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1

ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRATION POLICIES IN POLAND: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND DETERMINANTS

100%
Janicka K., Bojanowski M.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2008
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vol. 52
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issue 2
111-130
EN
This paper presents results of empirical analysis of data on opinions and attitudes of Poles towards immigrants. In the investigation the authors aim at reconstructing the multidimensional character of the attitudes expressed as a tolerance in a broad sense. The measurement and analyzes of several aspects of tolerance are based on European Social Survey Data from 2002. International character of the dataset served as a point of departure to evaluate attitudes towards immigrants and immigration policies, as they exist in Poland, to attitudes which are supported in other countries. The main focus of the paper concentrates on social and geographical determinants of the attitudes towards foreigners. The authors trace the dependencies between tolerance and selected structural and territorial factors.
2
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Pewne cechy polskiego stereotypu Bułgara

80%
Mihajlova K.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
|
2003
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vol. 15
111-127
PL
Stereotyp Bułgara funkcjonujący w środowisku Polaków zamieszkałych w Bułgarii jest zdominowany przez punkt widzenia kobiety-żony, niezbyt bowiem liczna grupa polskich emigrantów znalazła się w Bułgarii głównie poprzez zawieranie małżeństw Bułgarów z Polkami. Na podstawie ankiety przeprowadzonej w latach 1996–2001, na którą odpowiedziało 40 kobiet – Polek żyjących w małżeństwach mieszanych, autorka rekonstruuje polski (ściślej – funkcjonujący wśród Polonii bułgarskiej) kulturowy obraz Bułgarii. Jest to obraz dwojaki: Bułgara jako człowieka Wschodu („Turka”), powolnego, traktującego swoje żony jak niewolnice zobowiązane do prowadzenia domu, akceptującego dominację teściowej nad synową, pracowitego i mało, bo zewnętrznie, religijnego; i równocześnie Bułgara jako Słowianina, który wykazuje wiele cech pozytywnych: gościnność, serdeczność, otwartość. Odczuwana przez Polaków obcość etniczna i kulturowa Bułgarów nie rodzi postawy wrogości, stanowi natomiast podstawę dla utwierdzania się w poczuciu własnej wartości, służy utrwalaniu własnego polskiego – wysoce pozytywnego – autostereotypu.
EN
The article is based on anthropological and linguistic data obtained through fieldwork with Bulgaria-based Poles. A group of Polish residents permanently living in Bulgaria was interviewed between 1996 and 2001. The Poles, usually married to Bulgarian women, tend to live in big cities. Their stereotype of a Bulgarian is predominantly negative. A Bulgarian is usually viewed as possessing oriental features of character, which stems from the one-time Ottoman domination in the area. The content of the stereotype draws on everyday relations such as those between a man and a woman, husband and wife, a Bulgarian mother-in-law and Polish daughter-in-law, or between parents and children. It is also based on the attitude of Bulgarians to tradition, customs, folk culture, religion, etc. Features which are seen as typical of Slavs, such as hospitality, warm-heartedness and frankness, receive positive evaluation. Kindness to and tolerance of foreigners are emphasized as the most positive features of Bulgarians. A hypothesis is put forward that the predominantly negative stereotype of a Bulgarian entertained by Bulgaria-based Poles does not result from the negative evaluation of Bulgarians, but mainly from a highly positive auto-stereotype entertained by the Poles themselves.
3

TRPEZLIVOSŤ AKO CNOSŤ TOLEROVANIA PODĽA TOMÁŠA AKVINSKÉHO

80%
Blaščíková A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 6
493 – 501
EN
The problem of tolerance in Thomas Aquinas is approached in the article as rooted in the virtue of patience. A patience (patientia) as conceived in Christianity is related to hope and preceded by belief. According to Aquinas, this interconnection of patience and hope enables humans conducted by loving their neighbours to tolerate, in certain situations, the evils inflicted by the others. A particular act of patience depends on the practical wisdom (prudentia) which involves setting oneself the right objective and considering the conditions of the deed in question. However, according to Aquinas there is no possibility to choose intolerance against the virtue of patience if one follows the correct reason. Therefore, even an explicitly non-religious person is capable of tolerance, if his or her choice is in accordance with the gift of natural reason.
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Příspěvek k dějinám tolerance a náboženské svobody: Jan Leopold von Hay, biskup královéhradecký (1735–1794)

80%
Mičo M.
Studia theologica
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2005
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vol. 7
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issue 2
33-45
EN
The right to religious liberty is one of the basic human rights. The claim of the liberty of denomination was conceived at the birth of the first declarations of human rights (at the end of the18th century in the USA and France). Inside the Roman-Catholic church a very restrained and complex process took place regarding the recognition of the right for religious liberty which was acknowledged only by the Second Vatican Council in the declaration of religious liberty 'Dignitatis humanae' in 1965. In Bohemia, the Catholic bishop Johann Leopold von Hay was responsible for radiating tolerance and religious liberty in exceptional ways, and upheld the policy of tolerance of Emperor Joseph II. In his diocese he strove extraordinarily for the new way of co-existence between Catholics and Protestants. In a pastoral letter to the clergy of his diocese (published in 1781), he enunciated fundamentals and principles of religious liberty for non-Catholics, which retain universal significance for recognition of the right to religious liberty. It refers to the same principles that became the object of later theological reflection that allowed the adoption of the above mentioned declaration about religious liberty 'Dignitatis humanae'.
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DIFFICULT SUBJECT OF TOLERANCE

80%
Słomski W.
Annales Scientia Politica
|
2024
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vol. 13
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issue 2
43 - 47
EN
Although the concept of tolerance is related to key philosophical issues (such as the nature and scope of human freedom), it is a relatively new concept in philosophy. Neither in antiquity nor in the Middle Ages was the concept used, but this does not mean that it is impossible to reconstruct views on the content we call tolerance today. The concept of tolerance belongs to the political discourse, where it functions in many different shades of meaning. It is often simply synonymous with the concept of democracy, and the adjective intolerant means as much as undemocratic. The term tolerance is also used to describe a certain way of responding to what is new and unfamiliar. In this sense, a tolerant person is someone who does not feel discomfort when encountering behaviour or views that he or she has never encountered before.
6
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Problemy wzajemnej tolerancji ludności zamieszkującej Autonomiczną Republikę Krymu

80%
Voytyuk O.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
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2013
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vol. 22
120-138
EN
Since its independence of Ukraine, the interest Crimean Peninsula is growing. It is located in a strategic place where the main historical routes cross. Crimea is the homeland of the Crimean Tatars, who afer returning to Ukraine in 1991 are the most vulnerable social layer on the peninsula. Te aim of the article is to analyze the issues of religious, linguistic, ethnic, political and cultural tolerance in the Crimea. Te article is mainly based on the Russian and Ukrainian sources that are analyzed in the topic.
7

O TOLERANCII A INTOLERANCII

70%
Korený P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2011
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vol. 66
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issue 4
301-314
EN
The paper deals with tolerance and intolerance on the background of the tensions existing between the moral 'No' and 'Yes', between the initial rejection of the values, beliefs of the others and respecting them. An indifferent tolerance of the people incapable of saying moral 'Yes' or 'No' is unveiled as an attitude emptied of spiritual and moral contents. It also shows the dilemmas of morally convinced people when facing the normative request to tolerate the values and beliefs of the others. The conflict between 'Yes' and 'No' becomes the most burning if one's moral belief is grounded in the existence of independent moral truths. In the light of Nietzsche's critique of tolerance as 'an incapability of Yes and No' the author asks the question, whether respecting moral truths is compatible with tolerating deviations which would go beyond the benevolent attitude of the believers to those morally confused.
8

Protoliberalna idea tolerancji Jana Crella

70%
Drelich S.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2017
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vol. 45
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issue 3
143-163
EN
John Crell (1590-1633) was one of the most influential representatives of the intellectual school of the Polish Brethren. For many years he worked as a lecturer at the antitrinitarian Rakow Academy, and his writings were known throughout Europe. His idea of tolerance laid out in the treatise On the freedom of conscience was particularly interesting and in all likelihood influenced John Locke’s concept of tolerance. The purpose of this article is to present Crell’s protoliberalism, which emerges from his idea of tolerance. This protoliberalism consists of a number of values, concepts, and insights that will eventually become the constitutive traits of modern liberal thought.
9
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Edukacja do tolerancji dla „inności” postulowanym atrybutem przygotowania młodzieży. Między teorią a praktyką

70%
Rudek I.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2010
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vol. 36
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issue 1
51-60
EN
The way the modern world goes gives rise to the necessity of changes in the education system. We cease to be a homogeneous society and allow diversity and difference in many aspects of our life. Disabled individuals and their position in various life structures constitute elements of the puzzle called otherness. School makes a perfect place to start educational jobs which involve promoting acceptance and tolerance towards others. Educators deal with those aspects of their work which lead to evoking proper behavior and the right attitude towards disabled people. One vital step ahead in making children aware of the problem is to open their eyes to the hierarchy of values.
10
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ON THE IDENTITY OF BRITISH MUSLIMS AFTER SEPTEMBER 11, 2001

70%
Szolajski B.
Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies
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2006
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issue 21
159-164
EN
The paper aims at describing the identity and attitudes of modern British Muslims towards the state, people and culture of the United Kingdom. It is based on a survey started in 2005 at an Internet portal, 'Muslim News'. The survey has been chosen for three reasons: first, 'Muslim News' is one of the most influential discussion forums where a busy exchange of opinion takes place between Muslims residing in the UK; second, 'Muslim News' has published all answers to the questionnaire, delivering an ample source material; and third, answers to the questionnaire are from the years 2005-2006, giving an up-to-date picture of the situation.
11

VALIDATION OF THE SLOVAK VERSION OF TOLERANCE SCALE ON A SAMPLE OF YOUNG ADULTS AND ADOLESCENTS

70%
Prošek T., Poslon X. D., Lášticová B.
Studia Psychologica
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2025
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vol. 67
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issue 3
297 – 312
EN
As societies become more diverse, tolerance plays a crucial role in fostering peaceful coexistence, particularly in the context of global migration, where immigrants and refugees often face prejudice and discrimination. This study builds on Hjerm et al.’s (2020) conceptualization of tolerance, which emphasizes a value orientation towards difference, and its distinct nature from prejudice. The primary objective was to adapt the Tolerance Scale into Slovak and evaluate its psychometric properties among young adults and adolescents, with a total sample of 684 participants. The results demonstrated that the Tolerance Scale exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties, including measurement invariance across age groups. Additionally, we provided evidence supporting the discriminant validity of tolerance in relation to prejudice. This study contributes to the methodological and theoretical advancement of tolerance measurement within diverse cultural contexts.
12
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Dwa modele rozumienia pojęcia tolerancji we współczesnym społeczeństwie polskim w aspekcie przemian o charakterze systemowym

70%
Dąbrowska E.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
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2012
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vol. 20
197-210
EN
Tis article presents in what way the specifc comprehension of tolerance’s notion has been formed in modern Polish society and how it is linked with some Poles’ attitudes towards diferent minorities. Consequently, two analytic models of Poles’ behaviors have been shown. Every studied behavior has been typically considered as ‘tolerant’ in Polish society. Moreover, two essential processes have been taken into consideration during creation of these models: frstly, the succession of norms and values, and secondly, the Polish society democratization.
13
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Od alienacji do akceptacji. Antysemityzm - antyjudaizm - antyżydowskość - antysyjonizm

61%
Szczerbiński W.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2012
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issue 6
95-108
PL
This presentation concerns the problem of the social withdrawal of the Jews in other communities both now and in the past. The life in the diaspora brought about a certain amount of tension conditioned by economic, political, social, moral, national or religious factors. There emerged various attitudes of non-Jews towards the Jews customarily called anti-Semitism, anti-Judaism, anti-Jewishness as well as anti-Zionism. All the aforementioned phenomena have common grounds: such was the price of constructing, protecting, preserving and developing one’s identity in a strange community. There are, however, essential differences between these phenomena and this is usually forgotten. Consequently, any attempt at subsuming all of them under the term ‘anti-Semitism’ is unfounded and unjustifiable. The presentation aims first and foremost at characterising the above phenomena and particularly the differences and similarities between them as this affects their proper understanding and evaluation.  
14

O TOLERANTNOSTI VO SVETLE "ROZPRAVY O CNOSTIACH"

61%
Sivák J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 4
336-342
EN
The paper deals with one of the basic concepts of the classical ethical conception of French moral philosopher Vladimir Jankelevitch (1903 - 1985). Although tolerance is one of the so called little virtues', it is not less important; it has its own philosophy based on two presuppositions: 1) we have to abandon the knowledge of the thing in itself; 2) we have to conceive of every person as a purpose itself, 'an imperium within an imperium'. The symbiosis of body and mind, this 'living paradox', can serve as a model of how to resolve an irresolvable problem of tolerance. In the same way the 'paradox' of a community of people sharing common faith and forced by it to act together could be brought to existence (given their self-understanding and the understanding of the shared). And if convivial moments and moments of enthusiasms are affiliated, maybe one day they will start to love one another.
15

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONCEPT OF DIVERSITY IN THE ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT (Vyznam kategorie diverzity pri etnologickom vyskume mestskeho prostredia)

61%
Ratica D.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2009
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vol. 57
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issue 4
444-454
EN
The contribution is dealing with concept of diversity in context of ethnological study of urban environment. The diversity, which has always played an important role in the ethnological research, creates essential complementary categories of the ethnological exploration with universality. The author pays attention to the question of distinction between principles of social relations in rural and urban areas under the Slovak conditions. In the urban environment the weakening of social control, dominance of formalised social relations, simultaneous individualization of way of life and maintenance of the continuity of group values can be observed. These factors create conditions for the support of the social and cultural diversity, which can be analysed on the intra- and inter-object level. The ethnological concern range from intra-individual (changes of value orientations of an individual in time) and inter-individual (differences of social status and interpretation, evaluation and acquirement of cultural elements among members of given group) to intra-cultural (local, regional or sub cultural versatility) and intercultural diversity (mutual relations of separate ethnic cultures, minority - majority relations). The acceptance of inter-individual and inter-group diversity leads (also in Slovak context) to some kind of basal tolerance, which results from concrete experiences confirming possibility of coexistence and cooperation of individuals and groups with different religious, ethnic and cultural background, as well as ideas of multi-, or inter-culturalism in the recent urban environment.
16
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LEVEL OF INTERETHNIC TOLERANCE OF THE UKRAINIANS IN THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

61%
Stryapko I.
Annales Scientia Politica
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 1
42 – 47
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of tolerance and xenophobia of the Ukrainians of the Trans-Carpathian region towards some ethnic groups. Based on the opinion polls conducted according to Bogardus method of measuring of social distance, the author analysed the attitude to the Russian speaking Ukrainians, the Hungarians, the Romanians, the Russians, the Roma, the Slovaks, the Jews, the Americans and the Hindus. The survey results indicate that the Ukrainians of the Trans-Carpathian region mostly demonstrate their tolerance towards the Slovaks, the Americans and the Russian-speaking Ukrainians. The social distance to the Hungarians, the Romanians, the Jews and the Hindus can be characterised as alienation. There is an openly xenophobic attitude towards the Russians and the Roma people.
17

Historia jest historią ludzi

61%
Kula M.
Sensus Historiae. Studia interdyscyplinarne
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2011
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issue 2(3)
107-119
EN
Presented considerations were prepared to the International Convention of Christian Teachers, organized by Secrétariat International des Enseignants Secondaires Catholiques (SIESC), entitled “Community Spirit against the Ghosts of the Past” (Warsaw, July 2011). They concern teaching history and purposes it should serve which in relation to changes in contemporary world. The author thinks that teaching history should serve of understanding humanity and not only to limit oneself for reinforcing nationalist community. Teaching history should prepare for understanding complicated social phenomena by taking back to the history all kinds civilizations, of cultural and religious spheres. Teaching history should be led problem so that history doesn’t limit its role only to ideological-national tasks.
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CHANGES IN THE ETHNIC MAP OF WARSAW IN LIGHT OF POLAND'S MIGRATION POLICY (Zmiany na mapie etnicznej Warszawy w swietle polityki migracyjnej panstwa polskiego)

61%
Majewski P.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2009
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issue 34
153-171
EN
Nowadays, almost in the blink of the eye, multiculturalism in Warsaw is gaining a new character, but this new character has older, pre-war roots. Today we witness a process in which the 'old' minorities, especially Jews, are replaced by other migrants, mostly Vietnamese. Warsaw attracts, with its economic and social growth, not only people from other parts of Poland but also ethnically varied groups of migrants. Unfortunately, the Polish public sphere is ruled by diversionary issues and policies. One may have an impression then that we have entered an era of political correctness but this has been done without the proper debate concerning its postulates or even attempts to define fuzzy borders between what we can consider as only 'our' (or 'theirs') and what is truly universal. If we do not engage in this debate, it is possible that one day the multiculturalists dream of 'difference' and ethno-nationalists will become the reality. This means that we will wake up in a state in which alienated individuals (both 'true Poles' and migrants) will be individually described only in the frames of fundamentalism with universal aspirations or ethnic ghettos, which are also artificially created with the help of national pop culture.
19

A RAINBOW FLAG AGAINST THE WAWEL DRAGON. CULTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE CRACOW MARCH FOR TOLERANCE CONFLICT

51%
Kubica G.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2006
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issue 4(183)
69-106
EN
The first part of the article describes the events in 2004 connected with the organization of the festival 'Culture for Tolerance' and negative reaction of many people towards it. The material used consisted of and interviews with organizers, participant observation, video recording press relations. The second part describes positions of experiences of the main actors of events: Campaign Against Homophobia; Institute of Sociology of the Jagiellonian University; Piotr Skarga Association of Christian Culture; All-Poland Youth; football fans of two Cracovian clubs; Roman-Catholic Church; the state; mass media. The final part contains in the analysis of the events within several different theoretical contexts: the concepts of homosexuality, gender, nationalism and globalization. Concluding remarks elaborate on the character of Polish civil society which is still a holistic ethical monolith rather than a liberal arena for discussion. The gay and lesbian movement is the most spectacular force that tries to change the situation.
20
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Wartość dialogu w edukacji międzykulturowej

51%
Garbuzik P.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
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2013
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issue 2
39-46
EN
Over the centuries, mankind has undergone a great revolution, but not before the pace of change was not as deep and fast as it is now. The process of globalization, the disappearance of borders, integration of the countries of Europe, the growing number of multi-ethnic states that the process of unification in the economy and the occurrence of different values underlines the importance of multiculturalism. For centuries, different cultures mutually displaced, destroy, seek to dominate and expansion and single action aimed at mutual understanding were not effective. But a different world is possible. Lead to a different way in the economy, politics but also and above all in the culture. And it is intercultural education has lead to the understanding of cultural differences – from the subcultures in their own communities to the culture of remote communities, prepare to interact and strengthen their own identity. Cooperation with representatives of the different cultures of the global world is a very important and responsible task for the modern system of education aimed at preparing the public to new challenges. They consist in building a global culture, to deepen their own identity of individuals, groups and communities by promoting tolerance and dialogue, because of globalization, despite the trend towards integration and unification of people from all over the world, our actions and choices are determined by history, tradition and the culture in which we were raised and grew up. Intercultural education includes a dialogue, so that creates a culture that results in contact with others. This dialogue is the basis of all culture and dialogue is a way to co-existence of cultures and intercultural education and dialogue is a service to the dignity of man.
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