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Vysokoškoláci - přehled hlavních sociologických výzkumů realizovaných v ČR

100%
Minksová L.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
|
2010
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vol. 4
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issue 1
39-60
EN
This article summarizes previous sociological research on higher education students in the Czech Republic. It identifies the most important surveys carried out in the field and provides detailed information about twenty one higher education studies. Special attention is paid to a number of longitudinal surveys. The information presented in this review article identifies the main topics covered in previous higher education research. This article concludes by making suggestions for further research by highlighting those topics that have been examined in greater detail and those themes that have suffered relatively neglect thus far.
2
Content available remote

Počítačová textová analýza metodou sledování spoluvýskytů slov

100%
Hájek M.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2010
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vol. 4
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issue 1
19-37
EN
This article presents a method for computer-assisted text analysis, which has been employed by the author in a number of studies. The inductive methodology is based on a frequency count analysis of the co-occurrence of words; and a visualization of the results of this text analysis in a two dimensional space. The main advantage of this text analysis technique is its potential for (a) exploring large amounts of textual data without any pre-coded or theoretically laden vocabularies or thesauri; and (b) the extraction of discursive patterns often only detectable in an a posteriori expert analysis. An example is used to demonstrate the use of this computer assisted text analysis method through an analysis of the transcripts of biographical interviews exploring life in Czech socialist society. The analysis presented uncovers both shared and distinctive discursive patterns found in the narratives of the interviewees who come from two distinct social groups.
3
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Charakteristika panelového výzkumu a jeho vývoj

88%
Lechnerová Z.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2009
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vol. 3
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issue 1
31-51
EN
This article examines the development of panel studies and their main characteristics. The first part of this article outlines the historical development of panel studies. Here special reference is made to the first panel studies ever undertaken, and the influence of Paul Lazarsfeld on this field of research. Thereafter, there is an overview of some recent national panel studies, and different approaches used in the analysis of panel data. The second part of this article concentrates on the panel study as a type of longitudinal research where special attention is given to a number of issues: unit of analysis, mode of data collection, time span between waves of data collection, duration of panel studies, research themes and policy influences, and opportunities for studying change at the individual (micro) level. In the final section, there is a discussion of the specific difficulties associated with panel study research.
4
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Ekvivalence položek v mezinárodních datech: základní vymezení a možnosti analýzy

75%
Anýžová P.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2013
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vol. 7
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issue 1
29-56
EN
This article argues that the concept of equivalence is one of the most important methodological aspects of valid and reliable measurement in cross-national survey research. The important topic of survey measure equivalence has not been systematically in Czech social science publications to date and this article hopes to address this gap in the literature. Consequently, the two main goals of this article are (1) to acquaint the reader with techniques that are used to find questions that are interpreted in the same way across countries before data collection and (2) to describe the testing and evaluation of measurement indicators’ equivalence or comparability after data collection. This study presents cognitive approaches to “good” question wording practices, best translation practices and the application of both ‘emic’ (culture specific) and ‘etic’ (culture universal) approaches to survey question design. After data collection a range of statistic techniques are usually employed ranging from basic statistics such as the mean to advanced approaches such as multi-group structural equation modelling, multilevel modelling, latent class modelling and Item Response Theory). This article describes some of these techniques in the context of measurement equivalence and its associated research literature.
5
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Spor o metodologii Whytovy Street Corner Society

75%
Jeřábek H.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2013
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vol. 7
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issue 2
149-165
EN
William Foote Whyte’s Street Corner Society is a classic study in which research was carried out on an Italian slum in a large US city. The methodology and conclusions of the study, however, depart from the standard typology. It was not community research, or a case study, and it did not even fit the narrative model of qualitative research. Whyte’s study did not use quantitative methods and yet reached analytical conclusions. Interpersonal relations are its primary focus. It tries to reveal the patterns of recurring group activities with the objective of capturing the hierarchy in small groups and the rules these groups are guided by. This article examines the motivations of Whyte’s influential study, his research strategy and his main method - participant observation. In the concluding section of this article there is a discussion of the basic paradigmatic debate in which , Norman K. Denzin, Laurel Richardson and others criticised the methodology of the Street Corner Society while Arthur J. Vidich and other scholars praised this study’s innovative approach.
6

Analýza vztahu obyvatelstva k transformaci těžební oblasti Podkrušnohoří

63%
Pospíšil M.
Urbanismus a územní rozvoj
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2014
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issue 2
3-10
EN
The vision of the prospective transformation of the mining area in the foothills of the Ore Mountains (Podkrušnohoří), as expressed by the physical planning documentation of the Region of Ústí nad Labem, should be enhanced by a more detailed framework determining a stable and sustainable trajectory of the region’s future development. When taking into account local specifics in the planning of the area’s transformation, the local population is a relevant actor and participant. A sociological research has analyzed the attitudes of the population of Podkrušnohoří to current socioeconomic developments in the region and mining and post-mining activities. The results of the research were replenished and supported by the opinions of representatives of municipal administrations. The research has helped us to understand how this structurally affected region is perceived by its inhabitants, what factors have an influence on their attitudes and reactions, and which impacts these factors can have on the stability and social cohesion of the population.
CS
Do vize budoucí transformace těžební oblasti Podkrušnohoří, která je vyjádřena v krajské územně plánovací dokumentaci Zásad územního rozvoje Ústeckého kraje (ZÚR ÚK), by měl být promítnut detailnější koncepční rámec, jenž by stanovil stabilní a udržitelnou trajektorii dalšího rozvoje tohoto regionu. K zohlednění místních specifik v procesu plánování budoucí transformace těžební oblasti Podkrušnohoří je neopomenutelným aktérem a účastníkem místní obyvatelstvo. Provedený sociologický výzkum analyzoval postoje obyvatelstva Podkrušnohoří k současnému socioekonomickému vývoji regionu a probíhajícím těžebním i post-těžebním aktivitám. Výsledky průzkumu byly dále doplněny a podpořeny názory zástupců samosprávy obcí a měst. Výzkum přispívá k hlubšímu pochopení, jakým způsobem je vnímán tento strukturálně postižený region jeho obyvateli, jaké jsou významné faktory, které mají vliv na jejich postoje a reakce, a jaké mohou mít tyto faktory dopady na stabilitu a soudržnost obyvatel Podkrušnohoří.
7
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Archivace sociologických dat

63%
Vávra M.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2007
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vol. 1
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issue 1
7-18
EN
The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the issue of archiving sociological data. The article deals with archiving from several angles. It discusses its significance for scientific work and the place of archives in the "cycle of data circulation". Subsequently, it deals with the preparation of data for archiving - the demands that arise for both researchers and archive staff. The next part discusses the DDI standard as a tool suitable for the description of (not only) sociological data.
CS
Cílem článku je podat přehled o problematice archivace sociologických dat. Článek se zabývá archivací z několika úhlů pohledu. Rozebírá její význam pro vědeckou práci a místo archivů v „cyklu oběhu dat“. Následně se věnuje přípravě dat pro archivaci - nárokům, které z toho plynou jak pro výzkumníky, tak i pro pracovníky archivů. V další části je rozebrán standard DDI jakožto nástroj vhodný pro popis (nejen) sociologických dat.
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Kvalita modelů a volba parametrů počítačové textové analýzy v programu COOA

63%
Čepelák V.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2013
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vol. 7
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issue 1
7-27
EN
This article examines the reliability of statistical models that use visualization of word distances using computer-assisted text analysis. This study looks at the choice of parameters in the COOA - software for word co-occurrence analysis. The word co-occurrence analysis enables visualization of text structure through the exploration of the number of co-occurrences of words. The data visualization provided by a multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) procedure is susceptible to a particular form of error. The nonlinear relationship between words with significantly different frequencies lies at the root of this problem where words with higher frequencies are placed in the middle of a two-dimensional MDS map visualization. Words with lower frequency, on the other hand, are forced by the MDS estimator to the edge of the two-dimensional map and their estimated spatial positions are unstable. These two processes are potentially a major source of error in making inferences. One solution for reducing this source of error is to (a) reduce the number of words in a model or (b) increase of the number of model dimensions. This article, however, suggests that a detailed investigation of the word structure and a thorough analysis of the error sources and their meaningful interpretation may be a better solution.
9
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Slovenský archív sociálnych dát: možnosti podpory výskumu a slovensko-českej spolupráce v sociologických výskumoch

63%
Tížik M., Bahna M.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2007
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vol. 1
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issue 1
47-66
EN
The text deals with the history of representative research in Slovakia and Czechoslovakia since 1948 and on this example emphasizes the importance of archiving. The absence of a data archive resulted in the loss of data from many researches carried out before 1989. The study presents attempts to establish a data archive in Slovakia and introduces the Slovak Social Data Archive (SASD), which is currently operated by the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University and the Institute of Sociology. The relatively late institutionalization of the archive in Slovakia offered the possibility to archive data directly in the current DDI standard. The aim of SASD - to increase the methodological standards of research conducted in Slovakia, demonstrates the text on the examples of inconsistency of Slovak translations of questions and variants of answers from international research, as well as on the example of inconsistency of the scales used. At the end of the study, it presents a possible cooperation of social data archives in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Its task could be the archiving and completion of information on research from the period of the common state, or the creation of divided data files representative of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
10
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Cizinci jako obtížně dosažitelná populace

63%
Bernard J., Leontiyeva Y.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2013
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vol. 7
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issue 1
57-80
EN
Migration research is an emerging field in the Czech Republic and data collection poses many methodological challenges. Some of the problems are universal for the research of other hard-to-reach populations. Other problems are, on the contrary, unique, applying only for the research of immigrants and could be country specific. This article focusses mainly on the quantitative research of immigrants where the issue of sampling problem is of major concern. The aim of the article is to address the issue of sampling immigrants in the context of the Czech Republic. In the first part of the article, there is a review of existing methodological approaches to researching immigrant populations. The focus here is on potential problems when applying particular methods in the Czech context. The second part of the article is dedicated to a review of four major Czech sample surveys of immigrants that are compared in terms of their methodology and basic results.
11
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Měření přemosťujícího sociálního kapitálu: baterie PSK zjišťující odlišnosti v okruhu přátel

51%
Šafr J., Häuberer J.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2007
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vol. 1
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issue 2
85-108
EN
The article represents a simple tool for measuring the concept of so-called bridging social capital (PSK) using a battery of questions asking for differences in the circle of friends adapted for the conditions of the adult population in the Czech Republic. This battery was used in the Public Opinion Our Society 2007-04 (CVVM) poll. We first verify the convergent and discriminatory validity of the tool using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, in which we monitor whether the concept is multidimensional. The results show that bridging social capital needs to be considered in three different dimensions: different lifestyles, marginalized groups and different interests. We also verify the structural validity using a structural model. We are based on a theoretical model of the positive effects of the structural dimension of social capital (diversity in friendly ties) on its cultural dimension (tolerance, trust). We also pay attention to the item reliability of the PSK scales. Finally, we propose recommendations for the use of the PSK battery in further research.
CS
Stať představuje jednoduchý nástroj měření konceptu tzv. přemosťujícího sociálního kapitálu (PSK) pomocí baterie otázek dotazujících odlišnosti v okruhu přátel adaptovanou pro podmínky dospělé populace v ČR. Tato baterie byla použita ve výzkumu veřejného mínění Naše společnost 2007-04 (CVVM). Nejprve ověřujeme konvergentní a diskriminační validitu nástroje pomocí explorační a konfirmační faktorové analýzy, ve které sledujeme, zda je koncept vícedimenzionální. Výsledky ukazují, že o přemosťujícím sociálním kapitálu je třeba uvažovat ve třech různých dimenzích: odlišný životní způsob, okrajové skupiny a odlišné zájmy. Dále ověřujeme pomocí strukturního modelu konstruktovou validitu. Vycházíme z teoretického modelu pozitivních efektů strukturní dimenze sociálního kapitálu (diverzita v přátelských vazbách) na jeho kulturní dimenzi (tolerance, důvěra). Pozornost věnujeme také položkové reliabilitě škál PSK. Závěrem navrhujeme doporučení pro využití baterie PSK v dalších výzkumech.
12
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Kvalita výzkumů ve správě věcí veřejných: příklady šetření městských zastupitelů a klientů městských úřadů

51%
Ryšavý D.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2009
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vol. 3
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issue 2
171-185
EN
An increasing number of surveys are employed in the field of public administration. This begs the question, what is the quality of this form of research? In this article two different surveys are presented and compared. First, a client satisfaction survey implemented at twelve municipal offices is examined. Second, there is an exploration of an international comparative research project that studies municipal representatives (MAELG). An examination of the research methodologies employed in both of these two surveys reveals the problems inherent to this type of inquiry. Strategies for overcoming these obstacles in future research are described. This study argues that examination of methodological issues can lead to important substantive insights; in this case it is the link between public administration and democracy.
13
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Poválečný sociologický výzkum města Brna z roku 1947 a metodika jeho soudobého zpracování z pohledu historicko-sociologické analýzy průmyslového dělnictva před rokem 1948

51%
Janák D., Stanoev M., Hušek P.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2014
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vol. 8
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issue 2
143-163
EN
The present paper deals with the Brno Social Study, a rather extraordinary questionnaire survey given its extent and time (1947). Data analysis was forestalled by the political transformation after 1948, but the questionnaires were preserved. We have inherited a unique set of data for a historical-sociological analysis focusing both on the population of industry workers and on the social structure of Czech society in the advent of the communist coup. The Brno Social Study is contextualized in the state of post-war sociology, and the avenues toward its inception and implementation are mapped. The central part of the paper analyses the survey data from a contemporary analytical perspective, discussing the dataset’s representativeness. The primary objective of the paper is to propose, and initiate scholarly debate about, a feasible methodology for analysing the archived data today. The methodology serves to construct a representative sample through a combination of purposive, quota and random sampling; to determine the respondents’ socio-economic status using both ISCO and an original conceptualization of working class status; and to present certain data on respondents’ lifestyles that might be of interest for future analyses.
14
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Děti bez manželství nebo bez otců?

51%
Hamplová D.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2007
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vol. 1
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issue 2
141-154
EN
This text deals with the increase in extramarital fertility in the Czech Republic. In the introduction, he recalls that contemporary sociology offers two explanations for why this trend occurs. The first is the so-called theory of the second demographic transition and the second is the reference to the abuse of social benefits. This article offers further explanation for the increasing proportion of women giving birth outside of marriage, especially among mothers with low education. Data Social and economic conditions of motherhood suggest that the growing extramarital fertility can be largely attributed to single motherhood, especially in the lower social strata. In the last monitoring period, more than half of mothers with basic education no longer had a permanent partner at the time of childbirth; men with basic education also have very limited contacts with their children after breaking up with their partner.
CS
Tento text se věnuje nárůstu mimomanželské plodnosti v České republice. V úvodu připomíná, že současná sociologie nabízí dvě vysvětlení, proč k tomuto trendu dochází. Prvním je tzv. teorie druhého demografického přechodu a druhým odkaz na zneužívání sociálních dávek. Tento článek nabízí další vysvětlení, proč se zvyšuje podíl žen, které rodí děti mimo manželství, a to zvláště mezi matkami s nízkým vzděláním. Data Sociální a ekonomické podmínky mateřství totiž naznačují, že rostoucí mimomanželskou plodnost je možné do značné míry připsat osamělému mateřství, a to zvláště v nižších sociálních vrstvách. V posledním sledovaném období neměla v době porodu stálého partnera již více než polovina matek se základním vzděláním; muži se základním vzděláním mají rovněž po rozchodu s partnerkou velmi omezené kontakty se svými dětmi.
15
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Strategie měření socioekonomického statusu a zdraví v sociologických publikacích

45%
Kreidl M., Hošková L.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2008
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vol. 2
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issue 2
131-154
EN
This article reports the results of a content analysis of recently published papers on the relationship(s) between socioeconomic status and health. This study explores how scholars conceptualize and measure socioeconomic status and health. Consequently, this research investigates if significant differences in measurement exist both across subfields within sociology and across disciplines. The evidence presented reveals a remarkable variation in measurement strategies. Moreover, this variation exhibits a pattern that is not entirely predictable. This article concludes by presenting in detail some of the most widely used health indicators and proposing that current measurement practice may be improved by utilizing some more advanced scaling strategies.
16
Content available remote

Proměny časování a způsobu návratu matek do zaměstnání

45%
Hašková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 2
40-52
EN
In a European comparison, the Czech Republic is one of the countries where motherhood has the biggest negative impact on women’s employment participation. Some researchers explain this situation as resulting from Czech mothers’ preferences for a long-term interruption to their labour market participation. Others stress that preferences are structurally and culturally embedded and identify barriers to the return of Czech mothers to the labour market. In this article, the author first introduces a critique of the theories that focus on preferences in work-life balance studies. Second, inspired by the critique and based on a representative survey of the Czech adult population from 2010 focused on life course histories, the author analyses changes in the length of women’s employment interruptions caused by motherhood since the 1950s and describes the current refamilization model applied in Czech society. Subsequent analysis of biographical interviews with mothers of small children provides an insight into their decision-making about returning to the labour market, and the analysis also shows that statistical evidence of the increase in the economic inactivity of Czech mothers often relates to their involvement in unpaid or unofficially paid economic activities. These strategies are the result of their structurally and culturally constrained decision-making and limited opportunities to achieve work-life balance. At the end of the day, these factors strengthen long-term gender inequalities in the society.
17
Content available remote

Nejdříve dítě, potom svatba?: rodinné dráhy neprovdaných matek

45%
Klímová Chaloupková J.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 2
30-39
EN
One of the most important factors contributing to the increasing diversity of family trajectories is the growing prevalence of unmarried cohabitation and extramarital births. Using data from the ‘Social and Economic Conditions of Motherhood’ survey (SEPM) from 2006, this paper explores the factors influencing the probability that an unmarried mother will marry after childbirth. The findings show that for one ‑third of unmarried mothers in the Czech Republic unmarried parenthood is the first phase in the family life ‑course leading to marriage rather than long term family arrangement. Unmarried mothers living in unmarried cohabitation, women with higher education, and women who have postponed marriage due to pregnancy have a higher probability of making the transition to marriage. The analysis does not confirm that the uncertainty of the relationship and a partner’s negative attitudes towards marriage at the time of childbirth have negative effects on the transition to marriage after childbirth.
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