Search results

1

Early Bronze burial materials from site 2 in Książnice, świętokrzyskie province

100%

Wilk S.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2014

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vol. 66

241–278

EN

The subject of the analysis in this article are three skeletal graves of the Mierzanowice culture, excavated in the seasons of 2008 and 2010 at site 2 in Książnice, Świętokrzyskie province. From the graves discussed above we have one radiocarbon date, obtained from grave 1 MC, which is 3715±35BP. The burial inventory is relatively rich, consisting of flint arrowheads, a bone pin, boar tusk pendants, bone and shell beads, as well as copper artefacts, is characteristic of the classical and late phases. Remains of the settlement and cemetery of the Mierzanowice culture mark the youngest chronological horizon on site 2 in Książnice. With certainty, we can relate all of the three skeletal graves, as well as the ditch running along the NW-SE-S axis across the central part of the elevation on which the site is located and the sacrificial pit.

2

Igranie z ogniem – rytuały pogrzebowe kultury strzyżowskiej na przykładzie wybranych pochowków z cmentarzyska w Rogalinie

100%

Hyrchała A.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2021

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vol. 69

63-83

EN

The text presents newly discovered graves of Strzyżów culture from the Early Bronze Age, located at a cemetery in Rogalin, Poland. The funeral rites of Strzyżów culture are multifaceted. Most of the dead were placed in graves in supine position, equipped with vessels, tools, and ornaments – and then buried. This text, however, discusses burial rites involving the use of fire both in open burial pits and after burial, as well as subsequent practices of opening and disturbing graves. Analysis was supplemented by results of radiocarbon dating.

3

“Burying in logs” − A philological commentary on a Lower Chulym text recorded by A.P. Duĺzon

100%

Pomorska M.

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis

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2022

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vol. 139

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issue 1

1-18

EN

Chulym Turkic is still one of the lesser known and researched Turkic languages. Having said that, in the case of Middle Chulym several studies have been published in the last few years. Since Küärik lexical material is included in Radloff’s dictionary, the least attested is Lower Chulym: this can only be found in various works by Duĺzon, which are frequently difficult to obtain. In this discussion a short text which was originally published by Duĺzon in an article from 1952 is reproduced, after which a linguistic analysis is undertaken to determine the accuracy of Duĺzon’s translation. The text is interesting from both a linguistic and ethnographic perspective: it documents e.g. the use of the past tense in -AďigAn which is barely attested in Turkic languages. It also describes the funeral rites of Chulym Turks after their conversion to Christianity.

4

Złota culture graves at site 1 in Samborzec, Sandomierz District

88%

Burchard B., Włodarczak P.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2012

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vol. 64

269–310

EN

In 1963, during excavations at site 1 in Samborzec two graves of the Złota culture were discovered. This paper presents the discoveries, which have previously been published several times, in full. The features comprised collective graves with secondary fragmentation of the bodies evident. One of the burials was likely to a niche construction. Another burial (No. 12) had a particularly interesting and rich set of grave goods, including copper objects among other artefacts of ceramic and flint finds typical of the Złota culture. Radiocarbon determinations of the graves dated them to the first half of the third millennium BC.

5

Dla obcego inny grób? Wielkopolskie groby typu bustum jako przykład przyswojonej inności religijnej

88%

Żychliński D.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2017

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vol. 22

221-230

PL

The paper is an attempt to present a model of an attitude towards strangers: getting to know, tolerating, accepting, and finally assimilating them, in terms of funeral rites, and thus of different religion. Such is a case manifested by an appearance of bustum type graves within the Przeworsk culture cemeteries in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) in the Roman Iron Age.

6

Funeral rites on the southern boundary of the Komarov culture

88%

Romaniszyn J., Niculică B. P., Ignat I.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2017

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vol. 69

83-112

EN

This paper is the result of Polish and Romanian cooperative investigations of the funeral rites in the Bronze Age in Carpathian area. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of archaeological investigations from the Northern Moldavia where cemeteries of Komarov culture have been excavated since the 19th century. All data were compared with the results from Komarov sites in the Upper Dnister area of the Ukraine that date to the fi rst half of the 2nd millennium BC. The problem of how the Komarov culture has been classifi ed is investigated, specifi cally how the classifi cation of material culture and funeral practices have changed over time. The history of research in the northern Moldavia area is presented, followed by a description of Komarov cemeteries located in this area at the cemetery, grave, burial, and grave inventory levels. The graves and funeral rites in northern Moldavia and those in the Upper Dnister area and neighbouring regions are then comparatively analyzed.

7

Beiträge zur Forschungen Lausitzer Brauchtums

88%

Dąbrowski J.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2013

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vol. 8

143–171

EN

This article is devoted to pottery vessels or their small sets from cemeteries, which do not contain the remains of the deceased and do not repeat the typical inventories for grave goods. These features include small vessels, usually containers for liquids, and rarely other items. A few chemical analyses have shown that they may have contained food. Unfortunately, descriptions of materials from outside graves are often incomplete and, therefore, there is no doubt that the known catalogue only contains some of the discovered artefacts. Nevertheless there are 273 features from 62 cemeteries. These mostly contain one vessel (up to a maximum of seven items) amounting from 0.2 to 5.8 % of the features from large cemeteries. It should be noted that as for the Lusatian cemeteries there are often metal, stone and flint artefacts among the graves. On the other hand, hoards of vessels are rare. The nature of these vessels suggests that they may have been used for ritual libations, which is considered to be common then. However, it appears that the offerings were given during rituals, which were not always associated with the funeral

8

An elite burial from the Copper Age: Grave 8 at the cemetery of the Lublin-Volhynian culture at Site 2 in Książnice, the Świętokrzyskie province

88%

Wilk S.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2014

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vol. 9

209–258

EN

The paper describes an inhumation burial (Grave 8) discovered at the cemetery of the Lublin- Volhynian culture at Site 2 in Książnice, Świętokrzyskie Province, in August 2008. A skeleton of an adultus woman, lying in a flexed position on the left side, with the skull directed towards the south, was discovered at the depth of 55–60 cm in a partly destroyed rectangular burial pit. The unusually rich grave goods consisted of ten ornaments made from copper wire (two necklaces with spectacle-shaped pendants, two bracelets, two earrings and two rings), a chocolate flint retouched blade and a blade, as well as fragments of two clay vessels: a pear-shaped amphora and a pear-shaped goblet. The analysed burial is a perfect example of changes taking place in the social structure of the younger Danubian cultures at the turn of the 5th and the 4th millennia BC. It shows that the elite controlling trade exchange and the distribution of prestige objects in the Lublin-Volhynian culture included also women of high social standing

9

Palą siebie w ogniu, gdy umrze im król lub wódz – I palą również jego wierzchowce. Wczesnośredniowieczny pochówek ciałopalny ze szczątkami konia z chodlika, pow. Opolski, woj. Lubelskie

75%

Miechowicz Ł.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2021

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issue 62

147-169

EN

The article presents the results of research into an early medieval kurgan in Chodlik, Karczmiska county, where cremated human and horse remains were discovered. The settlement complex in Chodlik (8th-10th c.) forms a vast hillfort of more than 8 ha and the surrounding hamlets. For over a century, it has been subjected to archaeological excavations but it was not until recently that the related cremation burial sites were identified. The first kurgan, examined in 2010, contained buried remains of a human and a horse, most probably buried at a stake together. The other objects found in the upper part of the kurgan included pieces of clay vessels and bronze elements of a horse tack. By means of radiocarbon dating, the burial site’s chronology has been established as the 8th-9th centuries. The text presents comparative analyses with other famous discoveries of the type and considerations of the importance of horses to the early medieval Slavs.

10

Stanowisko władz komunistycznych w latach siedemdziesiątych XX wieku... w zakresie cmentarnictwa wyznaniowego i komunalnego

75%

Rogowska B.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2014

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issue 13

75-93

EN

The government of the People’s Republic of Poland’s policy in the 1970s. on the religious and communal cemeteries was in accordance with the sectoral religious policy and laicization policy. It was dependent on the acquired political strategy and the law ensuring the safety and good health of the citizens. There had been many difficulties in the field of popularization of secular funeral rites. Despite developing a secular funeral ceremony and preparing a technical infrastructure there was one constant barrier: common religiosity of the people. It can be said that the complexity of the secularization processes, rooted religious traditions, and weakly developed services in the range of secular rituals were the most important difficulties.

11

Death and burial in Kyivan Rus’ according to written sources

75%

LUTSYK I.

Historia i Świat

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2021

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vol. 10

209-238

EN

The spread of Christianity in the lands of Kyivan Rus caused radical, but not rapid, changes in the religious, philosophical, and mental worldviews of contemporary society. Funeral rites were a significant factor in which the feature of the spiritual transformation of local societies was reflected. The proposed study is devoted to the peculiarities of the Christian funeral rite and ceremony in the lands of Kyivan Rus’ and the Galician-Volhynian state, which are covered in written sources of the time. Therefore, the upper chronological date of the study is the XIV century. Their elaboration and systematization led to the construction of the article in a linear way – starting with pre-death, and then post-mortem preparations, directly funeral and memorial service. The analysis and generalization of the funeral rite, characteristic for the Christian Orthodox tradition as a whole, is carried out. At the same time, their separate local elements are highlighted. Some comparisons and parallels between the Rus’ and Byzantine funeral traditions were made.

12

The Archaic Perception of Death —An Integrated Model

75%

Matsyna A. I.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2015

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issue 1

68-77

EN

Studies of ancient funerary rituals lead to the philosophical problem of the opposi-tion of life and death. Ancient cultural forms that remove this opposition are based on the specifically irrational and correlate with irrational ideas about the soul and its desti-nation after death. The modern rational mind eliminates these forms. Based on an ontologically balanced paradigmatic synthetic approach, considering the features of ontology and myth, a dynamic model of the archaic perception of death—metaphysics of overcoming—was formed. This integrated model most accurately reflects the pre-philosophical way of the transcendence of the being. The metaphysics of overcoming can be the core of the ancient ritual comprehension theory.

13

„Człowiek zrodzony z niewiasty (…) przemija jak cień, co nie trwa…” (Hi 14, 1a.2b). Śmierć i praktyki funeralne w Biblii (zarys problematyki)

63%

Bagrowska K.

Amor Fati

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2015

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issue 2

111-126

EN

Death has always been, is and will remain a mystery for man every day, including man biblical times. Bible ratio for both life and death is full of seriousness. At the corners of the Old Testament, in different ways, echoes the truthabout the transience of human life. In this paper it has been discussed biblical picture of death, which occurred as a consequence of the sin of our first parents. The human condition biblical times lived according to the dictates of Yahweh meets in the years to old age and is sometimes bliss. Among sinful men it causes fear and anxiety. Regardless of the human attitudes in relation to the death, one thing is certain - it is the participation of every human being. In addition to discussing the basic biblical terminology relating to the death discussed here also the most common funeral rites, about which the authors say books of the Old Testament. Among these habits highlights the way of relating to corpses and burying them. Here also raised issues funeral rites, the duration of mourn-ing and fasting, mourning and weeping. In the light of Biblical statements of the Old Testament prophets stated here that if the sign of death will be replaced with a peace sign, then death will disappear: "God engulf death forever" (Isaiah 25.8).

14

Wartości ludzkie i chrześcijańskie gidarskich obrzędów pogrzebowych (Północny Kamerun)

63%

Różański J.

Studia Włocławskie

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2022

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vol. 24

574-588

EN

The Gidar of northern Cameroon make a distinction between a good death and a bad one. As a rule, the death of a person of advanced years, who has children, who is prepared to pass on, is counted as a good death. Along with natural death, the death of a warrior is also counted as a good death. A bad death does not fulfill these conditions. There are three basic stages in funeral rites: burial preparations, the burial itself, and what is known as the second burial, or, day of mourning, usually designated from one month to a year after the actual burial. Funeral rites are a condition for entering the world of ancestors – the Gidar teda. These rites clearly show a spiritual vision of life. The Gidar see man as a being composed of material and spiritual elements, but treated as a single totality. Thanks to the funeral rites and to the purification rites following them, the deceased ceases to be a trememdum, as a taboo, and becomes an admirandum, as an ancestor. This is expressed by the installation of the deceased as an ancestor. The transition of the deceased to the world of ancestors does not separate him from his earthly family because he is continually present in their life. There are some points of contact between Gidar funeral rites and the traditional Christian approach. These encourage significant innovations in Church funeral rites.

PL

Gidar z północnego Kamerunu wyróżniają śmierć dobrą od złej. Do śmierci dobrej zaliczają z reguły śmierć człowieka w podeszłym wieku, mającego dzieci, przygotowanego do odejścia. Do śmierci naturalnej zaliczyć też można śmierć wojownika. Zła śmierć nie spełnia tych warunków. W obrzędach pogrzebowych można wyróżnić trzy zasadnicze etapy: przygotowanie do pochówku, pochówek właściwy oraz tzw. pochówek wtórny, czy też dzień żałoby, wyznaczany zwykle od miesiąca do roku po pochówku właściwym. Obrzędy pogrzebowe są warunkiem wejścia do świata przodków – gidarskie teda. Obrzędy te wskazują wyraźnie na duchową wizję życia. Gidar postrzegają człowieka jako istotę złożoną z pierwiastka materialnego i duchowego, chociaż traktowana jest ona jako jedna całość. Dzięki obrzędom pogrzebowym i następującym po nich obrzędom purifikacyjnym zmarły przestaje być tremendum jako tabu, a staje się admirandum – jako przodek. Wyraża to instalacja zmarłego jako przodka. Przejście zmarłego do świata przodków nie separuje go od jego ziemskiej rodziny, ponieważ jest on stale obecny w jej życiu. W gidarskich obrzędach pogrzebowych istnieją jednak pewne punkty styczne z tradycyjnym ujęciem chrześcijańskim. Zachęcają one do znacznych innowacji w kościelnych obrzędach pogrzebowych.

15

The Image of Souls Climbing a Mountain in the Bychowiec Chronicle: An Echo of Pagan Customs in Renaissance Literature?

63%

Ščavinskas M.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2024

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vol. 89

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issue 4

33-56

EN

Historiography has thus far focused primarily on the pagan rituals and burial customs of Lithuanians (Balts). However, the image of souls climbing a mountain, depicted in the Bychowiec Chronicle (likely from the first half of the sixteenth century), has not received specific attention. Traditionally, this image has been presented in the historiography as a pagan rite, associated with pre-Christian burial customs of the Balts. To determine whether this image genuinely is of pagan origin, it is necessary to begin the research with the earliest written sources describing funeral customs of the Balts from the tenth to fifteenth centuries. This article examines how the burial customs of Lithuanians and other Balts, as recorded in medieval sources, correlate with the information provided by the Bychowiec Chronicle. It becomes clear that the motif of souls climbing a mountain does not appear in any earlier written sources. This absence suggests that the image in the Bychowiec Chronicle may have originated from other influences, either from ancient Indo-European traditions or from the Christian Scripture, with the latter being the more likely source.

16

Złośliwe przeszkadzanie w wykonywaniu aktów religijnych w śwletle przepisów kodeksu karnego

63%

Majchrzak K.

Prawo Kanoniczne

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2025

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vol. 68

|

issue 1

87-105

EN

The article presents an analysis of the criminal offense of maliciously obstructing the public performance of religious acts, funeral ceremonies, or mourning rites. The discussion primarily focuses on the legal interest protected by this provision, the characteristics of the perpetrator, and the objective elements of the offense. Any individual capable of bearing criminal responsibility may be deemed the perpetrator. Particular attention is given to the perpetrator’s intent and malicious motivation, which constitute key elements of this offense.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę przestępstwa polegającego na złośliwym przeszkadzaniu publicznemu wykonywaniu aktów religijnych, pogrzebowi lub uroczystościom żałobnym. Rozważania dotyczą głównie przedmiotu ochrony, charakterystyki podmiotu oraz strony przedmiotowej przestępstwa. Sprawcą może być każda osoba zdolna do ponoszenia odpowiedzialności karnej. Szczególną uwagę zwraca się na umyślność działania sprawcy oraz jego motywację złośliwą, co jest kluczowym elementem tego przestępstwa.

17

Ciało jako rekwizyt

51%

Wachowski J.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2023

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issue 40

73-86

EN

The article is an attempt to describe the conditions in which the body assumes the role of a prop – it becomes an object organizing individual and social life. For such a process to take place, it is necessary to disconnect the body from the Self. It comes with his death. Funeral practices that change the social status of the body can take a monistic or dualistic form. The former make the body a relic and are based on the belief that soma is connected with its spiritual essence. The latter, on the contrary, points to the impermanence of such a connection. In this way, the body becomes a prop, an object, an object, and a tool for funeral performances.

18

Dziedzictwo kulturowe Rumunii okiem historyka

51%

Czamańska I.

Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne

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2025

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vol. 64

287-296

PL

Ewa Kocój to badaczka dziedzictwa kulturowego o ustalonej już renomie. Ma na swoim koncie kilka książek poświęconych dziedzictwu kulturowemu nie tylko Rumunii, ale też innych krajów, m.in. Polski, Słowacji, Bułgarii. Najnowsza książka krakowskiej etnolożki i antropolożki kultury Ginący świat dziedzictwa kulturowego małych wspólnot w Rumunii (Kocój 2023), mimo że w tytule ograniczona do Rumunii, w rzeczywistości prezentuje kontekst o wiele szerszy, rzec by można uniwersalny. Książka składa się z czterech części, które pozornie bardzo się od siebie różnią pod względem problematyki badawczej, metody i stylu, w praktyce jednak pokazują różne oblicza problemu dziedzictwa kulturowego. Część pierwsza: Regionalne dziedzictwo kulturowe – odkrywanie znaczeń i idei w kontekście doświadczeń europejskich to rozważania na temat kształtowania się pojęcia dziedzictwa kulturowego i roli, jaką pełniło ono w różnych czasach i środowiskach. Autorka początki idei zachowania regionalnego dziedzictwa kulturowego dostrzega na przełomie XIX i XX w. i rozpatruje je w kontekście trendów europejskich i światowych.

19

The Metaphysics of Overcoming —Ontological Foundations

51%

Matsyna A. I.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2017

|

issue 4

53-72

EN

This article studies the phenomenon of overcoming and provides a rationale of the understanding of the totality of human experience that integrates the situation of over-coming as that of the transcendence of human existence. As the basis of the research we use an integrated model of archaic cultural overcoming of the life–death dichotomy— a metaphysics of overcoming. A result of this metaphysics is a specific dialectical on-tology of myth, represented as an ontology of return. Manifestationism, holism, alo-gism, metamorphism, animism, cyclism, and sacralism are the general principles of this ontology. Return ontologies are in conflict with the ontology and metaphysics of the finite present in the religious and scientific worldviews. The author sees the prospects for a further study of the phenomenon of overcoming in using the subjective energistic approach that leads to understanding the phenomenon of overcoming at the biosocial level. The results of the research can be used as a philosophical basis for the develop-ment of an archaeological activity theory, in particular, a unified integrated approach to the ancient burial ritualism. They also allow to deepen the theoretical concepts of man, society, and culture.

Refine search results

Early Bronze burial materials from site 2 in Książnice, świętokrzyskie province

Igranie z ogniem – rytuały pogrzebowe kultury strzyżowskiej na przykładzie wybranych pochowków z cmentarzyska w Rogalinie

“Burying in logs” − A philological commentary on a Lower Chulym text recorded by A.P. Duĺzon

Złota culture graves at site 1 in Samborzec, Sandomierz District

Dla obcego inny grób? Wielkopolskie groby typu bustum jako przykład przyswojonej inności religijnej

Funeral rites on the southern boundary of the Komarov culture

Beiträge zur Forschungen Lausitzer Brauchtums

An elite burial from the Copper Age: Grave 8 at the cemetery of the Lublin-Volhynian culture at Site 2 in Książnice, the Świętokrzyskie province

Palą siebie w ogniu, gdy umrze im król lub wódz – I palą również jego wierzchowce. Wczesnośredniowieczny pochówek ciałopalny ze szczątkami konia z chodlika, pow. Opolski, woj. Lubelskie

Stanowisko władz komunistycznych w latach siedemdziesiątych XX wieku... w zakresie cmentarnictwa wyznaniowego i komunalnego

Death and burial in Kyivan Rus’ according to written sources

The Archaic Perception of Death —An Integrated Model

„Człowiek zrodzony z niewiasty (…) przemija jak cień, co nie trwa…” (Hi 14, 1a.2b). Śmierć i praktyki funeralne w Biblii (zarys problematyki)

Wartości ludzkie i chrześcijańskie gidarskich obrzędów pogrzebowych (Północny Kamerun)

The Image of Souls Climbing a Mountain in the Bychowiec Chronicle: An Echo of Pagan Customs in Renaissance Literature?

Złośliwe przeszkadzanie w wykonywaniu aktów religijnych w śwletle przepisów kodeksu karnego

Ciało jako rekwizyt

Dziedzictwo kulturowe Rumunii okiem historyka

The Metaphysics of Overcoming —Ontological Foundations