Search results - CEJSH

1

Współczesne kino francuskie wobec pamięci postkolonialnej

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Kamecka M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 5(31/1)

191-204

EN

For years little has been said the French public discourse about North and West African contribution to the World War II efforts, the sacrifice in blood of their soldiers was mentioned only rarely and occasionally. However, filmmakers embraced this topic unfamiliar to the public. Rachid Bouchareb – a French director of Algerian descent – is one of them. His film Indigènes (2006) is a tribute of sorts to the “forgotten heroes”, who have lost their lives fighting Germans in the south of France and later Alsace. By portraying four soldiers, the artist poses important questions regarding topics such as ethnicity, equality, discrimination, and racism, but also that of being forsaken, leaving an emptiness in the collective mind of a nation. The author describes the attitude of contemporary French filmmakers towards the postcolonial past and themes of ethnicity, concentrating on a film by Rachid Bouchareb. The picture seems to be especially relevant from the point of mutual relations between ethnicity, the politics and culture.

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Kultury narodowe w procesie wirtualizacji

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Jaskuła S., Korporowicz L.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 5(31/1)

7-29

EN

The pace of technological development and the associated development of new instruments of communication resulted in a number of consequences that are essential to the very concept of culture and its transformation. Today’s world of virtualization and mediatization of cultures cannot be perceived as inert or static, but should be seen as a process; not as a rigid quasi‑object, but as a continuous and endless stream of variable events. The processes occurring in it, or changes that vary in speed, intensity, rhythm and pace, are becoming the basis for the emergence of new forms of national culture including an unprecedented structure, roles, functions, or intensity. Starting from mobile identities, often created in isolation from one’s own self and free from the usually strict control of the ego and superego, through mobile relations (relationships), and culminating with virtual forms of existence (participation) in the modern, national cultures.

3

"Nothing is missing". Heteroglozje wideo.

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Rejniak-Majewska A., Majewski T.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2012

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issue 80

192-202

PL

Tekst jest poświęcony wielkoekranowej instalacji "Nothing is missing" holenderskiej teoretyczki Mieke Bal. Cykl zapisów wideo został poświęcony matkom imigrantów z Afryki, Azji i Europy Wschodniej. Realizacja problematyzuje kwestię doświadczenia kulturowej obcości/inności. Pozycje „egzotyzmu” i „intymności” rodzinnego spotkania są tu zapośredniczone, a następnie zniesione – ukazane jako fałszywie zakładane przeciwieństwo. Autorzy artykułu rozpatrują tę realizację zarówno w wymiarze fenomenologicznym, estetycznym, jaki i w kontekście wypowiedzi teoretycznych Mieke Bal poświęconych problematyce reprezentacji etnicznych oraz narratologii poststrukturalistycznej podejmującej wątek „głosu ucieleśnionego”. Wskazują także na inspiracje cyklu wideo czerpane z pism Michaiła Bachtina i Kai Silverman, tworzących kategorie heteroglozji i identyfikacji heteropatycznej na opisanie sytuacji spotkania z Innym.

EN

The article deals with large screen installation 'Nothing is missing' by the Dutch theoretician Mieke Bal. The installation consists of a cycle of videos of immigrant mothers from Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe. The videos problematize the issue of the experience of cultural alienation/otherness. The positions of 'exoticism' and 'intimacy' of family meetings are mediated and then abolished – they are shown to be falsely assumed opposites of the expected. The authors consider this installation in the phenomenological and aesthetic dimensions, and in the context of Mieke Bal’s theoretical assertions dealing with the issue of ethnic representations and post-structuralist narratology with its issue of the 'embodied voice'. They point to the source of inspiration for the video series, that is the writings of Mikhail Bakhtin and Kaja Silverman and the categories of heteroglossia and heteropathic identification created in order to describe the situation of meeting with the Other.

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Cultural conditioning of the labour market in Saudi Arabia

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Odrowąż‑Coates A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2015

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issue 1(31/2)

185-198

EN

The present work concerns an anthropological outlook on the political consequences of corporate and economic migration to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and labour market segregation. The complexity of cultural codes and the clash of customs are discussed in the paper, which is based on a two‑year period of sociological field research conducted in the KSA by the author. The ethnographic materials are enriched by discourse from daily Saudi papers and other international publications. The study contains an insight into race and ethnicity as seen by Saudis themselves and also allows a deeper understanding of the power distribution in this particular modern Islamic society. In the climate of the European economic crisis, the sustained demand for highly qualified migrant workers in the KSA provides a lucrative alternative for specialists across market sectors and this often involves their families. In light of the globalised market, many corporations run multi‑billion dollar contracts inside the Kingdom and relocate their own work force to achieve business goals. The need for specialists and for cheap manual labour from abroad is a direct result of the Saudi education system, together with the work ethic amongst the majority of Saudi nationals, which is heavily influenced by the cultural and sociological consequences of the Wahhabi interpretation of the Quran. This interpretation has a major impact on Saudi society and on migrants, particularly women. The social order is widely supported and successfully reproduced through a united message present in education, the national media and local mosques. Concerns over ethnic divisions are focused on conflicting ideologies, represented in the interactions between newcomers and the indigenous population.

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МЕЖДУ ЛОКАЛЬНОЙ И ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬЮ: АНАЛИЗ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП (РУССКИЕ, ПОЛЯКИ, БЕЛОРУСЫ) В ЛИТВЕ

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Matulionis A. V., Frejute-Rakauskiene M., Šliavaite K.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

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2012

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issue 2

18-41

EN

The paper overviews and analyses some data collected in Lithuania in the framework of the international research project ENRI-East (“Interplay of European, National and Regional Identities: Nations Between the States Along the New Eastern Borders of the European Union”, www.enri-east.net) in 2008-2011 by a consortium of 11 teams of scientific institutes of England, Slovakia, Austria, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Hungary, Germany and Lithuania. The project was coordinated by the Center for Comparative Eurasia Studies and Surveys (CEASS-Center) of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna (IHS-Vienna) and primarily funded by the European Union’s Seventh framework Programme under an FP7-SSH Grant Agreement #217227. This paper is mainly based on results of qualitative research conducted in the framework of the project among Belarusians, Poles and Russians in Lithuania, i.e. ethnic groups settled next to the borders with their historical homelands. The qualitative biographical indepth interviews were conducted in accordance to the methodological guidelines developed by ENRI-EAST team. In each ethnic group (Belarusians, Poles, Russians) 12 interviews were conducted with members of three generations (young (from 16 till 22), middle (from 35 till 50) and older generation (from 65 and older). The majority of interviews were conducted in Russian language. The Russian and Belarusian informants are mainly from Vilnius city. The informants from Polish group were interviewed in Vilnius city and Vilnius region. The interviews were conducted in July-August of 2010. The main criteria for selection of informants is their age group (generation), gender and identification with particular ethnic group. In the paper the authors discuss how informants construct their identities with Lithuania, historical homelands (Russia, Poland or Belarus) and Europe or EU. The qualitative research revealed that for informants of all generations identification with the locality, city (Vilnius), country of residence (Lithuania) is more important than with Europe or EU. Nevertheless, the identity with Europe or EU is built by most of informants of all generations. The informants of younger generation of all ethnic groups express more enthusiasm and are more positive regarding Lithuania’s integration into the EU.

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The English riots of summer 2011. Can an ethnocultural perspective be justified?

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Kułakowska M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2015

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issue 1(31/2)

231-249

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyse the English riots of summer 2011 and reflect on the questions of race and ethnicity – will they add significantly to our understanding of these events? The paper presents the timeline of social unrest, its dominant actors and events (starting from the manifestation organized by Mark Duggan’s family and friends), as well as the main theoretical themes and analytical perspectives present in British debate on the riots. The author argues that while the ethnocultural perspective cannot be seen as a leading one, in order to properly understand the events of August 2011 the links to previous riots and the history of racial tensions between police and members of certain communities should be unfolded and explored.

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Stratyfikacja etnospołeczna w Azji Centralnej i jej wyzwania dla etnopolityki (na przykładzie Kazachstanu)

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Wierzbicki A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 5(31/1)

309-334

EN

The article concerns different dimensions and criteria of ethnosocial stratification in Central Asia and its influence on ethnopolitics, concentrating on case Kazakhstan. The author considers theoretical aspects of the problem and pays attention to circumstances of forming ethno-social stratification and ethnic division of work. He tries to explain the principles of The Doctrine of The National Unity of Kazakhstan. Especially he pays attention to ethnic and sub‑ethnic division of work in authorities and state administration. He concentrates on factors and criteria of ethnic and sub-ethnic division of work. Author of the article underlines that ethno-social stratification can disturb of creation of nation of Kazakhstan as a civil community which is the aim of the state authorities.

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Aspects of Ethnicity, Class and Religion in Case of Slovak Immigrant Communities in the UK

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Rozenfeld J.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

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2013

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vol. 10

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issue 1

35-61

EN

Since 2004 several tens of thousands of Slovaks arrived in the United Kingdom. A number of Slovak communities have emerged that bear the characteristic marks of diasporas. This paper displays an analysis of these immigrant groups based on online surveys and interviews. Questions of integration versus assimilation are discussed in the light of class, religious affiliation and ethnic identity.

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ROLA PIELGRZYMEK W KSZTAŁTOWANIU TOŻSAMOŚCI KASZUBSKIEJ

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Mazurek M.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2015

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issue 3

125-143

EN

Next to the language, history (or rather historical memory) or inhabited a territory of the common name, religion is considered as one of the determinants of ethnic identity. Ethnicity happens to be context-sensitive, because of certain ethnic characteristics such as language, customs, traditions, while religion manifests themselves in particular situations. Ethnicity – which is particularly evident in modern times – is multidimensional, because of many ways we can distinguish or define social groups. Religion, in turn, can be treated as a cultural system. This article deals with the role it plays religion (understood as a system of meanings, as a cultural system) in shaping the identity of an ethnic minority – Kashubs. Kashubians, an ethnic minority living in northern Poland, speak a regional – Kashubian. They are predominantly Catholic, and the Catholic religion plays a significant part in their lives (even today). This article presents the meaning of pilgrimage in the creation of Kashubian group identity.

10

100%

Nowak J.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2019

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issue 51

EN

The specifics of Polish Romantic Reflection on race and cognate notionsThe one and basic characteristic feature of Polish Romantic reflection on race was that it associated race with tribeness. Such a reduction of the notion ‘race’ to ethnicity resulted from the then known definition of nation as a multiethnic and multicultural community which constituted the superior and the superb form of organizing the societal world, as well as from weakness of scholarly reflection in the field of physical anthropology. For Polish Romantics, race was not an objective category that on the basis of exiting physical differences enabled a division of humanity into permanent and clearly delimitated phonotypical populations. Race was identified with tribeness and related to a long gone past when the human kind merely created primitive social ties based on kinship of blood. However, what is really binding people is not biological criteria but spiritual semblance: communion of thought, feelings, and purpose. Color of skin or shape of skull do not determine a given populace’s brain capacities; in fact what counts only is cultural and civilization factors. For Romantics, in their thought a Eurocentric attitude dominated, although it was devoid of clearly racist connotations. Superior and inferior races, if existed at all, appeared only in the context of a level of development of civilization, that is, merely temporarily, because every race was able to achieve the level of the most developed races or even a higher one. Specyfika polskiej refleksji romantycznej nad rasą i pojęciami pokrewnymiSpecyfika polskiej refleksji romantycznej nad rasą miała jedną zasadniczą cechę – utożsamienie jej z plemiennością. Zredukowanie pojęcia rasy do etniczności wynikało z ówczesnej definicji narodu jako wspólnoty wieloetnicznej, wielokulturowej, która stanowiła nadrzędną, najdoskonalszą formę urządzenia świata społecznego, oraz ze słabości naukowej refleksji w zakresie antropologii fizycznej. Rasa nie była dla romantyków polskich kategorią obiektywną, pozwalającą według istniejących różnic fizycznych podzielić ludzkość na trwałe, ograniczone fenotypowo populacje. Utożsamiono ją z plemiennością i łączono z zamierzchłą przeszłością, gdy ludzkość tworzyła jedynie prymitywne związki społeczne oparte na pokrewieństwie krwi. Tymczasem ludzi zespala nie tyle kryterium biologiczne, co podobieństwo duchowe – wspólnota myśli, uczuć i celu. Kolor skóry czy kształt czaszki nie determinowały zdolności umysłowych populacji, a jedynie czynniki natury kulturowo-cywilizacyjnej. Postawa europocentryczna dominowała w ówczesnej myśli, ale bez konotacji stricte rasistowskich. Jeśli istniały rasy niższe i wyższe, to tylko w kontekście stopnia zaawansowania w rozwoju cywilizacyjnym, a zatem czasowo, gdyż każda z nich mogła dojść do poziomu tych najbardziej rozwiniętych, a nawet je przewyższyć.

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“Voltava a ser um polonês olhando para o inimigo” – algumas reflexões sobre a etnicidade na escrita de Letícia Wierzchowski

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Wolny A.

Romanica Cracoviensia

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2023

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vol. 23

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issue 3

431-442

EN

The main aim of the following article is to present the ways in which Letícia Wierzchowski, herself a descendent of “poloneses” (Poles), undertakes the (de)construction of an ethnic stereotype around Polish immigrants. First of all, we present some factors that participated in the definition of the pejorative ethnic stereotype. Next, based on her novel Uma ponte para Terebin (“A bridge to Terebin”) the author´s commitment for the sentiment of cultural belonging is discussed. It is implied that, in addition to manifesting them on personal plan, the writer mentions problems related to the existence of her ethnic group, subscribing herself into a long cultural and historical discussion. The question to which the following analysis tries to present possible answers is whether the author deconstructs the stereotype, perpetuates it, or tries to create a new meaning to replace it.

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Relacje międzygrupowe na tle wielkiego projektu przemysłowego, na przykładzie rozbudowy Elektrowni Opole

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Brocki M.

Prace Etnograficzne

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2018

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vol. 46

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issue 4

69-89

EN

The article presents the analysis of dynamics of ethnic relations in a small commune near Opole. At the background of the relations are social processes launched by the expansion of the Opole Power Plant. In line with previous studies on the impact of large industrial investments on the local communities and the work on inter-ethnical relations in the studied municipality, I presumed that the current expansion may affect mutual intergroup relations, because they remain tense from at least the end of the Second World War. Although for more than ten years there has been a significant progress in building a sense of local community. This process has now been disturbed not only by the expansion of the power plant, but also by the imposed change of the municipality’s borders, as a result of which the power plant is no longer within the limits of the municipality. The battle to maintain the existing borders revealed that “ethnicity” can still be a living differentiating element, but also a building community factor.

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РОЛЬ ЯЗЫКА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ГРАЖДАН В ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КАЗАХСТАНА)

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Шайбакова (Shaybakova) Д. D.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica

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2013

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vol. 09

EN

The article considers the role of language in formation of citizen’s identity in the post-Soviet countries. It deals with possibilities of identityʼs determination, basing on the concepts of nationalism and ethnicity on the example of Kazakhstan. The author states that nationalism is not connected directly with language, but for ethnicity it is one of the basic concepts. Language identity reveals not only from the status characteristics in the context of discourse within post-Soviet countries, but also as a way of influence on social consciousness. Finally, the paper discusses the way of how the meta-language shapes the thinking stereotype about identity.

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Wielokulturowość Zamenhofa avant la lettre ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektu religijnego

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Żelazny W.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2016

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vol. 27 cz. 1

EN

Zamenhof was one of the few thinkers who noticed the impossibility of a just dispensation between ethnicities and religions in the Russian Empire. He aspired to present a social system where national actions could run in the most natural way and where no one has the right to rule on behalf of the nation. In Zamenhof ’s opinion multiculturalism composed of different ethnical groups inhabiting the same territory is a social phenomenon just as a class system. However, if class system relates to social antagonisms in the matter of possession, then ethnicity is the most important element of segmentation where neither ownership, class nor political criteria are distinctive as ethnicity is a natural and culturally established social bond. Zamenhof rejected all political Jewish programs of his age and created his own program called Hillelism (which was directed at Jews and which he later abandoned) which after modification was renamed as Humanitarianism. Precisely this proposition has many common characteristics with multiculturalism avant la letter.

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