Ekonomia jest coraz bardziej bezsilna wobec problemów, które wyzwala współczesny świat, przesiąknięty egoizmem i konsumeryzmem. W tym kontekście globalny kryzys finansowy okazał się „dniem sądu” dla całości nauk ekonomicznych. Skoro świat staje się coraz bardziej niestabilny i się zmienia, to również ekonomia musi nadążać za tymi zmianami. Artykuł jest refleksją nad statusem ekonomii, wartością poznawczą formułowanych teorii; nad tym, czy sposoby realizowanej przez ekonomistów pracy naukowej są właściwe, jakie są głębsze skutki tworzonych teorii. Zdaniem autora wielu badaczy zapomniało, że przedmiotem ekonomii nie są abstrakcyjne byty lecz ludzie: ich preferencje, aspiracje, wartości czy zachowania.
In this article I will present some theoretical and empirical reflections regarding future habilitation thesis which will be on contemporary discourse on Poland in German political public sphere. It is an attempt to capture, analyze and present opinions about Poland and its society, which are transferred and propagated in contemporary German political public sphere. The discourse seems to be the proper method to present the issue. I define the concept of “discourse” in the context of political instrumentalization and purpose according to theory of Michael Foucault. Political public sphere is a commonly accepted category of sociopolitical research, which in works of Juergen Habermas has its reasonable substantiation, description and restrictions. Selected, representative and the most influential titles of contemporary German mainstream journalism will be analyzed, in which are discussed and presented sociopolitical opinions on Poland, its politics and social issues. Major part of German media discourse about Poland (in a text form) functions in that sphere. Analysis of the content of these materials will allow to emphasize its forms and functions, as well as to point out economic, political and social factors, which determine them. I assume that the discourse about Poland is led in an indirect (hidden), “inside” way, in other words — against a background of other significant debates, e.g. the EastWest discourse or the discourse on Eastern Europe, it is hardly ever led in a direct (opened), “outside” way, meaning — seldom directly referring to Poland. This problem gives rise to aquestion for relevance of the discourse on Poland within the discourse on Eastern Europe.
After 20 years of appearance in print of “Teksty Drugie” magazine, its chief editor, Ryszard Nycz, has prepared some general questions and refers them to the closest collaborators. Many of them are poststructuralistic, but not only: the text of Ewa Domańska consists of the project of return of natural sciences into the core of humanities, and Danuta Ulicka’s text The Archival Turn (As I See It) announces the necessity of a turn to philology – not its 16th or 19th century versions, but postmodern philology.
The aim of this essay is to attempt to engage in polemics with the theory of hate speech endorsed by Judith Butler in her book Excitable Speech. The text will try to show that the Butlerian strategy of textualization of hate speech. If it is understood as a main tool of fighting with injurious speech, fails and, in fact, hinders this fight. The argument will touch both upon the theory and its practical application. On the theoretical level, the deconstruction of J.L. Austin’s speech acts by Butler, along with a similar, earlier treatment of Austin by Derrida, will be criticized. In terms of practice, it will be attempted to view some of the recent, controversial events concerning hate speech through the lens of Butler’s theory, and to show the inadequacies of treating her theory as an effective tool of fighting injurious utterances
W artykule został podjęty problem niekompletności współczesnej teorii zarządzania wartością przedsiębiorstwa. Wskazane zostały w nim główne przyczyny takiego stanu rzeczy oraz możliwe kierunki uzupełnienia istniejących luk teoretycznych.
The article – in its first part titled The space of theory – brings a discussion and interpretation of the theoretical views concerning ekphrasis formulated by W.J.T. Mitchell in the essay Ekphrasis and the Other. The second part of the article – The space of practice and the space of picture – aims to make an attempt at a practical application of Mitchell's theoretical postulates. To the reading in the spirit of his theoretical considerations is submitted the description of Jean-Baptiste Greuze’s picture A Girl with a Dead Canary, which we find in Denis Diderot's Salon 1765.
Niniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony prezentacji teorii rachunkowości rolniczej opra-cowanej na ziemiach polskich przez XIX-wiecznego myśliciela, praktyka i działacza społecznego Juliusza Au. Stworzył on spójną i ponadczasową teorię rachunkowości, uwzględniającą trzy poziomy poznawcze:1) poziom ogólny – obejmujący pojęcie, cele oraz metody rachunkowości,2) poziom proceduralny – określający zasady wyceny aktywów, doboru okresu spra-wozdawczego oraz kalkulacji kosztów wytworzenia,3) poziom wspomagający – obejmujący organizację rachunkowości, wytyczne dotyczą-ce gromadzenia danych statystycznych oraz przebiegu czynności audytowych.Przedstawiona przez Juliusza Au definicja ceny rynkowej („targowej”) nosi zasadni-cze cechy pojęcia wartości godziwej, charakterystycznej dla współczesnego prawa bilansowego. Był on zwolennikiem stosowania tej wartości jako podstawy wyceny aktywów w gospodarstwie rolnym.
This article is dedicated to the presentation of agricultural accounting theory, developed in Poland by the nineteenth-century thinker, professional and social activist Juliusz Au. He created a coherent and timeless theory of accounting, by means of the three cognitive levels:1) the general level – including the concept, objectives and methods of accounting,2) the procedural level – which defines the rules of assets measurement, the selec-tion of the reporting period and cost calculation,2103) the supporting level – including the organization of accounting, guidelines for the collection of statistical data and auditing.Definition of market price (fair) presented by Juliusz Au carries the essential features of the fair value concept, characteristic of modern accounting. He was an uncompromising advocate of this value as the basis for the valuation of agricultur-al assets.
Mamy zwyczaj nazywać wierzeniami koncepcje, w które nie wierzymy, podczas gdy rezerwujemy godność wiedzy dla koncepcji, w które wierzymy bez zastrzeżeń. Nie jesteśmy jednak w stanie udowodnić większości idei jakie uważamy za pozytywną wiedzę. Teorie nauk społecznych należą często do tej właśnie kategorii: stają się modnymi dogmatami, a ich autorzy − przedmiotem kultu. Antropologia kultury dostarcza narzędzi, które pozwalają wyjaśnić mechanizm tego zjawiska. Biorąc za przykład cztery znane teorie francuskich nauk społecznych (socjo-antropologia Émila Durkheima, antropologia strukturalna Clauda Lévi-Straussa, socjologia Pierra Bourdieu i antropologia symetryczna Bruno Latoura), artykuł proponuje zrozumieć je jako konstrukcje myślowe o sile atrakcji zależnej mniej od wiedzy naukowej, jaka jest w nich ewentualnie zawarta, a bardziej od wizji świata, które te teorie proponują. Artykuł jest uzupełnioną wersją wykładu wygłoszonego na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim w grudniu 2018 roku jako Ósmy Doroczny Wykład Antropologiczny pamięci Profesora Andrzeja Wiercińskiego.
EN
We are accustomed to describing as beliefs conceptions that we do not believe while preserving the dignity of knowledge for conceptions that we believe without reservations. We are incapable, however, of proving the majority of ideas that we consider to be positive knowledge. Social science theories often belong precisely to this category: they become fashionable dogmas, and their authors – the object of a cult. Anthropology of culture provides us with tools enabling to explain the mechanism of this phenomenon. Taking as an example four known theories of the French social sciences (socio-anthropology by Émil Durkheim, structural anthropology by Claude Lévi-Strauss, sociology by Pierre Bourdieu, and symmetric anthropology by Bruno Latour) this article attempts to understand them as intellectual constructions endowed with an attraction whose force depends less on the scientific knowledge eventually contained therein, and more on the vision of the world proposed by those theories. The article is a supplemented version of a lecture given at the University of Warsaw in December 2018 as the Eighth Annual Anthropological Lecture in Memory of Professor Wierciński.
Irit Rogoff gives the following answer to the question posed in the title: “A theorist is one who has been undone by theory”. Her analysis is embedded in Visual Studies on one hand, and in post-colonial and globalization discourses – on the other. The condition we are now in, the visual culture, she explains as the condition of being ‘without’ – the state of simultaneously knowing and being unable to know. She describes the shift from criticism to critique to criticality, where criticism is understood as an act of judgment addressed to a clear cut object of criticism, the application of values and judgments based on naturalized beliefs and disavowed interests; critique is as examination of those assumptions, values and thought structures that have sustained the inherited truth claims of knowledge. Criticality in her account would be the latest phase of cultural theory and would consist in emphasizing the present, moving from causes to effects, from revealing faults to the possibilities of actualizing the potential. But the most important shift Rogoff describes is the move from the sanctioned subject for theoretical activities towards the constitution of a subject for the work, or substituting the historical specificity of what is being studied with the historical specificity of who is doing the studying. It results in a different way of writing about art, which becomes a practice of writing with an artist’s work rather than writing about it. Rogoff also recognizes theoretical possibilities connected to introducing the notion of Creolisation in order to provide more complex and more appropriate modes of cultural engagement.
Andragogika, jako młoda dyscyplina, mierzy się z szeregiem przypadłości natury teoriotwórczej i metodologicznej. Celem podjętych badań było rozpoznanie dominujących w publikacjach andragogów wątków oraz ustalenie, jakie kompleksy problemów i zagadnień tematycznych określają dzisiejszą specyfikę subdyscypliny. W procesie analizy treści artykułów z obszaru nauk społecznych zamieszczonych na łamach czasopism andragogicznych, zastosowano niereaktywną metodę analizy dokumentów. Wyodrębniono pięć analitycznych kategorii andragogicznych oraz wpisano je w opracowaną na potrzeby badania typologię.
Depuis l’Antiquité l’homme est vivement intéressé par la mémoire en tant qu’objet de la science et la mnémotechnique en tant qu’art de mémoriser. Les philosophes, les rhéteurs et les médecins y consacrent fréquemment des passages dans leurs écrits. Ainsi, la tradition antique, légèrement modifée par saint Thomas d’Aquin, est continuée à l’époque moderne sous la forme d’hermétisme ou occultisme. La France, en négligeant les études sur la mémoire, semble cependant constituer un cas à part parmi plusieurs autres pays européens. Cette situation se reflète dans l’état des recherches contemporaines : jusqu’à maintenant, le problème de la mémoire à la Renaissance française n’a pratiquement jamais été étudié. Dans le présent article, je tente de remplir cette lacune en présentant les réflexions sur la mémoire qu’on peut trouver dans les traités théoriques publiés au XVIe et dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle en France.
The article addresses the problem of identity and status of comparative education in contemporary science, as well as its developmental dynamics and scientific potential. In its first part, the author reconstructs the debate on the 'crisis' of comparative education and also the various avenues of its critique, especially, but not exclusively, in the context of its relationship with other (sub)disciplines. Part two focuses on the developmental dynamics of comparative education, against the background of the discussion regarding the various criteria and aspects of estimating the state of (sub)disciplines. Thus, the theoretical and methodological openness of comparative education and its responsiveness to social change will be presented. Furthermore, comparative education is placed in the context of the debate between essentialism and scientific constructivism, the problem of interdisciplinarity and research integration, the density paradox or the narcissism of small differences, as well as the challenge of postmodernism. The final section of the text presents the idea of a comparative educator as a traveller and its potential to transcend one's own epistemological script.
The integration of chaos theory and history has been an issue ofmany scientific discussions, but failed to produce any results. Author reexamines the discussions, mathematical features of the theory and claims that proposed ways of integration couldn't have been used practically. Author asks if such integration is possible and i fit can have any intrinsic value for advancement of historical knowledge. Proposed solution is to use chaos theory as a tool, which enables historians to analyze causal relations in the past.
In the last decade, attention in interpreting studies has focused on the issues of quality of interpretation and training of high qualifi ed interpreters. In view of changes taking place in the profession, the article presents different types of evaluation of the performance of students in interpreting as well as a new pedagogy based on an alternative model of assessment during the class of interpreting.
Celem pracy jest prezentacja teorii organizacji tymczasowych Lundina i Soderholma (1995). Podstawą badań jest tzw. narracyjny przegląd literatury przedmiotu, zorientowany na analizę logiki i kontekstów tworzenia i rozwoju tej teorii. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano genezę, podstawowe koncepcje i założenia teorii organizacji tymczasowych. W kolejnej części pracy omówiono wpływ teorii na rozwój badań nad projektami. Popularność teorii, potwierdzona licznymi cytowaniami, może stanowić potwierdzenie potrzeby prowadzenia badań teoretycznych w obszarze zarządzania projektami, stanowiących uzupełnienie dla dominującej orientacji praktycznej.
EN
The aim of this paper is to delineate the theory of temporary organizations proposed by Lundin and Soderholm in 1995. The work is based on narrative literature research oriented towards the analysis of logic and contexts of the development of this theory. In the first part the beginning and evolution of the theory were presented, next the terms and rules were delineated. In the last part the influence of this theory on the development of project management research was demonstrated. The popularity of the theory of temporary organizations, proved by numerous citations, could be regarded as the confirmation of the need of theoretical research, complementary to main, practice-oriented stream.
In the article Witkacego próba podmiotu – podmiot na próbę [Witkacy’s Attempt at a Subject – a Subject for a Test] the subjective identity of S.I. Witkiewicz is characterised by means of the widely understood category of a trial. This latter is interpreted from the view of theatrical aesthetics, but also philosophy, enables to show the biography and oeuvre of the artist from Zakopane as a continuous game between constructing and deconstructing of the subjective identity. The category of subjectivity becomes here a tool of revealing of the mechanisms, making it possible to remove boundaries between art and life, reality and fiction, literature and theory. Whereas in the interpretation proposed this attempt appears as a very literally understood experiencing of oneself, “putting oneself to the test”, but also as an attempt at literature (in the area of theory) and an attempt at theory (in the area of literature).
PL
Górska Irena, Witkacego próba podmiotu – podmiot na próbę [Witkacy’s Attempt ata Subject – a Subject for a Test]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 14. Poznań 2010, Adam MickiewiczUniversity Press, pp. 173-194. ISBN 978-83-232-2210-1. ISSN 1644-6763.In the article Witkacego próba podmiotu – podmiot na próbę [Witkacy’s Attempt at a Subject– a Subject for a Test] the subjective identity of S.I. Witkiewicz is characterised by means ofthe widely understood category of a trial. This latter is interpreted from the view of theatrical aesthetics, but also philosophy, enables to show the biography and oeuvre of the artist from Zakopane as a continuous game between constructing and deconstructing of the subjective identity. The category of subjectivity becomes here a tool of revealing of the mechanisms, making it possible to remove boundaries between art and life, reality and fiction, literature and theory. Whereas in the interpretation proposed this attempt appears as a very literally understood experiencing of oneself, “putting oneself to the test”, but also as an attempt at literature (in the area of theory) and an attempt at theory (in the area of literature).
In Witkacy’s aesthetics, the problem of the essence, function and status of music in the system of pure arts has never been finally resolved. Many important questions remained unanswered. In spite of numerous announcements, Witkacy never developed a theory of music. To an extent, this work was unexpectedly carried out by Konstanty Regamey (Constantin Regamey, 1907–1982), Polish-Swiss composer, critic, theorist of music, linguist and India specialist, who for some time was a friend of Witkacy and admitted to being associated with the latter’s aesthetics. In 1933 Regamey published a study Treść i forma w muzyce [Content and Form in Music] which on a number of points follows closely not only Witkacy’s ideas but even his stylistics. In my opinion, yet another essay by Regamey should be taken into consideration in sketching relations between his and Witkacy’s theories of music; it is Próba analizy ewolucji w sztuce [An Attempt at Analysis of Evolution in Art]. The inclusion of these and other issues relating to music in a more detailed discussion of Witkacy’s aesthetics allows us both to understand this aesthetics better, and to dispel some of the hastily made and still unanswered criticisms.
PL
Sokół Lech, Muzyka jako Sztuka Czysta. Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz i Konstanty Regamey [Music as Pure Art. Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz and Konstanty Regamey]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 14. Poznań 2010, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 33-84. ISBN 978-83-232- 2210-1. ISSN 1644-6763. In Witkacy’s aesthetics, the problem of the essence, function and status of music in the system of pure arts has never been finally resolved. Many important questions remained unanswered. In spite of numerous announcements, Witkacy never developed a theory of music. To an extent, this work was unexpectedly carried out by Konstanty Regamey (Constantin Regamey, 1907–1982), Polish-Swiss composer, critic, theorist of music, linguist and India specialist, who for some time was a friend of Witkacy and admitted to being associated with the latter’s aesthetics. In 1933 Regamey published a study Treść i forma w muzyce [Content and Form in Music] which on a number of points follows closely not only Witkacy’s ideas but even his stylistics. In my opinion, yet another essay by Regamey should be taken into consideration in sketching relations between his and Witkacy’s theories of music; it is Próba analizy ewolucji w sztuce [An Attempt at Analysis of Evolution in Art]. The inclusion of these and other issues relating to music in a more detailed discussion of Witkacy’s aesthetics allows us both to understand this aesthetics better, and to dispel some of the hastily made and still unanswered criticisms.
The importance endowed upon gardens in the period of the Renaissance and the Baroque may be witnessed not only in realizations but also in the number of treatises devoted to them. In the collection of old prints of the Wroclaw University Library there is a substantial collection of works devoted to agronomy, botany and garden art. A considerable part of them was used in Silesia in the 17th and 18th centuries, as they originate from collections of old Wroclaw libraries or Silesian monastic libraries. But the Silesians were not only passive recipients of works devoted to gardens, they also participated in propagating the knowledge of garden art. As early as 1590 there appeared a work devoted to agronomy, whose author was Martin Grosser, a parish priest from Szewce (Schewitz) near Wroclaw. The treatise of Johan Christof Hibner, Horticultura [...], was published in 1664. Hibner was a gardener of the duke of Oława. For the first time in the history of Silesia the potato was mentioned in this work. It also contains a register of garden plants of over 40 pages. However, it seems hardly possible that at that time all the plants mentioned by Hibner were cultivated in Silesian gardens and this text is more of an expression of an ideal vision, nevertheless, no doubt, it had an influence on spreading new tendencies in the art of gardening. A similar function was performed by another 17th century work of Silesian gardeners – the treatise of Georg Herbst Des Schlesischen Gartners Lustiger Spatziergang, published in 1692. The author performed the function of the gardener of duke Christian Ulrich von Würtemberg. An event which went beyond the area of Silesia was the publishing in Wrocław in 1708 the German translation of the work called Curiositez de la nature et de l’art sur la végétation, written by Pierre le Lorrain de Vallemont. The translation of this work was carried out by Ferdinand Ludwig von Bresler und Aschenburg, a member of the Wrocław municipal counsel. The work of Jacques Vanière Praedium rusticum devoted to gardening and published in 1727 by the printing house of the Jesuit College, should also be mentioned here. There are many other garden treatises in the collections of Wrocław. Ownership signs and one-time inventory numbers indicate that most of them belonged to former Silesian libraries and so this points to the fact that it was known and with all certainty influenced the art of gardening in Silesia.
PL
O randze, jaką nadawano ogrodom w okresie renesansu i baroku, świadczyć mogą nie tylko realizacje, ale także liczba poświęconych im traktatów. W kolekcji starodruków Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej we Wrocławiu znajduje się pokaźny zbiór dzieł poświęconych agronomii, botanice i sztuce ogrodowej. Znaczna ich część była w użyciu na Śląsku w XVII i XVIII w., pochodzą one bowiem ze zbiorów dawnych bibliotek wrocławskich czy śląskich bibliotek klasztornych. Ale Ślązacy byli nie tylko biernymi odbiorcami dzieł poświęconych ogrodom, mieli także swój udział w rozpowszechnianiu wiedzy o sztuce ogrodniczej. Już w 1590 r. ukazało się dzieło poświęcone agronomii autorstwa Martina Grossera, proboszcza z podwrocławskiej miejscowości Szewce (Schewitz). W 1664 r. wydano w Brzegu traktat Johanna Christofa Hibnera, ogrodnika książęcego w Oławie, zatytułowany Horticultura [...]. Znajduje się tam pierwsza w historii Śląska wzmianka o ziemniaku. Praca ta zawiera także wykaz roślin ogrodowych zajmujący ponad 40 stron. Wydaje się mało prawdopodobne, by w owym czasie wszystkie z wymienionych przez Hibnera roślin były uprawiane w Śląskich ogrodach i tekst ten jest raczej wyrazem idealnej wizji. Niemniej miał on niewątpliwy wpływ na rozpowszechnienie nowych tendencji w sztuce ogrodowej. Podobną funkcję pełniło drugie z XVII-wiecznych dzieł śląskich ogrodników – opublikowany w 1692 r. traktat Georga Herbsta Des Schlesischen Gärtners Lustiger Spatziergang. Autor pełnił funkcję ogrodnika księcia oleśnickiego Christiana Ulricha von Würtemberga. Wydarzeniem wykraczającym poza teren Śląska było wydanie we Wrocławiu w 1708 r. niemieckiego tłumaczenia dzieła Curiositez de la nature et de l’art sur la végétation, którego autorem był Pierre le Lorrain de Vallemont. Tłumaczem dzieła był członek wrocławskiej rady miejskiej Ferdinand Ludwig von Breßler und Aschenburg. Wymienić tu także trzeba wydrukowane w 1727 r. w drukarni wrocławskiego kolegium jezuickiego poświęcone ogrodnictwu dzieło Jacques’a Vanière’a Praedium rusticum. We wrocławskich zbiorach znajduje się obecnie także wiele innych traktatów ogrodniczych. Znaki własnościowe i dawne numery inwentarzowe wskazują, że większość z nich należała do dawnych bibliotek śląskich, a więc była tu znana i z całą pewnością oddziaływała na poziom sztuki ogrodniczej na Śląsku.
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