Search results - CEJSH

1

OVER THE MEDIAEVAL MUNICIPAL LEDGERS OF CRACOW (Nad sredniowiecznymi ksiegami rachunkowymi miasta Krakowa)

100%

Starzynski M.

Roczniki Historyczne

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2008

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vol. 74

165-178

EN

The article constitutes a contribution to the critique of the printed edition of mediaeval municipal ledgers of Cracow from the years 1390-1410. The author discusses the editorial method, indicates its errors, and using selected examples, compares fragments of the available edition with its manuscript basis, stressing the importance of manuscript municipal ledgers of Cracow for the research on various aspects of city life in the capital of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. He also propounds that further research on that topic should be undertaken.

2

WHAT IS THE NEWS? THE MIDDLE AGES (Scho novoho? Seredniovichchia)

80%

Buolnois O.

Філософська Думка

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2010

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issue 1

114-136

EN

The author defends the thesis according to which the Middle Ages time is an essential element in the creation of our modern cultural identity due to the fact that just this intermediate epoch prepares conditions that permit in Modern Times to absorb the legacy of Antiquity. It is stressed that only now, having liberated ourselves from the modernist attitude toward the Middle Ages, we start to understand their role in our cultural and intellectual development.

3

UNIQUE SILVER PENDANT FROM TATCE, KOLÍN DISTRICT, IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OLDEST EVIDENCE OF THE CHRISTIANISATION OF BOHEMIA

80%

Profantová N.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2021

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vol. 69

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issue suppl 2

409 – 416

EN

The unique round silver pendant with the motif of either an angel or an orant or a saint most probably comes from the polycultural settlement in the cadastre of Tatce, Kolín distr., in the fertile Elbe River region in central Bohemia. It was found in 2012. The pendant can be unequivocally interpreted as a Christian protective amulet. The finding broadens the range of items connected to the earliest Christianity in Bohemia during the 2nd half of 9th – 11th c.

4

Obuwie zdobione w średniowiecznym Wrocławiu

80%

Konczewska M.

Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2011

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vol. 53

259-288

EN

Although the percentage of decorated footwear in the series from Wrocław is relatively small the range of decorative motifs is quite varied and the level of artistry high. Based on the criterion of their execution technique we distinguished footwear decorated with embroidery, openwork, appliqués, painting , and with engraved, incised and stamped decoration. The decorative motif most common in the 12th and 13th c. was an embroidered band running in middle of the upper, from the toe to the upper edge of the shoe. During the second half of the 13th and in the 14th c. footwear decorated with openwork was popular. The archaeological material was analysed with additional data drawn from written, iconographic and archaeological sources, to establish who could have been the user of the decorated footwear, which is regarded by many researchers as a mark of luxury and social prestige. Iconography proved to be especially valuable in our inquiry as to the purpose of this type of footwear. I believe that elegant, richly ornamented footwear should be associated with festive attire, less so, with daily life.

5

NÁČRT ŠTRUKTURÁLNYCH ZMIEN DEDINSKÝCH SÍDLISK NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENSKA

80%

Hanuliak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2023

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vol. 71

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issue suppl. 3

261 – 267

EN

The study focuses on the observation of the number, typological composition and location of objects in the complexes of village settlements. Information of this kind forms an opportunity to approach the expected changes that were to occur in the agrarian environment. The data obtained by the analysis did not fulfil this assumption. Existing changes did not translate into different construction and furnishings of the dwellings. Accordingly, the housing requirements of the inhabitants have not changed. There is a lack of model examples between small and large farmsteads. The reasons for the current state of affairs stem from the fragmentary nature and low information value of the available evidence. Accordingly, the current knowledge from the territory of Slovakia is not able to approximate the structural changes in the village environment.

6

PO STOPÁCH BUDÍNSKEHO/BRATISLAVSKÉHO ANTIFONÁRA III

80%

Veselovská E.

Musicologica Slovaca

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2016

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vol. 7 (33)

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issue 2

222 - 248

EN

The Buda or so-called Bratislava Antiphonary III (Archive of the City of Bratislava) is one of the most important sources of music culture in medieval Hungary. It is one of the representative manuscripts of the principal ecclesiastical centre of the country, Estergom. The manuscript was produced in the last third of the 15th century under the powerful Renaissance inﬂuence of the scriptorium in Buda, or directly in the Buda scriptorium itself. It is the only manuscript source which documents the inﬂuence of the art of the Buda Royal Court in Bratislava. By a detailed comparison and exact accordance of codicological and music-palaeographic components, several lost folios of the Buda/Bratislava Antiphonary III were identiﬁed in the recent past. Seven pages of this manuscript are currently held by the St. Adalbert Society in Trnava and one torn folio is lodged in the Archive of the Slovak National Museum; 38 fragments from the second part of this manuscript may be found in the Austrian National Library in Vienna.

7

SPACE AS A PLACE OF REMEMBERANCE. THE QUESTION OF HOMAGES PAID BY SILESIAN DUKES TO THE BOHEMIAN KINGS (Przestrzen jako miejsce pamieci. W sprawie holdów ksiazat slaskich skladanych wladcom czeskim)

80%

Capsky M.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2011

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vol. 66

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issue 2

3-14

EN

Places where Silesian dukes paid their homages to the Bohemian kings became an issue of controversy in the middle of 15th century. The council of the city of Wroclaw (Vratislav, Breslau) discussed the issue several times. The aldermen promoted their opinion that oaths of allegiance should be always sworn on the territory where swearing dukes ruled. This interpretation was broadened to whole Silesia. Earlier a place of homage was not so important. Usually dukes visited the king's court and their journeys itself were part of the ceremony of asking for a fief. The oldest act of taking of the collective oath of allegiance did not concerned Wroclaw, but Swidnica (Svidnice, Schweidnitz), where Sigismund of Luxembourg demanded the homage in 1420. Only in 1438 Silesian dukes swore their collective oath in Wroclaw. For aldermen of Wroclaw it was, however, a binding precedent. This interpretation was accepted by dukes themselves at the end of 15th century. Therefore in 1498 Silesian dukes, as representatives of a particular political area, demanded the king Vladislav Jagiellon to come to Wroclaw and to accept their homage just there.

8

MEDIEVAL PILGRIMAGES OF THE INHABITANTS OF SILESIA

80%

Wachowski K.

Archeologia Polski

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2005

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vol. 50

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issue 1-2

103-128

EN

Recent archaeological excavations have yielded new evidence of pilgrim signs from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. In Silesia, the most popular images were those of pilgrims from the Legend of St. Hedwig. The earliest scallop shell, which is to some extent a natural sign of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela was discovered at several sites in central Poland and the coastal region. Metal pilgrim signs originated mainly from Wroclaw: a plaques from Rome and Cologne. Signs of St. Stanislaus also occurred in Kraków, in Bohemia and Moravia. Small plaques incorporated into vessels of the 'Hansekanne' type, made of tin, are considered as pilgrim signs. In the pilgrimage movement monasteries were engaged in the manufacture of a variety of devotional items and utensils. A mass find of clay pilgrim bottles was made at Trzebnica. Clay and metal pilgrim bottles and a clay horn were discovered in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Wrocław was also the site of a mass find of clay figurines. Czestochowa has been an extremely important pilgrimage center in Polish consciousness ever since the beginning of the Modern Age. Medieval Silesia appears as a distant periphery of the western and central European'pilgrimage civilization'. The picture revealed in the archaeological record alone is somewhat biased, especially in view of insufficient investigation of river beds, which occasionally yield a rich trove of pilgrim signs. Inhabitants of Wroclaw, were making pilgrimages to Rome, Compostela and Cologne, already in the first half of the 13th century. In the 14th century, the center of gravity of the pilgrimage movement moved to Upper Silesia: pilgrims proceeded from Opava to Aquisgrán (Aachen) and from Racibórz to Compostela. The number of written sources rises considerably in the 15th century, being the effect of as much greater literacy as intensified pilgrimaging though archaeological finds are quite modest. The plaque from Trzebnica, found in Wroclaw is of exceptional interest, considering that the sign represents a local Silesian place of worship, which could not have had much reach in the 15th century, especially as it concerned not just St. Hedwig, but also the earlier worshipped St. Bartholomew. 6 Figures.

9

NOVÉ POZNATKY O STREDOVEKEJ SAKRÁLNEJ ARCHITEKTÚRE NA ÚZEMÍ TEKOVA A HONTU

80%

Martinák M.

Študijné zvesti

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2022

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vol. 69

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issue 1

127 – 140

EN

The territory of what is today the northern part of Levice district, located on the border between the former Tekovian and Hontian Counties, belongs to less explored areas in terms of knowledge of lost medieval sacral architecture. In the four presented sites, literary sources reference the existence of medieval sacral buildings. However, no one has explored the previous form of their architecture more closely so far. Using non-destructive architectural exploration followed by geophysical research, it was possible to identify their lost medieval one-nave structures and several architectural details. The preliminary interpretation of the discovered ground plan structures in the context of historical written references point to the construction of the sacral buildings in question probably in the period between the 11th century and the period before 1419. These sacral structures were substantially rebuilt or even completely renovated between the 18th and the 19th centuries.

10

ЛЪЖАТА В АНТИЕРЕТИЧЕСКАТА ПОЛЕМИКА ПРЕЗ СРЕДНОВЕКОВИЕТО

80%

Tsibranska – Kostova M.

Slavica Slovaca

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2021

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vol. 56

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issue 3

462 – 468

EN

The article analyses the lexical means used to express the cultural concept lie in the titles against the dualistic heresies in the following sources: the Slavic translation of Panoplia dogmatics by the monk Euthimius Zigabenos, Discourse against the Bogomils by Presbyter Cosmas, and the Bulgarian translation of the Synodicon of Orthodoxy. Three semantic fields intervening to each other are referred to: the lie as a verbal act, as untruth, as hypocrisy. In the middle ages, doctrinal and religious forms of deviation from the Divine truth were the most severe form of lying. Its interpretation in different epochs and societies shows stable semantic valences. Lie is a category of the culture that has given rise to the well-established lexicon in every language.

11

12.–13. gadsimta bronzas bļodas ar gravējumiem

80%

Grosmane E.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

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2019

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vol. 23

15-25

PL

The rich material of bronze items produced by local masters on the territory of medieval Latvia testifies to a high level of metalworking skills. The diversity of artefacts increased during this period, as imported objects were often used as samples for local imitations. Bronze bowls are part of the applied arts that flourished in the course of these two centuries; they are common in various European regions and have caught the interest of art historians not so much due to their form but because of the iconography of their engravings. All bowls are made of tin bronze. Their forms are quite similar. They consist of a slightly thickened round base from which thinly forged sidewalls rise up to 5–6 cm, and an upper edge about 1 cm wide. The diameter of bowls is about 20 to 30 cm. These vessels could be either decorated or plain but their classification is based on the content of the interior engravings. Bowls are largely held in the collections of the Riga History and Navigation Museum and the Latvian National History Museum; in addition, two fragments of bronze bowls from Latvia are in the Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Berlin. Riga is the place where the most impressive and luxurious bowls have been discovered – precious items imported from Europe, featuring high-quality execution of the vessel and its décor. These artefacts could have ended up in Riga in the late 12th or early 13th century when the most active contacts formed with the potential centres of their origin – Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. The total number of bronze bowls found in Latvia so far is eight to nine (some fragments are hard to define): five of them are engraved, four appear to lack engraving, although such a conclusion has emerged due to their fragmentary condition. The bowls are similar with regard to their form but they do not make up a homogenous group. Two bowls found in Riga stand out for their narrative message: the so-called superbia with surrounding vices and the procession of knights; both are thought to be imported. These items belong to high-quality pieces in the context of Latvia but also reflect characteristics typical of mass production.

12

ANIMAL REMAINS FROM EARLY MEDIEVAL STRONGHOLD AT BUSÓWNO, COM. WIERZBICA (Szczatki zwierzace z wczesnosredniowiecznego grodziska w Busównie, gm. Wierzbica)

80%

Lasota-Moskalewska A.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2008

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vol. 60

381-395

EN

The authoress insists that animal remains from Busówno stronghold demonstrate a certain distinction while compared to materials found at other fortified sites in eastern Poland. Sites such as Czersk, Sasiadka, or Tykocin represented an economy model focused on cattle meat consumption and more developed hunting. At all sites horse bones were more frequent, probably of animals hunted for their meat. It seems that a certain economic model in eastern Polish fortified sites may appear including frequent hunting for horses and other large animals. Besides, mostly beef was consumed, followed by pork, and more seldom, lamb. Busówno site was much more of rural life style with poorly developed hunting resulting in lower consumption of horse meat. However beef dominates, it is just followed by pork. Lamb frequency was significant, especially in stage II.

13

ON THE RIGHTS OF THE KINGDOM OF GERMANY AND THE MARCH OF BRANDENBURG TO SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE WHOLE OF POMERANIA

80%

Rymar E.

Roczniki Historyczne

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2006

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vol. 72

7-51

EN

The publication contains a defence of the author's thesis (questioned by Gerard Labuda) on the tributary (later feudal) rights of the German Reich to Pomerania in the 10th-14th c. as inherited from Carolingian times. That sovereignty was to be executed by the Reich through the state of Poland (10th-12th c.), then Denmark (12th- early 13th c.), eventually transferring it to the margraves of Brandenburg in 1231. With the approval of the German King, they transferred part of those rights concerning Eastern Pomerania to the Teutonic Order in 1310.

14

THE GRANT OF BISHOP GUNTER AND THE PLOCK CHAPTER FOR THE TEUTONIC ORDER OF MARCH 17, 1230. GENUINE OR FALSE? (Nadanie biskupa plockiego Guntera i kapituly plockiej dla Zakonu Krzyzackiego z 17 marca 1230 roku. Autentyk czy falsyfikat?)

80%

Dorna M.

Roczniki Historyczne

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2009

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vol. 75

43-60

EN

The article deals with the problem of authenticity of the document of Gunter the bishop of Plock and the Plock chapter of March 17, 1230 confirming the grant of all the land estates belonging to them and most rights in the Land of Chelmno to the Teutonic Order. Considering the arguments for and against the authenticity of that document, the author concludes that it is indeed false but was based on an authentic document of bishop Gunter and his chapter of March17, 1230. The degree of falsification is, according to the author, minimal because to the list of land estates and rights actually granted to the Order only all tithes from the Land of Chelmno were added, and some corrections were made in order to authenticate the range of that grant. Following the suppositions of M. Perlbach, the author dates the creation of the false document of March17, 1230 to the period immediately preceding the negotiations of the Order with Andrzej, bishop of Plock, which ended with an agreement signed in Parchanie on November 19, 1257.

15

Świat pogańskich wierzeń ludowych w dziele "Summa de confessionis discretione" brata Rudolfa

80%

Smoczyńska-Reiner D.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2007

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vol. 48

189-248

EN

The article includes a detailed analysis of pagan beliefs in 'Summa de Confesionis Discretione', the handbook which was found in a Cistercian monastery in Rudy in the Upper Silesia. The authoress traces back the origin of the written monument, contending that it was written in the 13th century in Germany. To Silesia, the work may have come along with the German settlers who stayed in the Cistercian estate. Then, the authoress reconsiders the contents of 'Summa' in the light of comparative materials of that era; finally, she broadly analyses various pagan beliefs and folk customs described in 'Summa', comparing them with the ethnographic material from Poland, Bohemia and Germany. Original article printed with German abstract.

16

STREDOVEKÉ POHREBISKO V MOSTOVEJ

80%

Vlkolinská I., Ižóf J.

Študijné zvesti

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2010

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issue 47

157 - 178

EN

The article presents results of a rescue excavation of a cemetery situated on the location Doboskút in the village of Mostová (district Galanta) in south-western Slovakia. The rescue excavation was undertaken in 1983 in connection with regulation of the old river bed. The settlement dated to several periods was discovered on the dunes, especially a La Tène settlement and a medieval cemetery. Damaged site enabled only partial survey of the cemetery, totally 24 graves. Only some of them contained except skeletons also objects of the grave inventory, exclusively jewellery. The finds date the site to the tenth century.

17

SCRIBES AND MANUSCRIPTS IN TIMBUKTU: MANUSCRIPT'S CHAIN

80%

Moumouni S.

Asian and African Studies

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2007

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vol. 16

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issue 1

55 - 67

EN

This article describes Timbuktu manuscript condition. Timbuktu, Mali is the legendary city founded as a commercial centre in West Africa nine hundred years ago. Dating from the 16th to the 18th centuries, the ancient manuscripts presented in this article cover every aspect of human endeavour and are indicative of the high level of civilization attained by West Africans during the Middle Ages and the pre-colonial period. The manuscripts are written in various styles of the Arabic script. These styles were developed in Timbuktu and the surrounding regions of Mali and West Africa. The chain of the manuscript redraws the creation process of the manuscripts in the respect of the materials, which make it up. The article suggests that the rehabilitation of the workshops of the scribes for the conservation and the restoration of the manuscripts.

18

Komunikacja polityczna, miejsca pamięci i późnośredniowieczna Świdnica

80%

Čapský M.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2013

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vol. 68

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issue 3

39–49

EN

This study was inspired by the comments on the role of „public spectators“ in the interpretation of elements of symbolic communication in the Middle Ages. The author focuses on three types of issues. The first concerns the reasons for which Sigismund of Luxemburg accepted the tribute of Silesian dukes in Świdnica. The second part of the article concerns the strategic role Wrocław played in this rulers reign, while the third focuses on some aspects of exercising ruling seniority in the Świdnica and Jawor duchies. Bogusław Czechowicz put forth a controversial proposition about the reason for receiving tribute in Świdnica. He pointed out that the main addressee of this show of loyalty to the monarch were the Bohemian Hussites or Prague. However, some (lost) iconographic relics were to legitimize Sigismund’s claim to the Roman throne. The author of this study notes that while interpreting elements of symbolic discourse one must always take into account not only the historical context of the event but also the recipient of said work. The author also points out interpretational difficulties caused by the recipient changing through time, his expectations and interpretational limitations of modern historiography. One may assume that in the first part of the 15th century the “memory” of the dukes of Świdnica and Jawor retained actions related to the power holding and its legitimization in these duchies.

19

W sprawie polsko-ruskich relacji w pierwszej połowie XII w. Wokół małżeństwa Bolesława Wysokiego ze Zwienisławą Wsiewołodówną

80%

Dąbrowski D.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2013

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vol. 68

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issue 3

3–21

EN

This article, a study in dynastic microgenealogy clarifies, on a given example, the motivations and both political and cultural consequences of a certain Polish-Russian marriage. This concerns the union of Bolesław I the Tall (Wysoki, 1127-1201), the eldest son of the Polish lord Władysław II the Exile, and Zwienisława, the eldest daughter of the Duke of Kiev, Wsiewołod Olegowicz. The article corrects certain chronological inconsistencies embedded in literature, concerning the date of the marriage, as well as resulting from it campaign of Russian forces to aid Władysław II, who was fighting the Junior Dukes. According to the author, the marriage of Boleslaw and Zwienisława took place between March 1, 1142 and the atmospheric winter ending that year. The author also investigated the issue of, almost universally incorrectly interpreted by historians, Polish political situation in Russia. The author assures that aside from the episode of 1139 there was no conflict between Olegowiczes, led by Wsiewołod Olegowicz and Monomachowiczes – the descendants of Włodzimierz Wsiewołodowicz Monomach. This could not have been a factor contributing to the reasons for marriage of Bolesław and Zwienisława.

20

CHARIZMA A POSLANIE AUGUSTIÁNSKYCH KLÁŠTOROV V STREDOVEKU NA ÚZEMÍ DNEŠNÉHO SLOVENSKA

80%

Huťka M.

Konštantínove listy

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2018

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vol. 11

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issue 2

132 - 142

EN

In the middle ages, the mendicant order of Augustinians built four monasteries in the area of modern Slovakia, located on relatively compact territory in the historical regions of Spiš and Šariš - in Veľký Šariš, Hrabkov, Bardejov and Spišské Podhradie. Two monasteries were in smaller towns - oppidum (Veľký Šariš and Spišské Podhradie), while one was built in a larger town - civitas (Bardejov). The monastery in Hrabkov was situated in a rural environment. All of these monasteries were barely a day’s journey away from each other. This study will try to answer following questions: What was the mission of these monasteries? What function did they perform? How did they fulfil their mission to spread the Gospel? What role did their affiliation play in their foundation? The main objective will be to clarify the particular assignment of the individual priorates. It seems that it was not just about pastoral duties; otherwise a monastery would not have been built in rural Hrabkov. What then was their function?

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