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TRI ÚVAHY NAD J. ONDRUŠOM (SONET, KVAPKA SNA, Z NEMOCNICE)

100%
Matejov F.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2014
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vol. 61
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issue 3
238 – 248
EN
The article maps in a synecdochical manner the poetic journey made by Ján Ondruš (1932 – 2000) from the elementary lyric situation and mood – The Sonnet to the constellation of dream, natural elements or cycles and poetic imagination – A Drop of Dream to the vivisections, textual-physical exercises typical of the author – From Hospital. The main focus is on analytical reading of the text From Hospital (collection Šialený mesiac /The Mad Moon, 1965): the genre, the semantics of the names and motifs, the constitutive duality of „agent“ and „patient“. The article also maps how the debutant poet´s initial lyric melancholy transforms and becomes more problematic: from the discreetly present traditional iconography to the poetics of corporeality in the sense of „patient“.
2

Czy decydujemy o swojej śmierci?

100%
Jantos M.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2014
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vol. 42
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issue 3
171-185
EN
Along with intensively developing, life-prolonging medical technology, various issues arise related to the procedure of dying. May one give up life-sustaining therapy that is medically recommended but undesired by the patient? May one resign from making use of medical procedures (through something known as a living will or advance directive)? People do want to decide about the manner and the time of their own death but they are deprived of this right. Is a suicide committed with the help of a doctor morally justified? Should a medically supported suicide should be pennitted by law? The idea of a living will first appeared in Poland in public debate in 2008. In Polish law there is no prohibition against expressing consent for the future and it is treated as a classical declaration of the patient’s will. According to Article 9 of the European Convention on Bioethics, the physician is obliged to take into consideration the patient’s will expressed in advance. At present, the Polish health system is not capable of ensuring the implementation of a living will signed abroad. The Bill on the Amendment to the Act on Patient Rights and the Patient Rights Spokesman assume the possibility of implementing a living will created in another country. If a patient in New York has a bracelet with the inscription DNR (Do Not Resuscitate), doctors will not attempt to save his life at any cost. Shall the Polish Parliament introduce a similar form of deciding about one’s own life, namely so-called a living will?
3
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THE BIOETHICS OF COEXISTENCE WITH ROBOTS TODAY AND IN THE SCI-FI FUTURE

100%
Károly T.
World Literature Studies
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2024
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vol. 16
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issue 2
31 – 43
EN
We are living in an era when the influence of robotization is continually increasing in all possible spheres of human life. Robots are not only helpful for physical activities; they are even taking on, for example, the position of psychotherapists. This article analyses the current influence of robots in healthcare and bioethically examines their mutual coexistence with humans – the robot-patient relationship. We find that it is necessary to consider a new ethics of robots, because it is not always clear why artificial intelligence has arrived at a given solution and what exact sequences it has used to do so. Bioethics should also be inspired by the possible scenarios presented to us by sci-fi stories about the potential technical future. When analysing these narratives, we find that although machines and people coexist, they nevertheless differ from each other, with their own logic, emotions and empathy, their own physics and laws of nature. This machine difference can be a predictable factor of potential dystopias, when machines, based either on their autonomy or the logical consequence of the algorithm, come to violate ethics towards people. Although robots have human-like features, they are not human; therefore, there exists a species boundary between us and them that needs to be controlled.
4
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TYPES OF PRIVATE FINANCING OF MEDICAL CARE BY PATIENTS IN POLAND (Formy prywatnego finansowania opieki medycznej przez pacjentów w Polsce)

100%
Paszkowska M.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
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2011
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vol. 7
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issue 3
59-74
EN
The share of privately paid medical care is steadily increasing. Polish patients pay immediately for single services and may also privately conclude the contracts for medical insurance or subscription (steady access to complex private medical care). The aim of this paper is to draw the reader's attention to the possibilities a Polish patient has of obtaining complex private medical care. The paper describes the range of services which are guaranteed for all patients insured by National Health Fund (financed from public resources) and contracts of private health insurance and medical subscription.
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