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Polish Research on the History of the Comintern: An Overview of Existing Literature and an Outline of Future Perspectives

100%
Krasucki E.
Acta Poloniae Historica
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2021
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vol. 123
261-287
PL
Although Polish research on the Communist International (Comintern) history began in the interwar period, the existing literature does not constitute a highly-developed field. This becomes particularly evident when Polish studies are compared to research produced in Russia, Germany, the United States, and Italy, or even India and Korea. This state of affairs is, to some degree, a result of political conditions that influenced, and continue to influence, access to archival sources. For this reason, interest in the Comintern after 1989 closely resembles the situation in research on the history of the Communist Party of Poland (KPP), which was, after all, one of the sections of the Third International. In both cases – in research on the Comintern and on the KPP – the focus was on shedding light on historical “blind spots” rather than on developing systematic studies of political organisations. Largely thanks to Professor Jerzy W. Borejsza, improvements have become evident over the past two decades in Polish research on the Comintern and related issues. Indeed, many important case studies have emerged, although what Polish research still lacks are wide-ranging monographs and analytical syntheses. This paper offers a review of Polish historiography’s most important contributions to research on the Comintern, covering the period from the interwar era to the present. It also attempts to outline potential future perspectives in the field, including a brief overview of important international works.
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VOKS - Travel guides 1925-1929: from classic “Baedeker” to Bolshevik propaganda

100%
Radchenko O.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2021
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vol. 107
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issue 2
315-340
EN
This article traces travel guides for foreigners published in 1925, 1928 and 1929 by the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties Abroad (VOKS), using as a blueprint guides by the German publisher Baedeker. The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of the VOKS, as well other institutional players engaged in the preparation of the first travel guides for the Soviet Union in the 1920s, as elements of external propaganda of the USSR. Specifically, the article will analyze the structure and content of the Soviet travel guides and compare them with the German travel guide for Southern Russia of 1912. The article also concentrates on the planning, the wiring and printing of the texts, on relations with censorship offices, and on the distribution or even the destruction of all the printed copies. The preparation of the article was thanks to a research grant at the European University Viadrina, Frankfurt/ Oder, Program Erasmus Mundus, 2016.
3
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Nesplněná očekávání západní levice : Konference tří internacionál v Berlíně 1922

100%
Voráček E.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2019
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vol. 105
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issue 1
7-34
EN
The aim of this study is to evaluate the brief stage of attempts by western European socialist movements to establish cooperation with the Moscowbased Communist International, which since its inception had also been a tool for Soviet foreign policy. In the beginning of the 1920s, a period with an unstable political situation in many of the Central European countries, these efforts may have played a significant role in the future development of the Versailles system. For Soviet foreign policy at the time was oriented against the Versailles system and at the same time they were attempting to surmount the barrier for commercial and economic cooperation with the industrially- developed West. The accessibility of western markets was essential for the renewal of the Soviet economy, which was in a state of chaos after the First World War and the bloody civil war. Moscow therefore purposefully exploited every possible channel for improving its position while at the same time still declaring its orientation towards worldwide socialist revolution. The leadership of the Soviet state was not very invested in cooperation with Western socialist; on the contrary, the political trials in Soviet Russia led to the toughening of repressive measures against ideological opponents. And it is for this reason, among others, that for central European countries it was important to be well informed about Soviet intelligence activities, and by extension also about the activities of the Comintern.
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Rozważania o rewolucji. Antykomunistyczne piśmiennictwo w II Rzeczypospolitej o bolszewickich dążeniach zorganizowania buntu mas. Zarys problemu

100%
Sacewicz K.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2025
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vol. 2
25-36
EN
The Bolshevik revolution changed not only Russia, but the history of the countries of Eastern and Central Europe. Expansive communism, when it could not be exported directly to the West as a result of the defeat of the Red Army on the outskirts of Warsaw in 1920, was to be spread by the revolutionary revolts of the masses, in accordance with the will of the Kremlin, transmitted through the Comintern. These were to be inspired by the Bolsheviks, and then by the Soviet state. This threat became the subject of scientific and journalistic discourse in interwar Poland, a discourse about the essence of the Bolshevik revolution, its goals and executors, about what it meant to its ideologues and how it was perceived by Polish analysts, researchers and social activists.
5
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Henryk Dembiński: The Man Who Became a Communist after Death?

86%
Libera P.
Acta Poloniae Historica
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2021
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vol. 123
239-260
PL
The case of Henryk Dembiński (1908–41) represents the left-wing involvement of Polish intellectuals in the interwar period. After 1945, the party historians left a communist mark on his image. Those in exile also accepted this thesis. In fact, party historians portrayed Dembiński’s life in a one-sided fashion and omitted events inconsistent with their narrative. In light an of relevant accounts and documents, this article shows that Dembiński was neither a member of the communist party nor its youth organisation even though, in 1935–6, he participated in some activities inspired by the Communist Party of Poland (KPP), and edited a periodical supported financially by the KPP. It is unclear whether this was conscious cooperation or a matter of manipulation by the party. In 1937, Dembiński joined the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) and was engaged in catholic activities centre, which the communists at the time perceived as a change of his political views. Nonetheless, after the war, party historians unequivocally stated that he was a communist.
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Постсоветская историография 1917 года и некоторые проблемы контекстуализации. Случай Антонио Грамши

72%
Терехова Н. Г.
Studia Rossica Gedanensia
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2017
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issue 4
416-431
RU
Четверть века назад историки получили доступ к советским архивам. Благодаря этому события Революции 1917 года наконец получили всестороннее непредвзятое освещение со стороны российских ученых. Успех этой работы впечатляет, но и ставит новые задачи, в том числе по осмыслению и контекстуализации деятельности иностранных коммунистов в Советской России после того, как большевики пришли к власти и учредили Коминтерн. К числу таких фигур принадлежит ставший знаменитым и весьма популярным итальянец Антонио Грамши.
EN
A quarter of a century ago, historians gained access to Soviet archives. Consequently, the events of the Revolution of 1917 finally received a comprehensive unbiased coverage by Russian scholars. The success of this work is impressive, but it also sets new tasks including the contextualization of the activities of foreign communists in Soviet Russia after the Bolsheviks came to power and established the Comintern. Among these figures was the famous and very popular Italian Antonio Gramsi.
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Rosyjskie źródła do dziejów polskiego ruchu komunistycznego w międzywojennym dwudziestoleciu

72%
Wołos M.
Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne
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2020
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vol. 10
EN
The Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History in Moscow is home to the largest collection of documents on the history of the Polish communist movement in the interwar period. Among other files, the documents of the Communist Party of Poland and others related to Polish communists in the Comintern are stored there. is rich collection is currently not very popular among historians, although it is necessary for research into the history of the Polish communist movement. In Russian editions of archival sources or published  correspondence of Soviet leaders, subjects related to the activities of Polish communists are poorly represented. There is no edition of sources on the Comintern’s attitude toward Poland in the years 1919-1943. In contemporary Russia, a small number of historians deal with the subject of the Polish communistmovement. It is not popular among Polish researchers, either.
8
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Nesutarimai ir kovos dėl lyderystės tarp Lietuvos komunistų 1935–1937 m.

58%
Ėmužis M.
Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
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2019
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issue 1
101-125
EN
The article analyses conflicts between Lithuanian Communists in 1935–1937. Leaders of the Lithuanian Communist Party (LCP) Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas and Zigmas Angarietis were responsible for the escalation of such conflicts. After V. Kapsukas’ death in 1935, Z. Angarietis wished to consolidate the power in his hands and weaken the influence of former V. Kapsukas’ followers. Members of the LCP Central Committee Aizikas Lifšicas and Karolis Grosmanas who opposed him, as they had a different vision as to how the LCP should operate and what tactics it should pursue, were expelled from the secretariat. They disagreed with such decision and, seeking to repeal it, appealed to the Comintern leadership as well as tried to disturb the work of the new LCP Central Committee leadership in Kaunas. Finally, A. Lifšicas was accused of Trotskyism and expelled from the party.
LT
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami nesutarimai tarp Lietuvos komunistų 1935–1937 m. Jie prasidėjo nuo Lietuvos komunistų partijos (LKP) lyderių Vinco Mickevičiaus-Kapsuko ir Zigmo Aleksos-Angariečio nesutarimų. Po V. Kapsuko mirties 1935 m. Z. Angarietis norėjo konsoliduoti valdžią savo rankose ir susilpninti buvusių V. Kapsuko rėmėjų įtaką. Jam prieštaravę, kitaip LKP veikimą ir jos taktiką įsivaizdavę LKP CK sekretoriato nariai Aizikas Lifšicas ir Karolis Grosmanas buvo pašalinti iš sekretoriato. Nesutikę su tuo, jie siekė, kad toks sprendimas būtų panaikintas, ir kreipėsi į Kominterno vadovybę, taip pat įvairiai trukdė naujai LKP CK vadovybei Kaune. Galiausiai A. Lifšicas buvo apkaltintas trockizmu ir pašalintas iš LKP.
9
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Służby II Rzeczypospolitej wobec komunistów (KPP)

44%
Drabik S.
Komunizm: system – ludzie - dokumentacja
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2022
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issue 11
13-54
EN
The article is an attempt to outline the actions taken by the services of the Second Polish Republic (police, intelligence and counterintelligence) against the communist movement. The programme of the communist organisations was hostile towards the Polish state and remained under the strict control of Bolshevik Russia (the Soviet Union). The most important achievements of the Polish services in the fight against the communists include: suppression of strike actions inspired by the KPP, infiltration of Polish agents into communist organisations, detention of spies working for the USSR. The greatest success was the breakup of the military division of the KPP in 1936. However, the Polish authorities did not manage to completely eliminate the communist structures, which ceased to exist only after the dissolution of the KPP on Moscow’s order.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę zarysowania działań stosowanych przez służby II Rzeczpospolitej (policja, wywiad i kontrwywiad) w stosunku do ruchu komunistycznego. Organizacje komunistyczne były programowo wrogie wobec państwa polskiego i pozostawały pod ścisłą kontrolą Rosji bolszewickiej (Związku Sowieckiego). Do ważniejszych dokonań polskich służb w walce z komunistami można zaliczyć: tłumienie działań strajkowych inspirowanych przez Komunistyczną Partię Polski (KPP), wprowadzenie agentury polskich służb do organizacji komunistycznych, zatrzymywanie szpiegów pracujących dla ZSRS. Największym sukcesem było rozbicie pionu wojskowego KPP w 1936 r. Polskim władzom nie udało się jednak całkowicie zlikwidować struktur komunistycznych, uległy one wygaszeniu dopiero po rozwiązaniu KPP na polecenie Moskwy.
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