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Rozdíly v celkovém sebepojetí u dětí a adolescentů České republiky podle věku a pohlaví

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Orel M., Obereignerů R., Reiterová E., Malůš M., Fac O.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2015
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vol. 6
|
issue 2
65-77
EN
Problem: The article presents a study of the differences in self-concept of children and adolescents based on their sex and age. Self-concept is an integral part of each personality. The level of self-concept in pupils may reflect significantly on their overall life satisfaction as well as influence their subjective success (individually experienced) and their objective success (evaluated externally). Methods: The diagnostic tool used was the Czech adaptation of Children's and adolescents self-concept scale PHCSCS-2 (Obereignerů et al., 2015). The original American version of Piers-Harris Children Self-concept Scale 2 (PHCSCS-2) is a 60-item self-report scale which comprises 7 areas of self-assessment. It includes the subscale of overall self-concept: Total Score (TOT) - which represents the level of the respondent’s overall self-concept and six subscales evaluating specific areas of self-concept: Behavioural Adjustment (BEH), Intellectual and School Status (INT), Physical Appearance and Attributes (PHY), Freedom from Anxiety (FRE), Popularity (POP), Happiness and Satisfaction (HAP). The Czech standardization which took place in recent years, respected all requirements for the conversion of a foreign diagnostic tool. The research group included 4901 pupils and students at primary and secondary schools in the Czech Republic aged 9-21. The group was divided into twelve groups based on sex and age - group 1 (9-10 years), group 2 (11-12 years), group 3 (13-14 years), group 4 (1516 years), group 5 (17-18 years), group 6 (19-21 years), equivalently for boys/men and girls/women. The study presents the differences of seven self-concept dimensions, as mentioned above (the Total Score and six subscales) in Self-Concept in Children and Adolescent based on sex. Most attention is paid to the Total Score (TOT) as a most reliable indicator. The study also reveals development curves of all six subscales of girls/women and boys/men based on age. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in the results between sexes in Total Score (TOT) and four of self-concept dimensions - Behavioural Adjustment (BEH), Intellectual and School Status (INT), Freedom from Anxiety (FRE), Happiness and Satisfaction (HAP) - in the research group of 4901 Czech pupils and students were demonstrated by T-test. Statistically significant differences in the results between sexes in Total Score (TOT) in the age categories of 15-16 years and 17-18 years (p < 0.001) and significant difference in the results between sexes in the overall self-concept in the age category of 9-10 years (p < 0.05) in the research group of 4901 Czech pupils and students were also demonstrated by T-test. Discussion: Certain older studies quoted in the discussion do not show (contrary to our findings) any difference in the self-concept in respondents based on sex, other studies evaluate the differences as mild while other show differences that are not considered as clinically significant. As PHCSCS-2 is a newly standardized and prospectively applicable psychodiagnostic tool, further analyses will follow as well as outputs concerning the children and adolescent population in the Czech Republic and elsewhere. Practical application arising from the findings, however, consists in the necessity to approach children and adolescents in an individual manner, taking into account their age and sex (avoiding "measuring all children by the same yardstick"). In view of the significance of self-assessment for personality, in practice we consider as crucial to take into account in a more sensitive manner the things to which the children and adolescents are "more sensitive and vulnerable" as well as their sex. Conclusion: This article provides the first and partial results within an extensive research project of the team of the authors.
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The reception and representation of English as an academic language among foreign students in Poland and its influence on (re)shaping individual identities

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Furman M., Aleksandrzak M.
Glottodidactica
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2023
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vol. 50
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issue 1
97-117
EN
The article discusses selected problems of learning and using English as an academic language from the perspective of foreign students in Poland. The theoretical part of the paper concentrates on the issues related to the concept of identity and the status of English as an academic lingua franca, especially in the light of the growing role of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in university education. Such theoretical background is intended to serve as a kind of introduction to the discussion which centres around the influence of this specific social variation of the English language on the process of shaping or reshaping identities among students who have decided to continue their education outside their native language environment in the multilingual context of a university language department. Seen from such a perspective, university courses in EAP may be treated as a form of practical implementation of multilingual pedagogy and, more specifically, the idea of inclusive “classrooms” with a particular goal-oriented curriculum. The empirical part of the article presents the research project which aimed to examine the above-mentioned phenomena as experienced by a group of language students of different ethnic and national background who have been studying (and living) in Poland for at least a year. The main research technique used in this qualitative study was the semi-structured interview, selected with a view to obtaining an in-depth picture and highly personalised account of the process of (re)constructing individual identities in a specific social context and educational setting.
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Brief Report: The Role of Psychological Language in Children’S Theory of Mind and Self-Concept Development

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Bosacki S. L.
Psychology of Language and Communication
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2014
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vol. 18
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issue 1
41-52
EN
Children’s self-concept and theory of mind are both important factors in children’s social, cognitive and emotional development. Research on gender differences in children’s theory of mind understanding reveals contradictory findings such as higher degree of social understanding or theory of mind in girls (Villaneuva Badenes, Clemente Estevan, & Garcia Bacete 2000), boys score higher than girls (Russell et al., 2007), or no gender differences at all (Villaneuva Badenes, Clemente Estevan, & Garcia Bacete, 2000). This research study is part of a larger 3-year longitudinal study, investigating children’s social and emotional development during middle childhood. This study explores the gendered relations between self-concept and social understanding (including psychological language) in middle school aged children (n = 49, ages 11-13). Results suggest a negative correlation between boys’ sense of self-worth and psychological language. Implications for curriculum development that promotes socio-emotional literacy within middle school are discussed
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Development of Self-concept in Slovak Adolescents

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Ďuricová L., Frgelcová E.
The New Educational Review
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2020
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vol. 60
13-26
EN
The aim of the cross-sectional study is to map the development of self-concept in adolescents in terms of the Piers-Harris domain approach as well as to capture gender specifics, if any, in the process of its formation. Research involved 290 adolescents, divided in three age categories. The Piers-Harris Children’s and Adolescents´ Self-Concept Scale (Obereignerů et al., 2015) was used as the research tool. Results do not indicate statistically significant differences between groups of adolescents in their overall self-concept by age, except in certain self-concept dimensions. More specific results are provided by the gender analysis of age differences. Over time, change in physical self-concept (PHY) occurs in boys, and changes in behavioural self and anxiety (BEH, FRE) occur in girls. Results of the study can be taken into consideration by all school professionals in their work.
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Self-Concept and English Oral Proficiency of Senior High School Students

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Dadulla J. B., Potane J. D.
The New Educational Review
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2022
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vol. 69
170-179
EN
The study intended to determine if self-concept predicts senior high school students’ English oral proficiency level. The correlational research design was used to describe the relationship of the variables. Forty (40) students were randomly chosen as a sample from the population. A self-concept questionnaire and an oral proficiency interview were administered. The data were analysed using frequency count, computation of mean, Pearson product-moment correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and simple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed that the respondents have an above-average self-concept in the social and family dimensions. Further study showed that only the physical, psychological, academic, and family dimensions predict oral proficiency in the English language. On the contrary, it was statistically determined that the social dimension does not predict oral proficiency. With the study’s findings, it can be concluded that speech development programmes must be holistic to cater not only the communicative abilities of the students but also their affective domains. It could help improve the quality of English language education in the country in terms of oral proficiency development.
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Perceived Parenting Style and Self-Concept of Slovak Pubescent Youth

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Ladnová Z., Ďuricová L.
The New Educational Review
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2018
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vol. 52
55-65
EN
The research study focuses on verification of the relationship between individual components of parenting and pubescent self-concept. The aim is also to examine gender differences in perceived parenting and self-concept in pubescent youth. It is a correlation-comparative study with the research sample consisting of 119 pubescent youth aged 11–15. Research tools: the Parenting Style Questionnaire (Čáp & Boschek) and the Piers-Harris Children’s and Adolescents’ Self-Concept Scale 2. Research results allow for stating that perceived parenting significantly correlates with pubescent self-concept. Gender differences in perceived parenting appear only in mothers, in the negative emotional component and in the component of demands, with girls scoring significantly higher. A gender difference in favour of boys can be stated in the overall pubescent self-concept.
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Relationship between self-concept and resistance in terms of “hardiness” in university students

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Miškolciová L., Ďuricová L.
The New Educational Review
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2015
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vol. 39
96-106
EN
The contribution presents new findings concerning the relationship between self-concept and resistance in terms of “hardiness” in university students. It points to the influence of self-concept on coping with stress in life.
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Sarah Mercer and Marion Williams, Multiple Perspectives on the Self in the SLA

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Derenowski M.
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2020
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vol. 6
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issue 1
185-188
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Self-concept and self-esteem: How the content of the self-concept reveals sources and functions of self-esteem

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Lachowicz-Tabaczek K., Śniecińska J.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2011
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vol. 42
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issue 1
24-35
EN
The relations of content of self-concept to self-esteem may reflect the role of different factors in developing self-esteem. On the basis of theories describing sources of self-esteem, we distinguished four domains of self-beliefs: agency, morality, strength and energy to act, and acceptance by others, which we hypothesized to be related to self-esteem. In two studies, involving 411 university students, the relationship between self-esteem and self-concept was examined. The results confirmed relative independence of these four domains. Self-evaluation of agency was the strongest predictor of selfesteem, followed by self-evaluation of strength and energy to act, and self-evaluation of acceptance by others. Selfevaluation regarding morality turned out to have either no or negative relationship with self-esteem. The results supported the theories assuming that either perception of one’s own agency or acceptance by others are sources of self-esteem.
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Self-concept of University Students and Their Motivation

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Ďuricová L.
The New Educational Review
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2009
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vol. 17
264-275
EN
The research study deals with self-assessment by university students. Its results confirm the significant influence of self-concept on achievement motivation, motivation for creativity and partially also on academic achievement of adolescents.
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Self-Concept and Personality Factors of Slovak Adolescents as Predictors of Their School Engagement

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Ďuricová L.
The New Educational Review
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2025
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vol. 80
59-69
EN
The aim of the study is to examine self-concept sensu Piers-Harris and personality traits sensu Big Five in the role of predictors of the construct of Slovak adolescents’ school engagement (N = 575, 15–20 years old, 52% women). Research tools: Student Engagement in School - Four Dimensional Scale/SES4DS, Adolescent Self-Concept Short Scale/ASCSS, The Mini International Item Pool/Mini IPIP. The resulting regression model explains 34% of the variability of adolescent school engagement by means of these variables (except neuroticism and extraversion), with adolescents’ self-concept sensu Piers-Harris confirmed as the strongest predictor. Since self-concept can be modified during adolescence, the result may be relevant to intervention programmes for underachieving students and students with poor school engagement.
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Courtesy stigma and self-concept in partners of individuals with a physical disability

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Byra S., Parchomiuk M.
Człowiek - Niepełnosprawność - Społeczeństwo
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2017
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vol. 36
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issue 2
25-42
EN
The article analyzes the relationship between (perceived and affiliate) courtesy stigma and self-concept among spouses of individuals with physical disabilities. The sample consisted of 85 spouses of individuals with physical disabilities. The data was collected using the Courtesy Stigma Questionnaire by Stanisława Byra and Monika Parchomiuk and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale by William H. Fitts. The respondents reported significantly higher results for perceived stigma compared to affiliate stigma. Courtesy stigma manifestations are similar in the cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects. The study found significant relationships between the dimensions of courtesy stigma and self-concept aspects. The highest contribution in accounting for the specific aspects of self-concept (e.g. moral self, personal self, social self) is presented by the affective component of courtesy stigma. Statistically significant, although minor, contribution is also presented by the behavioral component, especially for the physical self, self-criticism and identity scales. The cognitive component of courtesy stigma was found not to account for the self-concept of the spouses in any way.
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Self-Concept in the United States: History and Definitional Models

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Pierson M. R.
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
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2014
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issue 4
107-116
PL
Self-concept has been an important theoretical construct for children and especially for children with mild/moderate disabilities in the history of special education. This chapter will review the role that self-concept has played in the field of special education and how it has impacted children in the history of schooling in the United States. Definitional models of self-concept will be presented and analyzed in light of the impact of the social outcomes on academic/cognitive progress.
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In Search for the Adaptive Self: A Model of Adaptive Self-Concept

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Jankowski T., Bąk W.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2020
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vol. 23
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issue 4
309-328
EN
The main aim of this article is to present a descriptive social-cognitive model of the adaptive self-concept (ASC) which integrates knowledge concerning the relationship between two aspects of the self-self-awareness and self-knowledge-and optimal functioning. We propose that adaptive self-awareness is moderately frequent, non-ruminative, focused on inner states, and motivated by curiosity. Adaptive self-knowledge is defined as accurate, complex, integrated and consisting of easily accessible self-beliefs, both abstract and concrete. The broader context for the ASC model is discussed, including its regulatory and interpersonal functions and factors which influence ASC development. The limitations of the model are discussed and suggestions are made for future investigations. Funding Information: This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Centre (NSC; 2015/19/B/HS6/02216).
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Longitudinal effects of task performance and self-concept on preadolescent EFL learners’ causal attributions of grammar success and failure

88%
Faber G.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
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2019
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vol. 9
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issue 4
633-656
EN
Learners’ academic self-concepts and attributions have been widely evidenced to substantially regulate their educational development. Develop­men­tally, they will not only oper­ate in a mu­tually reinforcing manner. Rather, self-concepts will di­­­­rectly affect learners’ out­come attri­bu­­tions in a particular academic set­ting. Current research in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context has increasingly anal­­yzed learners’ attributions and self-concepts on a task-spe­­cific construct level. Never­the­less, there still exist certain research gaps in the field, partic­ularly con­cerning learners’ gram­mar self-con­cept and attributions. There­fore, the present study aimed at anal­yzing lon­gi­tu­dinal re­­lat­ions of prior performance and self-concept with subsequent attri­bu­tions of gram­mar suc­cess and failure in a samp­le of preadolescent EFL learners. Findings demonstrated that attri­bu­tional pat­terns most­­­­ly but not en­tire­ly depended on learn­ers’ grammar self-concept. Poor per­­form­ing learn­ers hold­ing a low self-concept dis­­played a maladaptive attri­bu­tion pattern for ex­­plain­ing both gram­­­mar suc­cess and failure. Though not with respect to all causal factors, these findings largely con­firm the crucial role of task-spe­cific self-concept in longitudinally explaining re­­lated control beliefs in the EFL con­text.
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Student Agency in Translator Training: Setting a Framework for Good Practices

88%
González Davies M.
Research in Language
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2021
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vol. 19
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issue 2
117-133
EN
Both teacher and student agency have been discussed and researched for quite some time in different learning contexts. Here, I will present a general framework for pedagogical practices that enhance translator education by promoting student agency defined as the process through which learners become capable of strategic actions which form the basis for autonomy and confidence in their own proficiency and effectiveness. I will suggest how student agency and collaborative and situated learning can interact to provide students with professional and relational skills that set the basis for the development of autonomous strategic learning. This combined approach involves the acceptance and use of planned and spontaneous learning opportunities embedded in contextualised activities, tasks, and projects. Some practical examples will illustrate the main points.
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Dynamics of learner affective development in early FLL

88%
Mihaljević Djigunović J.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 2
159-178
EN
Affective learner factors were first considered as a cause of success in language learning. This was followed by a change in approach and recently authors (e.g., Edelenbos, Johnstone, & Kubanek, 2006) have considered them an important outcome, especially in early foreign language learning (FLL). Current research into affective learner factors in early FLL tries to catch the developmental aspects too, and studies are emerging that take a contextual view as well. This paper describes a study on affective characteristics of young FL learners that combines the developmental and contextual perspectives. Using the case study methodology the author analyses the affective profiles of three young learners of English as a foreign language who were followed for 4 years. The analyses are done taking into account their immediate language learning environment, home support, out-of-school exposure to English and language achievement. The findings suggest that affective learner factors contribute to the dynamic complexity of early FLL.
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Podmiotowa i przedmiotowa perspektywa tożsamości osobistej we współczesnym świecie

88%
Brygoła E.
Polskie Forum Psychologiczne
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2013
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vol. XVIII
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issue 3
284-302
EN
The article is a theoretical review of former and actual conceptions of personal identity that after Seymour Epstein (1991) may be concerned from two perspectives: (1) the subjective and (2) the objective. The first one refers to affective manner of self-experiencing and displays in identity senses, such as – for example – sense of self-continuity, sense of distinctiveness from other people, or sense of self-unity (that are more characteristic for traditional identity) and sense of self-openness, sense of inner variability, sense of self-changeability (that are more characteristic for so called fluid identity). The literature gives many elements of subjective identity and one of the aims of this article is to gather these different elements and to propose some kind of grouping them depending on socio-cultural context of individual’s living. The propose of grouping of identity senses is hypothetical and demands empirical verification. In the article the second, objective perspective of personal identity is also presented, and as a conclusion there is a postulate to integrate in research on identity these two perspectives, especially in a context of contemporary world that is very varied, complex and dynamic.
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Self-Concept as a Correlate of Aggressive Behaviour among Undergraduate Students of the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

88%
Ajiboye S. K.
The New Educational Review
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2023
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vol. 72
96-107
EN
Aggressive behaviour is a menace that has lasting consequences on the victims and the perpetrator, which could result in school avoidance, poor academic performance, dropout, and others. Thus, the study investigated the correlation between self-concept and aggressive behaviour among undergraduate students of the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 720, with 386 male and 334 female participants. An instrument titled “Self-concept and Aggressive Behaviour Questionnaire (SABQ)” was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was subjected to test-retest reliability, and a value of r=77 was obtained. The research questions were answered using mean summation and average, while the hypotheses were tested with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and the t-test statistics. The results revealed a low level of self-concept among respondents; males have a lower self-concept than female undergraduate students. There was a high level of aggressive behaviour among respondents; males have more aggressive behaviour than females. There was significant mean difference between male and female respondents in their self-concept and aggressive behaviour. It was recommended that school guidance counsellors design and implement programmes that could enhance self-concept and reduce aggressive behaviour among undergraduate students of universities.
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Comparison of Self-Concept and Self-Perceived School Success of Children with Foster Home or Family Upbringing

75%
Tirpák J., Uhrinová M.
Journal of Education, Technology and Computer Science
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 2(32)
51-60
EN
This study is concerned with comparing the self-concept and self-perceived school success of children aged 10–15 years growing up in foster homes or in family environments. The research was carried out using the standardized Studentʼs Perception of Ability Scale (SPAS) questionnaire (Matějček, Vágnerová, 1992), applied to a sample cohort of 178 selected respondents. The article reflects key aspects relating to this research.
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