korszak sajátosságait. Az elemzett kiadványok nem tartalmaznak szómagyarázatot. Véleményünk szerint a vizsgálat eredményei megalapozhatják egy az írók által használt, kevésbé érthető szavakat tartalmazó szótár anyagát. Ez megkönnyítené a kárpátaljai ukrán nyelvű szépirodalom megértését, és hozzájárulna e szerzők műveinek szélesebb olvasóközönséghez való eljuttatásához.
EN
The present article examines the lexical features characteristic of the linguistic style of contemporary Transcarpathian writers Myroslav Dochynets, Dmytro Keshelya, and Yuriy Stanynets. It is noted that the literary texts of these authors have received only limited scholarly attention from a linguistic perspective. To provide a deeper understanding of their individual styles, the article outlines key biographical milestones of each writer, highlights their contributions to the cultural landscape of Transcarpathia, and assesses their roles within modern Ukrainian literary discourse. Particular emphasis is placed on how their literary works reflect the cultural values and traditions of the Transcarpathian region. A detailed analysis of the language used by Dochynets, Keshelya, and Stanynets reveals a consistent use of lexical items from specific categories – namely, archaisms, historicisms, and regional dialectisms. These features are explored through the works “Бранець Чорного лісу” [The Prisoner of the Black Forest], “Розрада-гора” [The Mountain of Consolation], and “Світован” [Svitovan] by Myroslav Dochynets; “Сусіди” [Neighbours] by Yuriy Stanynets; and “Політ співочого каміння” [Flight of the Singing Stones] by Dmytro Keshelya. The study highlights the authors’ use of Transcarpathian dialect forms, including hyperlocal variants, as a means of authentically representing the speech and cultural environment of their characters. These lexical features are most frequently encountered in dialogue. Quantitative data reveal a significant presence of dialectal vocabulary across the analysed texts. In addition, the authors employ outdated and obsolete lexical items to reconstruct the linguistic reality of past historical periods. Notably, the texts do not typically provide glosses or explanations for obscure words – whether authorial neologisms, rare dialectisms, or archaic terms – thus preserving the authenticity of the regional linguistic landscape. The findings of the study may serve as a foundation for compiling lexicographic resources focused on the language of these writers. Such resources would enhance the accessibility of Transcarpathian literature and support the broader dissemination of the region’s literary heritage.
UK
Статтю присвячено аналізу лексичних особливостей мовостилю сучасних закарпатських письменників Мирослава Дочинця, Дмитра Кешелі та Юрія Станинця. Зазначено, що художні тексти цих авторів були предметом мовознавчих студій лише частково. Для кращого розуміння мовостилю письменників представлено основні віхи їхнього життєвого шляху, вказано на місце митців у культурному житті Закарпаття, визначено їхню роль у сучасному українському літературному дискурсі. Наголошено на тому, що художні твори Мирослава Дочинця, Дмитра Кешелі та Юрія Станинця ілюструють культурні цінності закарпатського регіону. Досліджено особливості мовостилю Мирослава Дочинця, Юрія Станинця та Дмитра Кешелі. Виявлено групи слів, що належать до архаїзмів, історизмів і територіальних діалектів у творах «Бранець Чорного лісу», «Розрада-гора» та «Світован» Мирослава Дочинця, «Сусіди» Юрія Станинця та «Політ співочого каміння» Дмитра Кешелі. Констатовано, що мовостиль Мирослава Дочинця, Юрія Станинця та Дмитра Кешелі своєрідний. Письменники використовують закарпатські діалектизми, деколи вузьколокальні, щоб якнайточніше відтворити мововживання мешканців того середовища, яке вони описують. Найчастіше їх уживають у мові персонажів. Статистичні дані свідчать про те, що аналізовані твори містять чимало говіркових лексичних елементів. Застарілу лексику автори вживають з метою відтворення особливостей епохи, про яку ідеться у творі. В аналізованих творах немає пояснень значень незрозумілих слів, зокрема авторських новотворів, вузьколокальних діалектизмів, слів, які вийшли з ужитку тощо. З огляду на це вважаємо, що результати дослідження можуть стати основою для створення словників мови письменників, що полегшить розуміння закарпатської художньої літератури і допоможе популяризувати твори закарпатських письменників серед ширшого кола читачів.
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