Search results - CEJSH

1

Jack-Go-To-Bed-At-Noon and Lisi Ogon: The Analyzability and Compositionality of Plant Terms in English and Polish

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Mierzwińska-Hajnos A.

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature

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2008

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issue 32

191-211

EN

The present paper offers an analysis of common plant names appearing in English and Polish in the light of cognitive linguistics. Assuming, as cognitivists do that meanings of lexical items are partly decomposable, we use the notions of analyzability and compositionality in the sense of Langacker (1987, 1991) as a diagnosis for establishing the scale of semantic transparency of such expressions.

2

Die Vergangenheitstempora im Deutschen und ihr semantisches Potential

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Schwenk H.-J.

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature

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2012

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issue 36

35-49

EN

The present article deals with the semantics of tense forms of Präteritum and Perfectum in German. The author questions all the widely known theories on the meaning of Präteritum and Perfectum, demonstrating that, on the one hand, the complex past tense (Perfectum) does not always express both temporality and aspectuality (perfectivity), but also only temporality itself. On the other hand, the simple past tense (Präteritum) always contains both temporality and aspectuality, except for lexically-conditioned cases.

3

A CONCEPT OF GENERAL MEANING: SELECTED THEORIES IN COMPARISON TO SELECTED SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC THEORIES

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Kalisz R.

Research in Language

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 3

239-249

EN

The paper discusses a concept of general meaning with reference to various relevant semantic and pragmatic theories. It includes references to Slavic axiological semantics (e.g. Krzeszowski (1997); Puzynina (1992)), Wierzbicka’s (e.g. 1980, 1987) atomic expressions and classical pragmatics theories, such as speech acts, Gricean theory of conversational implicature, politeness theory and and relevance theory.

4

SENTENCE ADVERBIALS AND EVIDENTIALITY

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Hirschová M.

Research in Language

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 2

131-140

EN

The paper deals with expressions of evidence (originating in perception, inference or reported information) and their role in sentence/utterance pragmatic modification. It concentrates on the role of the so-called sentence adverbials, showing them as scoping / focussing elements the main function of which is a/ to mark focus of an utterance b/ to support speaker´s reasoning. Formal properties of evidential expressions are dissimlar to that point that they cannot be comprised into a unified category.

5

(NON)-DETERMINING THE ORIGINAL SPEAKER: REPORTATIVE PARTICLES VERSUS VERBS

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Zubeldia L.

Research in Language

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 2

103-130

EN

This work argues that the Basque reportative particle omen contributes to the propositional contents of the utterance, and it is not an illocutionary force indicator, contrary to what seems to be suggested by the standard view on omen. The results of the application of the assent/dissent test for the case of omen show that subjects not only accept a rejection of the reported content (p), but also a rejection of the evidential content (pomen) itself. The results are similar to those of the verb esan ‘to say’. It is, then, proposed that the difference between these two elements can be explained by distinguishing between the contents of the utterances (with Korta & Perry 2007, 2011), regarding the (non-)articulation of the original speaker.

6

Gloomy Images of Yellow and Żółty in a Corpus-Based Cognitive Study

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Gieroń-Czepczor E.

Research in Language

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 4

405-421

EN

The paper reports on a comparative corpus-based semantic analysis of one colour term as it is used in two languages: English yellow and Polish żółty. The investigation of central and peripheral meanings, based on analyses of corpus concordances draws upon the methodology and constructs of cognitive linguistics, such as prototype-based categories, domains, conceptual metonymy and metaphor. The first objective of this parallel study is to determine the prototypical reference points for yellow and żółty, followed by descriptions of those motivations and mechanisms of meaning extensions which lead to ‘figurative’ usages. The results are tentatively suggested in the form of a general network of related meanings, the entrenchments of which are established on the basis of frequencies attested in samples of 1,500 citations. The outcomes confirm a conceptual proximity reflected in the semantics of these colour terms, which seems to be - perhaps surprisingly - incongruous with the popular association of yellow/żółty with the sun. As the evidence provided by the British National Corpus and the Polish Scientific Publishers' corpus (PWN) reveals, the central and peripheral readings are inspired by the imagery of autumnal and physiological changes, while the semantics of both yellow and żółty reflect the significant influence of cultural factors, unparalleled in the polysemies of the other five basic colour terms.

7

Homogeniczność pisowni i znaczenia pojęć w międzynarodowych kursach e-learningowych

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Bytniewski A., Hernes M.

e-mentor

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2013

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issue 1 (48)

47-51

EN

The paper presents a problem of homogeneity, both spelling and semantics, of terms used in e-learning courses elaborated by international teams. The influence of non-homogeneity on the courses elaborating process is presented at the first part of article. Next, the rules and the tools for getting homogeneity of spelling and semantics of terms, are discussed.

8

Jednostka reduplikująca wyrażenia atrybutywne. Próba opisu

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Mikicki K.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2011

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issue 2(6)

95-114

EN

The aim of the paper is to describe the prosodic, syntactic and semantic properties of the operational iterating unit watr/watr/w. The properties of this unit were initially discussed by Adam Dobaczewski (2009). This paper concentrates on the phrase daleki daleki spacer 'long, long walk', which exemplifies the operational unit watr/watr/w. First, the prosodic features and syntactic properties of the discussed unit are presented. The semantic analysis shows the difference between synsyntagmatic lexems (as defined by Wajszczuk 2005) and the unit under examination (both intensify the meaning of the attributive expressions). Next, the paper considers the attributes that can be reduplicated, and the change of utterance meaning caused by this kind of operation. Finally, the semantic representation of the unit watr/watr/w is presented.

9

„Człowiekiem się rodzę, osobą się staję”. Relacje semantyczne między leksemami osoba i człowiek we współczesnej polszczyźnie

80%

Kostrzewa D.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2013

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issue 15

43-58

EN

The paper attempts to determine the scope of realization of two synonymous words in modern Polish: człowiek/ludzie ‘man/people’, and osoba/osoby ‘person/persons’. A semantic analysis of the two has been conducted based on lexicographic sources and corpus texts, and led to the conclusion that no hierarchy exists in the semantic relation between them. Due to its stylistic neutrality, accommodation requirements, and deviation of reference towards the feminine gender, the understanding of the lexeme osoba ‘person’ complements the semantic field of the word człowiek ‘man’, which is marked for all aspects and directed towards description of representatives of the masculine gender. Moreover, having no stylistic connotations, the lexeme osoba ‘person’ is very frequent in journalistic texts, much more so than the noun człowiek ‘man’.

10

Fachtermini in der Rechtssprache — Lehrbefugnis und Lehrbefähigung im Hochschulrecht. Zur Bedeutung und Verwendung der Fachwörter in der Textsorte Habilitationsordnung

80%

Mikołajczyk B., Aptacy J.

Studia Linguistica

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2015

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issue 34

91-115

EN

The subject of this paper is the semantics of the German lexemes Lehrbefähigung and Lehrbefugnis in habilitation regulations at selected universities in the Federal Republic of Germany. The habilitation regulation is a legal text type and it is expected that the meaning of the technical terms it contains is clear. In fact, the analysis has shown that this cannot be said of Lehrbefähigung and Lehrbefugnis. In particular, the semantics of Lehrbefähigung is very blurred. In some cases this expression means an inherent human characteristic that is determined and certified by an external instance, in other cases the attestation of this ability. In a particular case, Lehrbefähigung was even equated with Lehrbefugnis (venia legendi). The semantics of Lehrbefugnis (venia legendi / docendi) however, which is understood as permission to offer and perform courses at a university, seems to be clear. Our analysis can be helpful when designing the legal texts for higher education.

11

Stylistyczna funkcja barw w powieści Kollokacja Józefa Korzeniowskiego

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Żurawska-Chaszczewska J.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2012

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vol. 19

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issue 2

153-170

PL

Korzeniowski’s novel features different colours (white, yellow, red, green, skyblue (azure), brown, pink, orange, gray and black) that describe and specify the appearance of the protagonists, their places of abode and the surrounding nature. The significance of these ”primary” colours are then complemented with a special vocabulary of light and shade that renders not only the beauty of the characters in the novel but chiefly their emotions and experience. The colours are to distinguish and differentiate the protagonists of the book, who are identifiable by coded references to colours. They are representatives of the local petty gentry, impecunious minor noblemen, who nevertheless live sumptuously and above their station and the colours are to show their bad taste and poor choices. This group is contrasted by a traditionally living family of the Starzyckis, who are faithful to their tradition and live a modest and orderly life, while their ideals concerning order and modesty can be seen even in their dress. Thus, the colours attributed to them and to their environment are to reevaluate virtues, highlight values and those traits of character that the author of the novel considered most important. Fanciful and colourful little things as well as the colours used in the descriptions of nature underline the realism of the setting in the novel. Colours in Kollokacja are mainly evoked in the linguistic creation of the protagonists and their emotions, whereas much more sparingly in descriptions of manors, houses and nature, which emphasizes even more the dominant role of the characters of the novel and the subordinate role of nature and the description of villages and cottages as the setting for the novel.

12

Other-initiated repair in Murrinh-Patha

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Blythe J.

Open Linguistics

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2014

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vol. 1

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issue 1

EN

The range of linguistic structures and interactional practices associated with other-initiated repair (OIR) is surveyed for the Northern Australian language Murrinh-Patha. By drawing on a video corpus of informal Murrinh- Patha conversation, the OIR formats are compared in terms of their utility and versatility. Certain “restricted” formats have semantic properties that point to prior trouble source items. While these make the restricted repair initiators more specialised, the “open” formats are less well resourced semantically, which makes them more versatile. They tend to be used when the prior talk is potentially problematic in more ways than one. The open formats (especially thangku, “what?”) tend to solicit repair operations on each potential source of trouble, such that the resultant repair solution improves upon the troublesource turn in several ways.

13

Das verschleierte Bild zu Saïs. Von Fiktionen, die wahrlich keine sind

80%

Szybert R.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2022

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issue 22

337-345

EN

In the epistemological consideration of the function of language, an attempt is made to record how man (the author) linguistically gives existence to his thoughts. In my contribution, I will address the structu- ral dependence of the meaning of the term fiction in private law on the choice of the reference variable on which this term is based. With reference to the conference theme, I will discuss the interaction of different factors in the linguistic formulation of a concept that is central to private law. Epistemological, ontological, historical, etymological and axiological factors will be dealt with. The conclusion of the lecture will argue for the assumption that knowledge of unadulterated truth should not be sought in fragmented images.

14

Z badań nad pojęciem pamięci – mneme w dramacie greckim. Część II: Mneme w utworach Eurypidesa

80%

Narecki K.

Collectanea Philologica

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2018

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issue 21

25-38

EN

Study on the concept of mneme – “memory” in the plays of Euripides is a continuation of our research (based on the works of Greek tragedians), whose aim is not only to establish meanings, especially new ones, but also to define the role that this concept plays in the works of Euripides. Linguistic and literary analysis of 8 instances of a noun mneme shows that this concept reveals hitherto unknown semantic values and it also performs functions that are important for the plot. Among the meanings of mneme there are five new ones: (1) “testimony, proof” (Suppliant Women), whose role is a ‘media’ message to guarantee the preservation of memory about Theseus’ feats among descendants, (2) “account, balance” (Heracles), rational argument, which the hero must use in a critical situation caused by divine power, (3) specific “history”, which creates the plot (Ion), (4) “reason, rightness” (Iphigenia at Aulis), i.e. evidence of predominance of the woman over the man (in terms of character), (5) “image”, twice in this sense (Iphigenia at Aulis): 1. as a panorama, vivid memory of panegyric and cognitive nature (Greek expedition), 2. as scenes from Iphigenia’s childhood cited in order to change the decision of Agamemnon. In addition to the new ones, Euripides also uses known meanings: mneme with negation, i.e. the lack of “mentions, memories” (= concealment) becomes an important element of the plot of Helen, guaranteeing its happy ending; in turn mneme as Kreon’s “thought” is a tool for mastering feelings and influencing the development of stage events. All meanings defined by Euripides can be divided into two groups. The first group includes meanings that have rational value: (1) “account, balance”, (2) “thought”, (3) “reason, rightness”. In the other group there are expressive meanings: (1) “testimony, proof”, (2) “mention, memory”, (3) “history”, (4) “image”. Undoubtedly, Euripides not only broadened the semantic scope of the concept of mneme, introducing its new values, but creatively used them in his plays, whether to describe the main characters, or as an element influencing the action, or finally as a testimony of the past that is important for the plot.

15

Лик Украјине у српском роману друге половине 20 – почетка 21. века

80%

Bilyk N.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2022

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issue 23

235-251

EN

Traditionally, the basic qualities of imagology are associated with its key category-the literary ethnic character. A special field of imagological improvisations is the Serbian novel, which, according to well-known national experience and specific genre features, is favorable for ethnic panoramic imagological reactions, especially when it comes to the mid-20th – early 21st century. The aimof the research is to single out in chronological supposition the poetics of the literary presentation of the phenomenon of Ukraine in the Serbian novelistic discourse at the turn of the millennium. The research is based on comparative, comparative-typological, imagological methods in combination with approaches of structural-semantic and archetypal analysis. In the stated imagological perspective, the novels by I. Andrić, M. Crnjanski, M. Oljača, M. Selimović, G. Petrović, M. Prodanović and М. Pavić are analyzed. The works highlight semantic accents that emphasize the positive imagological view of Ukraine from its foreign ethnic reception, formed in genetically related – Serbian – literature, the tolerance of the Serbian people in creating subjective ethnic panoramas, indispensable for the evolutionary enrichment of intercultural communication based on epistemological heritage.

16

Fikcja a fałsz, O właściwościach semantyczno-składniowych przymiotników fikcyjny i fałszywy

80%

Zaucha J.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2014

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issue 11

35-52

EN

The aim of the paper is to pinpoint semantic and syntactic features of two Polish predicates, namely fikcyjny and fałszywy. The author shows what they have in common, as well as how they differ. Particularly, she concentrates on the differences in the scope of reference for the two predicates. She also presents two short representations of their semantic content. The analysis of the Polish expression fikcyjny sheds new light on certain theoretical problems of fiction, known from philosophy and literary theory.

17

Метафора systema digestorium в русском лингвокультурном пространстве

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Narloch A.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2021

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vol. 46

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issue 2

257-269

EN

In recent years linguistic studies have laid great emphasis on the semantic side of linguistic expressions. The aim of this paper is to introduce and describe ‘systema digestorium’ viewed from the perspective of the conceptual metaphor in Russian. It describes the process of creating such metaphors based on the notions of source and target domains. From a linguistic point of view, an interest arises to answer the question of how the functioning of such an important organ as the digestive system is reflected in the conceptualization of the surrounding world. This issue is important because the metaphorization is based on the use of everyday human experience, reflecting processes known to all human kind, including those of a physiological nature. The research material was taken from the national corpus of the Russian language and a number of dictionaries. The figurative meaning of activities related to grinding, swallowing, digesting food, as well as excreting food debris became the object of the research. The basic identifiers are the verbs: to chew, to swallow, to digest, to defecate. Each stage of the digestive system has its own specificity and concentrates on specific parts in viewing the world. In addition, the metaphor ‘systema digestorium’ is often used in Russianlinguaculture to convey the expressiveness and originality of a language.

18

Linguistic Didacticism in the Noctes Atticae by Aulus Gellius

80%

Wolanin H.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

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2017

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vol. 27

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issue 3

EN

The aim of this paper is to examine the didactic value of the Attic Nights from the linguistic point of view, and precisely, from the point of view of Gellius’ teachings on the meanings of words. In this context it has been stated that the author makes his readers aware of new meanings gained by certain words when used in contemporary colloquial idiom, describes and interprets the mechanism which had generated those meanings, evaluates the results of the process of semantic change, and, finally, comments on the way some grammarians assess the usage of certain words in ancient literary texts. In effect, the paper concentrates on the passages where A. Gellius, referring to ancient (archaic and classical) literature, describes the semantic differences occurring in various words, depending on their usage, whether in literary or colloquial language, defines the linguistic mechanism giving rise to colloquial variants of different linguistic items, and presents in a critical light the influence of colloquial language on the way in which interpretation is made of particular words as they occur in literary texts.

19

Inclusion, Contrast and Polysemy in Dictionaries: The Relationship between Theory, Language Use and Lexicographic Practice

80%

Koskela A.

Research in Language

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2014

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vol. 12

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issue 4

319-340

EN

This paper explores the lexicographic representation of a type of polysemy that arises when the meaning of one lexical item can either include or contrast with the meaning of another, as in the case of dog/bitch, shoe/boot, finger/thumb and animal/bird. A survey of how such pairs are represented in monolingual English dictionaries showed that dictionaries mostly represent as explicitly polysemous those lexical items whose broader and narrower readings are more distinctive and clearly separable in definitional terms. They commonly only represented the broader readings for terms that are in fact frequently used in the narrower reading, as shown by data from the British National Corpus.

20

Inter-relations of core language, pragmatic language, and social competence in preschoolers

80%

Lau C.

Research in Language

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2015

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vol. 13

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issue 4

404-425

EN

Language skills provide preschoolers with the foundational skills needed to socially interact, but little is known about the relationship between specific language skills and broad constructs of social competence. Sixteen preschoolers between 3-5 years with varying language abilities were recruited. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between language and social competence. The main finding of this study showed that early literacy skills and word knowledge and retrieval were significantly correlated with Social Independence and Social Interaction respectively. These findings support the notion that the content of preschoolers’ conversations rather than the accuracy of their speech or syntax is associated with success in social interaction and social independence.

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