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DISPOZIČNÍ PREDIKÁTY A LINGVISTICKÁ RELATIVITA

100%
Tvrdý F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2025
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vol. 80
|
issue 6
826 – 840
EN
Dispositions are unobserved properties of objects that may or may not manifest under certain conditions. These properties can be described using dispositional predicates, which typically require the use of conditional clauses. In this paper, I focus on the confounding nature of indicative and counterfactual conditionals. The first part addresses terminological issues in Czech philosophy, particularly those stemming from the uncritical adoption of the English linguistic framework. The second part provides a brief overview of the analysis of dispositional predicates in Anglophone philosophy, tracing its development from the 1930s to the 1970s. In the third part, I explore how the linguistic intuitions of native English and Czech speakers differ when discussing dispositions. In part four, I place these conflicting intuitions about modality within the broader context of linguistic relativity. Finally, I reflect on some of the reasons for the prevalence of counterfactual reasoning in philosophy.
2
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MODERNÍ DEMOKRACIE MEZI ČESKOU FILOSOFIÍ A KRITICKOU TEORIÍ

88%
Šimsa M.
Annales Scientia Politica
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2022
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vol. 11
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issue 1
31 - 39
EN
The paper reflects on the concept of modern democracy as we encounter it in Czech philosophy, specifically in the work of Masaryk and his interpreters and critics, i.e. especially Rádl and Patočka, then in critical theory, focusing especially on the work of Habermas, and then in the work of Arnason, where we trace his inspiring political philosophical movement between Czech philosophy (Masaryk, Patočka, Kosík) and critical theory in both its German (Marx, Max Weber, Habermas) and French versions (Lefort, Castoriadis) and his creative critical dialogue with Eisenstadt. Modern democracy is not fundamentally different from liberal democracy, but more emphasizes autonomy, emancipation, its socially imaginary and critically creative dialogical participation.
3

TROJÍ POJETÍ SVOBODY

88%
Hejduk T.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2021
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vol. 76
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issue 2
110 – 124
EN
Berlin’s division of liberty into its positive and negative variants is usually mentioned as a point of reference in the debates about freedom. However, I consider as more fundamental the difference between liberal freedom and freedom based on responsible relations with other people and the surrounding world. In other words, I question the meaning of freedom, which - with a reference to the conception of Ladislav Hejdánek, proponent of the Czech practical philosophy – I do not consider to be an elimination of various life bonds, but instead their acceptance, fulfilment, or improvement. However, such binding freedom can also find its “allies” in liberalism – namely in the so-called liberalism of fear (B. Williams, J. Shklar), which is surprisingly close to Hejdánek’s conception and represents at least one of the contemporary currents of liberalism, able to unite with a seemingly opposing tradition. In addition to introducing Hejdánek’s conception of freedom, the aim of the paper is also to outline this connection.
4

PATOČKA A SLOVENSKO

88%
Bakoš V.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2010
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vol. 65
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issue 1
1-11
EN
Jan Patocka outlined the basic principles of his phenomenology in the 60ies, when a possibility appeared for him to publish them in Slovakia. He influenced the Slovak philosophy by his contributions on the history of Czech philosophy, by his critical evaluation of the philosophy of Czech history (especially that of Masaryk), as well as by developing his double concept of nation in Czech tradition (the language-cultural and social-ethical ones). Also in his outlines of Czech philosophy he occasionally reviewed the writings of Slovak philosophers. In the interpreting of philosophy of 'small nations' his concept of 'marginal philosophy' might be inspiring.
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