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EN
Aim/purpose – Not only have micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) been regarded as a driving force of the national economy, but they have also become important in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. In general, today’s MSMEs face problems, such as high business costs, insufficient innovation, and inadequate management capabilities, that have all forced the digital transformation of MSMEs. However, in existing studies, the impact of digital transformation on performance is controversial, and the subjects are generally listed companies. In this paper, we have decided to use micro business survey data and analyze them from a spatial perspective to explore how MSMEs’ digital transformation plays a role in influencing performance and the path of its effect. Design/methodology/approach – We use a sampling method with a dual directory-regional sampling frame to investigate MSMEs in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China and then delve into the impact of digital transformation on enterprise performance from a spatial perspective by the spatial weighted logit model. Findings – Hierarchical analysis shows that there is a large room for improvement in the Digital transformation of enterprises. The digitalization level of an enterprise has a positive impact on performance. While from a spatial perspective, the digitalization level of neighboring enterprises has a negative impact on the performance of the enterprise. Path analysis shows that the digital transformation of enterprises can increase innovation, reduce costs, and improve the performance of enterprises. Originality/value – We provide an empirical basis for vigorously promoting the digital transformation of enterprises, jointly building digital parks, and improving enterprise performance by reducing costs and improving efficiency. At the same time, it provides relevant suggestions for digital transformation for manufacturing MSMEs that are hesitant to see or are at a loss in the digital transformation and helps manufacturing MSMEs to achieve cost reduction and increase efficiency.
EN
Within the context of increasingly digital work, it appeared interesting to look at how military leaders and their leadership style will have to adapt to remain “up-to-speed” with current challenges. It is qualitative research based on interviews with military and civilian experts. Four interviews have been conducted, but there would be the potential to interview many more experts and look deeper into the matter. Within the context of digitalised military leadership, the importance of communication and mutual trust has been underscored by the experts. They agreed that leaders nowadays must embrace digital developments and include them in their leadership styles. The civilian world can learn from the military when it comes to leadership approaches, which is happening at the time of publication of this article with practical examples (senior military leaders assigned to lead the pandemic task force in some countries). Overall, the outcome of the research is that a relevant and resilient military leadership style in the 21st century resembles the elements of the situational leadership style developed by Hersey-Blanchard.
EN
A world without plastic packaging waste by 2030 is achievable. But it will require significant change. It will require consumers to be connected to the packaging they use. It will require a marriage between economy, ecology, and society. And it will require a monetary, ecological (i.e., carbon credit), and social value to be assigned to packaging that is currently disposed of all too easily. And finally, it will require “Uberization of waste management.” In this paper, a number of solutions and recommendations for creating a world without plastic packaging waste are presented – all are in harmony with the pace of change we are witnessing within the present age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) aka Industry 4.0. The study explores how the plastics industry in general, and Food & Beverage (F&B) industry in particular can adopt the recommendations, thus transforming the industry, and crafting entirely new customer value propositions. The findings from the yearlong qualitative study that commenced in 2018, in part were based on interviews of industry experts. They are condensed into nine strategic recommendations to help achieve the vision of a world free plastic pollution by 2030. The recommendations were chosen to be both achievable yet bold and strive to encourage all stakeholders to work collectively towards meeting the vision by 2030.
EN
Objectives: This study aims to identify the opportunities and threats of automation and robotisation process automation in the development of public services. Research Design & Methods: In this study, the method of deduction was used as well as auxiliary methods and techniques such as logical analysis, analysis and study of literature, and classification and scientific description. The reasoning process was based on knowledge of management sciences and the existing findings with regard to digital transformation, in particular the robotic process automation of the public sector and services. Findings: The study revealed opportunities and threats related to the automation and robotisation of public services concerning three entities/groups: citizens, administration employees, and public organisations. Implications: The issues presented in the article might constitute the basis for practitioners, mainly public authorities and all other persons responsible for creating and implementing automated and robotic public services. Applications can be of particular interest to local government officials and management staff of various public institutions. Therefore, the robotisation and automation of services will gain in importance in the coming years, and many entities will be involved in their introduction and operation. This paper can also be useful for the economic and non-governmental sectors, whose recipients will be more aware of the opportunities and threats of service automation and robotisation. Contribution / Value Added: As a result of the analysis, the synthesis of the theoretical findings on the processes of automation and the robotisation of public services as well as certain consequences of these processes for further development of these public services were identified. They were then classified as opportunities or threats to the further automation and robotisation of public services, which may serve as a basis for the establishment of subsequent empirical studies. Article classification: theoretical/conceptual paper JEL classification: M0, O3, H4
EN
The article examines the essence of digital transformation and substantiates the growth rates of the global digital transformation market. The principles of successful realization of the potential of modern industrial enterprises in the near future are revealed. The impact of digital transformation on the labor market is characterized. The key trends of the digital transformation of the labor market for effective growth are highlighted. The main problems of the labor market in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war are highlighted. The directions of digital transformation of the modern labor market are revealed. New opportunities and threats related to the digital transformation of the labor market are analyzed. Prospects for the further development of the digital transformation of the labor market and the development of its infrastructure have been determined. Directions for using artificial intelligence are proposed.
EN
The agri-food sector carries great economic and social importance. It is a key sector for meeting demographic challenges, combating rural depopulation and achieving territorial balance, as well as for the balance of trade itself. Strengthening the agri-food sector is necessary in order to overcome crisis situations, and to improve not only the guarantee of food supply and food security, but also the climate and environmental objectives and the decarbonisation of the economy.
IT
Il settore agroalimentare riveste una grande importanza economica e sociale. Si tratta di un settore chiave per affrontare le sfide demografiche, combattere lo spopolamento rurale e raggiungere l’equilibrio territoriale, è importante anche per la bilancia commerciale. È necessario rafforzare il settore agroalimentare per superare le situazioni di crisi, migliorando non solo la garanzia dell’approvvigionamento alimentare e della sicurezza alimentare, ma anche l’attuazione degli obiettivi climatici e ambientali e la decarbonizzazione dell’economia
Teka Komisji Prawniczej
|
2023
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vol. 16
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issue 2
351-360
EN
The ongoing digital transformation that we are experiencing as humanity requires in-depth analysis at many levels of research. In the field of law and administrative procedure, the issue of automated administrative decision-making in individual cases is of particular importance. That is, the making and issuing of decisions in the process of applying the law. Against this background, a number of concerns and questions arise, not only of a legal nature, but also of a social nature, related to the perception of the human being in an intensely digitally changing reality. As can be surmised, never before in the development of administrative law has the consideration of ethical issues in the context of administrative procedure been so frequently addressed. One of the fundamental questions is whether this act of applying the law, hitherto performed by a human being, can be performed by a device/algorithm?
EN
The digital transformation (DT) has undoubtedly become one of the main challenges of modern organisations, including universities. The discussion is oriented towards the new learning tools, contexts, needs and skills needed on the institutional level, academic teachers and in connection to the demands of the labour market. This paper does not refer to potential ethical and safety risks but rather tries to understand how universities should approach those challenges from the perspective of their key missions, including education as a top priority. To do that, we use the example of the concept of the European University Initiative (EUI) case, as it has become one of the flagship programmes of the European Commission supporting the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and European Research Area (ERA). With the purpose to build inter-university campuses, joint degree programmes, support seamless mobility, strengthen socially relevant research, promote sustainability etc., they also have become the lighthouses of the green and digital transformations. In this paper we aim to start a discussion about what digital transformation means in the context of teaching and try to define the most urgent questions that will help to define the future university model responding to the dynamically changing learning context.
EN
Purpose – The development of ITC technologies, the emergence of novel digital business models, the growing imperative for cybersecurity assurance and the phenomenon of digital disruption caused by unexpected crises force companies to rethink and redefine their strategies. Nevertheless, empirical evidence is not fully consistent with the prevailing opinion among management practitioners that technology is a crucial factor in ensuring the digital transformation’s effectiveness. The article identifies the reasons for the limited level of readiness of contemporary organizations for digital transformation, highlighting the role of the organization’s soft components. Design/methodology/approach – Addressing the complexity of digitizing phenomena, the article presents the role of organizational culture, digital leadership and digital competencies in organizational transformation processes. Findings – By emphasizing the significance of an organization’s soft components in the context of digital transformation, we suggest that while technological advancement constitutes a crucial aspect of this process, it is not the mere implementation of technological solutions that is paramount to its efficacy. The crux of the matter lies in the transformation of soft management factors, encompassing the provision of digital leadership, the cultivation of digital competencies and the establishment of a digital organizational culture. Originality/value – While digital transformation ultimately necessitates action in the area of infrastructure, the advantages of transformation will only be fully realized once an adequate level of maturity has been attained in an organization’s soft components. Although some researchers propose that the initial step in the digital transformation process should be to establish a digital organizational culture and subsequently develop digital capabilities, we present an alternative approach. It suggests that the establishment of digital leadership should initiate the development of the required digital competencies, which, when combined with digital leadership, will force a transformation of the organizational culture.
EN
Purpose - The cognitive objective of  this study is to explain the concept of digital transformation and to identify issues related to it. As a consequence of this objective, the research aim was to examine how digital transformation is perceived by students in their final year of studies, who constitute a potential resource for many organizations. Two research theses were formulated and verified: T1: Digital transformation affects changes in business models and organization al management . T2: Digital transformation is focused on meeting customer expectations and on acquiring digital competences by employees.   Research method – This study is based  on a review of the subject literature and on empirical research  carried out using an original survey questionnaire. The argumentation focuses on the perception of digital transformation and its recognition at the individual and organizational level. Empirical data were obtained using an electronic survey. The analysis includes a descriptive presentation of the research results.   Results - The analyses confirmed the diversity of perceptions of digital transformation and its complex nature. It is reflected in the use of digital technologies that affect both employees and enterprises.   Originality /value / implications /recommendations - The research results may be useful for various organizations employing young professionals, especially those for whom digital transformation is part of their daily activities and has an impact on the results they achieve. In addition, recognizing the phenomenon of digital transformation may constitute the basis for further research and contribute to a deeper understanding of this phenomenon.
EN
Digital transformation is widely recognized to be a key issue in contemporary management studies. The area is attracting increasing attention because of both the general trend of the growing importance which digital technologies play in the present society, as well as the ways companies are using digital technologies to improve their competitive advantage. As a result, digital transformation is a subject of a growing number of papers, research, and managerial publications. The main aim of this work is to propose and validate a method to measure the phenomenon and its role in companies’ strategies, and to gather information on strategic directions for digital transformation in enterprises. This paper presents an overview of the literature discussion on digital transformation. A method to study directions of digital transformation in enterprises is demonstrated. It is based on the content analysis methodology and is used to study a choice-based sample of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The research carried out offers preliminary evidence supporting the conclusion that digital transformation is a phenomenon which can be measured with the content analysis framework. The findings also outline strategic directions for digital transformation and shed light on possible variables influencing the process.
EN
The main purpose of this paper is to present the level of new technologies implementation in the healthcare systems in US and Poland. New technologies play a crucial role in everyday life, including healthcare. Medical documentation and easy access to potentially life-changing or lifesaving information are extremely important for all the stakeholders in the healthcare system — its preparation, archiving and effective use in real time upon request may be supported by advanced systems. IT systems may improve security, medical services quality and efficiency of medical treatment, regardless of the type of healthcare system — private in the US and public in Poland. The results of surveys conducted by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the Polish Centrum Systemów Informacyjnych Ochrony Zdrowia [Center of Healthcare Information Systems] have been used in this paper.
EN
Digital transformation is widely recognized to be a key issue in contemporary management studies. The area is attracting increasing attention because of both the general trend of the growing importance which digital technologies play in the present society, as well as the ways companies are using digital technologies to improve their competitive advantage. As a result, digital transformation is a subject of a growing number of papers, research, and managerial publications. The main aim of this work is to propose and validate a method to measure the phenomenon and its role in companies’ strategies, and to gather information on strategic directions for digital transformation in enterprises. This paper presents an overview of the literature discussion on digital transformation. A method to study directions of digital transformation in enterprises is demonstrated. It is based on the content analysis methodology and is used to study a choice-based sample of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The research carried out offers preliminary evidence supporting the conclusion that digital transformation is a phenomenon which can be measured with the content analysis framework. The findings also outline strategic directions for digital transformation and shed light on possible variables influencing the process.
EN
Research background: In the digital era, digital transformation has become a strategic imperative for leadership agenda. Many firms have accelerated their pace in digital transformation to improve their performance and competitiveness. Despite increasing attention in the literature on the role of digital transformation in firms' operations, understanding the effect of digital transformation on corporate finance remains limited. This study focuses on cash holdings, which are essential for firms to survive and thrive. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to examine the critical role of digital transformation on the cash holdings of listed firms in China and provide micro evidence regarding the economic consequences of the digital economy from firm level. This study also aims to deepen our understanding of the influence of digital transformation on firms' operation and financial policy. Additionally, this paper attempts to provide relevant guidance for implementing policies to promote digital transformation and devise corresponding cash holding strategies. Methods: The text analysis method is used to measure the degree of digital transformation of China's A-share listed companies. The sample covers 19,337 observations from 2007-2020. A multiple regression model with firm and year fixed effect is developed to investigate the relationship between digital transformation and corporate cash holdings. In the robustness test, this paper substitutes the independent and dependent variables, and adopts instrumental variable estimation method. In the mechanism test, this paper uses the sub-sample regression method in the mechanism test. Findings & value added: This study reveals that digital transformation can significantly reduce corporate cash holdings by alleviating the precautionary motive, agency motive and transaction motive of cash holdings. Further analysis shows that the negative effect of digital transformation on cash holdings is more profound in high-tech firms and non-state-owned enterprises. The methodology applied in this paper can be used in other economic research of firms. This study provides insights into the effects of digital transformation on corporate financial policy. This provides a solution for reducing firms' cash holdings. This study also deepens the understanding of digital transformation from a corporate perspective.
EN
Research background: The rapid development of digital economy has set off a new wave of enterprise reform. Developing the digital economy is not only an urgent requirement of the current situation, but also an important way to meet the people's better life. Purpose of the article: This paper attempts to reveal the important role of the development of digital technology on the debt financing cost of micro enterprises, and provide micro evidence for the integration of digital economy and real economy. At the same time, this paper wants to provide relevant guidance for formulating digital related policies and reducing the financing cost of the real economy. Methods: Taking China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020 as a sample, this paper empirically tests the impact of enterprise digital transformation on debt financing cost and its mechanism. In the robustness test, this paper uses the measures of changing independent variables and dependent variables, instrumental variable method and quantile regression method. In the mechanism test, this paper uses the intermediary effect model. In the further study, this paper uses the method of group regression. Findings & value added: The study finds that the digital transformation of enterprises significantly reduces the cost of debt financing. Mechanism tests show that the role of enterprise digital transformation in reducing debt financing costs is mainly realized by reducing information asymmetry and alleviating agency problems. Further tests show that the relationship between enterprise digital transformation and debt financing cost is affected by the degree of market competition, whether it is a high-tech enterprise and audit quality. When the degree of market competition is high, the enterprise is a high-tech one, or it is audited by the four major international accounting firms, the effect of enterprise digital transformation on the reduction of debt financing cost is more significant. The method used in this paper is also applicable to the study of other economic management problems. This paper proves a positive significance of digital transformation, which is conducive to promoting the digital transformation of enterprises. Especially for those enterprises in non-high-tech industries, they should speed up the pace. At the same time, this paper has a certain guiding role for the introduction and implementation of policies to encourage digital transformation.
EN
This study aims to present changes that are taking place in the market of logistics services as a result of the development of digital technologies and show their influence on the business models of logistics service providers. In her research, the author applied Porter’s 5 forces model as a theoretical framework for the analysis in the area of innovation and technology in logistics. The study uses the deduction method. This is a conceptual paper based on the analysis of secondary materials, i.e., examples of innovative logistics solutions, reports of research agencies and consulting companies, and literature studies. The results of the analysis show that we are dealing with the digital transformation of the logistics service industry (not digital destruction). Technologies like sensors, robots, automation, cloud computing, data analysis, 3D printing, autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence, digital twins or blockchain technology supplement but not replace the real world of logistics by providing customers with higher logistics service value.
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EN
The article highlights the attempt to interpret the concept of digital logistics, which in most scientific papers is considered not as a separate concept, but as a set of technologies that allow digitalization of logistics. The main goal of the study is to review key technologies that allow us to talk about the digital transformation of logistics and its digitalization. In particular, the methods and advantages of using technologies such as the Internet of Things, RFID technology, wireless sensor networks (WSN), which are used in an integrated manner and make it possibleto track the movement of goods and apply smart management; digital duplicates that simulate real objects, in particular, warehouses in digital format; autopilot cars, drones, which minimize human participation in the processes of delivery and transportation; blockchain, Big Data, Data Lakes, artificial intelligence, which together allow to form arrays of information and make conclusions and forecasts based on them, which allow optimizing logistics processes; 3D printing, which makes it possible to replace the delivery of components with their production on-site as needed. Technology such as digital logistics platforms that can be used to optimize procurement and transportation of goods is singled out. Research methodology: analysis and synthesis for preliminary analysis with the formulation of problems, definition of goals, system approach for definition of structural connections between elements of digital technology of logistics.
EN
This article aims to analyze the “Robim Good” project – a digital platform for sharing urban knowledge and info about upcoming local campaigns. A vacuum among urban initiatives was established in Belarus because of the repressive policy of the authoritarian regime. As a result, around 965 non-profit organizations have been shut down. Nonetheless, there was a demand from activists to create a safe managerial organization that focused on urbanism. The “Robim Good” project became a solution. The research question is as follows: what is the value orientation of the analyzed digital platform that attracts new participants? The paper applies the value-based approach in NGO engagement. The analysis shows that one of the main promoted values and key characteristics of the digital ecosystem is security, which is directed at overcoming the dangers of the unpredictable regime. Subsequently, “Robim Good” has been able to engage volunteers and survive after a year of activity.
EN
The ability to perform an efficient digital transformation is one of the key capabilities which assures company competitiveness in turbulent times. The ongoing discussion on how to measure digital maturity was the inspiration behind the main aim of the research described in the article, i.e. to construct a digital maturity model called the Index of Digital Transformation (IDT). It is built on four pillars: Strategy, Financing, Technology and Organisation. The final assessment of the model is based on a survey of 205 executives, representing companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, who were asked to provide information on their companies' performance before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical methods were used to calculate and validate the IDT. A significant increase in digital maturity over this period was reported in all four pillars. Moreover, the research showed that both the type of the industry and the size of the company matter. B2C industries seem to have been under greater digitalisation pressure in the pandemic period. Larger companies (which belong to WIG20, WIG40 and WIG80) were more digitally mature than the rest, and those belonging to WIG40 demonstrated the highest increase in digital maturity in the analysed period. The IDT allows a better understanding of the dynamics of digital transformation in turbulent times and provides a framework for the measurement of digital maturity.
EN
Research background: SMEs' concern for the digital literacy of their workforce, their interest in increasing digital literacy among employees, and securing their digital platforms, have been major issues in their digital transformation process. To reduce those obstacles, the dynamic capabilities of SMEs included in the Resource-based View (RBV) might be an effective solution since they help companies be more competitive and proactive against the threats they face in the digitalization process. Purpose of the article: This research aims to investigate whether SMEs' dynamic capabilities positively contribute to their digital transformation process. Methods: In line with the proposed relationships, this paper analyzes SMEs from Czechia by running Ordinal Logistic Regression analyses. The research sample is created by stratified random sampling and purposive sampling methods. The research data is collected via telephone surveys. Findings & value added: This research does not find a positive relationship between the dynamic capabilities of SMEs and the digital transformation process. While the results related to digital literacy are negatively associated with digital transformation, no significant relationship exists between security actions and the digital transformation of SMEs. This paper extends the scope of RBV on the digital transformation of SMEs by analyzing various dynamic capabilities of SMEs that have not been included in a sole study. Moreover, the perceptions of SME executives are considered by this research to provide effective solutions for the problems they face in digital transformation. Having a joint venture agreement with well-experienced IT companies, having a network with partner firms, looking for funding opportunities in the EU, participating in some practical training, and providing internships for bachelor students might enable SMEs to hit their targets in digital transformation.
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