Search results

1

INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP: A DYNAMIC REPORT OF NIGERIA AND MEXICO IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PHILLIPS CURVE FROM 1991-2016

100%

Irewole O. E.

International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences

|

2019

|

vol. 10(2)

11-30

EN

This research study investigated the relationship between unemployment and inflation in Nigeria and Mexico from 1991-2016. Secondary data were used to gather data from the World Bank database, Central Bank of Nigeria and Bank of Mexico. In order to determine the set objective, OLS and simple regression analysis of the econometric model were used. The models specified inflation as function unemployment, money supply % GDP, total Gross Formation Products. Based on the above test carried out, the study finds out that: Inflation significantly has little impact on unemployment in Nigeria both in the long – run and short – run within the period under review. In Mexico, there is actually no significant relationship between unemployment and inflation because when inflation is high, unemployment in Mexico is also high. The study shows that investors have an inverse relationship with unemployment in Mexico. There is also an inverse relationship between inflation and GDP in Mexico and Nigeria. And in regard to the findings above the study recommends that the government should use discretionary policy that would reduce unemployment by boosting the level of investment and maintaining stability in the money sup-ply as it had a positive impact on Inflation in the long run. Friedman is of the view that the increase in government spending and the rate at which economy borrows, the higher the inflation. Inflation, Unemployment, Philips Curve, Nigeria and Mexic W badaniu tym zbadano związek między bezrobociem a inflacją w Nigerii i Meksyku w latach 1991–2016. Dane wtórne wykorzystano do zebrania danych z bazy danych Banku Światowego, Banku Centralnego Nigerii i Banku Meksyku. W celu określenia ustalonego celu zastosowano OLS i analizę regresji prostej modelu ekonometrycznego. Modele określały inflację jako bezrobocie funkcji, podaż pieniądza% PKB, całkowite produkty formacji brut-to. W oparciu o powyższy test przeprowadzony w badaniu okazuje się, że: Inflacja w niewielkim stopniu wpływa na bezrobocie w Nigerii zarówno w perspektywie długoterminowej, jak i krótkoterminowej w badanym okresie. W Meksyku nie ma istotnego związku między bezrobociem a inflacją, ponieważ gdy inflacja jest wysoka, bezrobocie w Meksyku jest również wysokie. Z badania wynika, że inwestycje mają odwrotny związek z bezrobociem w Meksyku. Istnieje również odwrotna zależność między inflacją a PKB w Meksyku i Nigerii. W odniesieniu do powyższych ustaleń badanie zaleca, aby rząd wykorzystał politykę uznaniową, która zmniejszyłaby bezrobocie, zwiększając poziom inwestycji i utrzymując stabilność podaży pieniądza, ponieważ wywarła ona pozytywny wpływ na inflację w perspektywie długoterminowej. Friedman jest zdania, że wzrost wydatków rządowych i tempo, w jakim gospodarka pożycza, tym wyższa inflacja. Inflacja, Bezrobocie, Philips Curve, Nigeria i Meksyk

2

Unemployment, poverty and economic growth in Nigeria

100%

Adelowokan O. A., Maku O. E., Babasanya A. O., Adesoye A. B.

Journal of Economics and Management

|

2019

|

vol. 35

5-17

EN

Aim/purpose – This study investigates the links between unemployment, poverty and economic growth in Nigeria between the periods, 1985-2015. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employed the Augment Dickey Fuller test for unit root test, Johansen cointegration for cointegration, Ganger causality for causality test and Error Correction Model to establish the short-run links between the variables. Findings – The unit root test result revealed that the variables trend with time indicating their failure of integration at level. However, they were found to be stationary at first difference. The causality result revealed that there is no causal relationship between unemployment, poverty and growth in Nigeria. Similarly, the cointegration results showed that there is no long-run relationship between unemployment, poverty and economic growth in Nigeria. The short-run parameter estimates indicated that unemployment has a negative and significant relationship with growth. However, the coefficient of the interaction between unemployment and poverty is positive and significant at the conventional level. Research implication/limitations – This study suggest that the output growth in the country will occur even if there are poor people as defined in absolute terms. The economy will still expand even if the number of poor people increases. This is also the case in the short run, revealing that the economy has grown even though over the years, the numbers of poor people have increased. Thus, there is a need for stable macroeconomic policies that would ensure equal distribution of income so that the poor also benefits from the country’s growth. Originality/value/contribution – This study empirically examines the contribution of output growth towards employment generation and poverty reduction using data sets from the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank.

3

Factors affecting stock return volatility in the banking sector in the euro zone

100%

Niewińska K.

Journal of Economics and Management

|

2020

|

vol. 39

132-148

EN

Aim/purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of internal and external historical determinants on the volatility of banks’ stock returns in the euro zone. A dedicated database has been created to identify factors significantly affecting volatility. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on information about banks listed on the stock exchanges of the euro zone economies. Quarterly data from the period of 2004-2015 along with static panel models were used as the research method. Findings – Results confirm that selected factors have a significant impact on the analysed variables: the ratio of long-term investments to assets, solvency ratio, price to book value, the unemployment rate, beta, as well as implied volatilities in S&P500 and EUROSTOXX50 indexes. Research implications/limitations – Results can be used to estimate future stock return volatility more accurately. The survey focuses solely on the banking sector, which is the biggest limitations of this research and the findings cannot be used to other sectors. Originality/value/contribution – Most volatility research serves the purpose of predicting future stock prices. Very few papers explain which factors in particular impact volatility.

4

Bezrobocie jako skutek przemian na rynku pracy

100%

Kamba-Kibatshi M.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2013

|

issue 36

293-316

PL

Bezrobocie pociąga za sobą bardzo wiele niekorzystnie wpływających na społeczeństwo róż-nych skutków. Skutki ekonomiczne w wielu publikacjach na temat bezrobocia zawsze wymienia-ne są jako pierwsze. W skali makroekonomicznej skutki te pociągają za sobą drenaż finansów publicznych na zasiłki i inne świadczenia socjalne dla osób dotkniętych bezrobociem. Zjawisko to, jak już wspomniano w opracowaniu, pociąga za sobą również zmniejszenie do-chodów budżetowych państwa, ze względu na brak płacenia przez bezrobotnych podatków dochodowych i składek ubezpieczeniowych. Praca jest w tym kontekście bardzo ważnym czynnikiem produkcji a masowe bezrobocie oznacza niepełne wykorzystanie tego, tak ważnego dla gospodarki czynnika. Ponadto, oczywistą rzeczą jest to, że bardzo często osoby, które nie mogą znaleźć zatrudnienia zmuszone są do emigracji zarobkowej lub zgubnej dla państwa pracy „na czarno”. Bezrobocie jest zjawiskiem nowym w polskim społeczeństwie, dlatego wzbudza ogromne kontrowersje. W Polsce zjawisko to pojawiło się dopiero w latach 90. XX wieku wraz z rozpoczę-ciem procesów transformacji ustrojowej. Zmiana ustroju spowodowała nie tylko zmiany politycz-ne, ale przede wszystkim gospodarcze i to nie tylko w tym kraju. Bezrobocie może mieć dla społeczeństwa również konsekwencje patologiczne. Przyczyny bezrobocia w rozwiniętych krajach zachodnich mają inną naturę. Ma ono swe źródło przede wszystkim w postępie technicznym, wprowadzaniu nowych technologii, które zastępują pracę ludzką podnosząc jednocześnie wydajność pracy, co przy wysokich płacach opłaca się przedsię-biorcom. Wcale nie jest łatwo znaleźć niedwuznaczną definicję bezrobocia, możliwą do zaakceptowa-nia zarówno przez badaczy, polityków, jak i osoby zajmujące się praktycznymi aspektami tego zjawiska i generowanymi przez nie skutkami. Przyczyną takiej sytuacji jest to, że zjawisko, z jakim mamy tu do czynienia, bywa określane jako złożone, wielowymiarowe, „wymykające się” poznaniu. Trudno wskazać na znaczenia bezpośrednio odnoszące się do całościowo ujmowanego zjawiska bezrobocia, jak również trzeba odwoływać się do ustaleń konwencjo¬nalnych.

EN

Unemployment involves a lot of very negative impact on society of different effects. The economic impact in a number of positions on unemployment are always mentioned first. The macroeconomic effects of these involve drainage of public finance benefits and other social benefits for people affected by unemployment. This phenomenon, as already mentioned in the study involves the reduction of the state budg-et revenues, due to the lack of payment of the income taxes and unemployment insurance premi-ums. Work is in this context, a very important factor of production and mass unemployment is under-utilization of such an important factor for the economy. In addition, the obvious thing is that very often people who can not find employment are forced to emigrate or fatal to your work 'black'. Unemployment is a new phenomenon in the Polish society because arouses great controver-sy. In Poland, this phenomenon has appeared only in the 90.tych twentieth century with the start of the transition process. Change of regime change resulted not only in political, but also economic and not just in this country. Unemployment can have on society, the consequences of pathological. The causes of unem-ployment in developed Western countries have a different nature. It has its source primarily in the technological implementation of new technologies that replace human work while increasing productivity, as the high wages it pays to entrepreneurs. It's not easy to find an unambiguous definition of unemployment is acceptable to both the re-searchers, politicians and those involved in the practical aspects of this phenomenon and the ef-fects generated by them. The reason for this is that the phenomenon with which we are dealing, sometimes referred to as a complex, multi-dimensional, "elude" cognition. It is difficult to point out the importance of directly relevant to the whole captured of unemployment, as well as the need to resort to conventional arrangements.

5

Job Differentiation vs. Unemployment

100%

Amine S.

Review of Economic Perspectives

|

2013

|

vol. 13

|

issue 1

30-42

EN

We use a matching model in which the horizontal job differentiation results from the rationale response of firms to the state of the labor market. We show that a decrease in the labor market tightness gives firms an incentive to raise the differentiation degree of jobs. Comparative statics suggests that an increase in unemployment benefits and in the minimum wage improves productivity of skilled workers by making jobs more differentiated, and leads to a raise in unemployment rate.

6

Youth Labour Flows and Unemployment in Great Recession: Comparing Spain and the Czech Republic

100%

Flek V., Mysíková M.

Review of Economic Perspectives

|

2015

|

vol. 15

|

issue 2

179-195

EN

Using Spain and the Czech Republic as examples of two EU countries with different labour market performance, we apply a gross flow analysis based on EU-SILC longitudinal data. We find that while in Spain the increases in youth unemployment are driven mostly by young people who lose their jobs, in the Czech Republic, this is mainly due to new labour market entrants who failed to find a job. The analysis of flow transition rates suggests that youth labour markets with enormously high unemployment rates have not failed in all relevant respects. Their development seems to be hindered predominantly by high risk of job losses and diminishing employment prospects of the unemployed, rather than by impeded transitions from inactivity to employment. In countries with lower youth unemployment rates, unemployment policy agenda appears to be challenged by quite the opposite tendency

7

Społeczny i narodowy charakter wskazań abpa Antoniego Nowowiejskiego dla duchowieństwapłockiego w kontekście problemów bezrobocia i emigracji po roku 1918

100%

Wesołowski D. T.

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

|

2013

|

vol. 33

115-126

EN

Unemployment and emigration were the most important and urgent concerns which beset Poland shortly after its rebirth in 1918. The Catholic Church took action in both of these fields, inspired by the teachings of Popes Leo XIII and Pius XI concerning the so-called “social issue.” These inspirations were aptly interpreted and practically implemented by Antoni Julian Nowowiejski, bishop of Płock, known today as a social activist and reformer. This text analyses the specific activities of the Płock clergy in the interwar period, which were supposed to counteract the negative social consequences of the issues mentioned above.

8

Relationships between unemployment and economic growth – the review (results) of the theoretical and empirical research

100%

Nagel K.

Journal of Economics and Management

|

2015

|

issue 20

64-79

EN

The article aims to discuss the relationship between economic growth and unemployment as well as related determinant factors based on literature review. The traditional approach presents this relationship through the prism of the effects of creation, capitalization, pool of savings and creative destruction. Nowadays, an increasing number of researchers attach more importance to the impact of institutional factors, such as minimum and efficiency wages or the flexibility of the labor market. Both theoretical and empirical research reveal both the evolution of the relevant views and the lack of consistency between the concepts explaining the relationship between economic growth and unemployment in different regions of the world and in different groups of countries.

9

An Alternative Human Development Index Considering Unemployment

88%

Taner M., Sezen B., Mıhcı H.

South East European Journal of Economics and Business

|

2011

|

vol. 6

|

issue 1

45-60

EN

The Human Development Index (HDI) has played an influential role in the debate on human development (HD) for many years. However, no index is perfect and neither is the HDI of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This paper aims to construct a new composite index for the development performance of a sample of 30 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries by adding a fourth indicator, namely the unemployment index, to the calculation of HDI. The addition of the unemployment factor to the HDI as a new indicator has the potential to make the index more comprehensive and present a suitable approach for assessing the development performance of countries.

10

The Nexus among Unemployment, Poverty and Crime in Contemporary Nigeria

88%

Ebobo Urowoli C., Akujobi Alero T.

Reality of Politics

|

2022

|

issue 19

132-148

EN

Unemployment and poverty have been the major causes of crime in developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. The main objective of this paper was to show the connections among unemployment, poverty and crime in Nigeria. It also examined unemployment and poverty rates in Nigeria. The research design adopted for this paper is cross-sectional and explanatory. The paper adopted conceptual framework to show the nexus among the concepts. It used secondary sources of data collection and data analysis was based on content analysis. The study revealed that there is a strong link between unemployment, poverty and crime in Nigeria. The relationship among the concepts is bi-directional. Unemployment has adverse effect on poverty and crime rate. So also poverty negatively affects unemployment and crime rates. Increase in crime rates leads to increase in unemployment and poverty. The paper therefore recommended amongst others that the rate of unemployment must reduce if poverty and crime must reduce. Also the rate of unemployment can be reduced through provision of jobs which will consequently reduce the rate of poverty and also make crime unattractive on the long run.

11

Unemployment as a threat to society – an analysis of the situation in Poland and selected countries of the European Union

88%

Łachacz T., Zagulski S.

Internal Security

|

2016

|

vol. 8(1)

265-282

EN

Unemployment is classified today as one of the main threats to society. The phenomenon affects the lives of individuals, the functioning of families and society and development of the state. It is often the source of other social problems such as poverty, violence, or social pathologies. The article presents the scale and nature of unemployment occurring after 1989 in Poland and in selected European Union countries, i.e. the Netherlands, Spain, Slovakia and Latvia. It attempts to show the characteristic trends of the phenomenon over a period of more than two decades. Examples from the European countries analysed show that the situation in the labour market and the approach to employment are radically different. Individual countries are characterised by very different unemployment rates, which reflect their different size, economic and demographic potential, or are associated with the tradition of employment. The existence of differences seems to be normal, but their scale may give rise to concern. A characteristic feature of unemployment in the period analysed is its regional diversity, both in Poland and in the whole of the European community. Important factors that determine the level of unemployment are age, sex, education and people’s qualifications. The effects of long-term unemployment are very painful for the whole of society. Such a situation can lead to, amongst others, poverty, societal antagonism, violence and migration. The latter is an issue that the whole of Europe is currently struggling with. The uncontrolled influx of immigrants, including those migrating for economic reasons, causes fear of losing their job among Europeans, which in turn translates into the radicalisation of society. A role of the state and the EU institutions is to create an effective mechanism for the protection and support of the unemployed. This is a prerequisite for Europeans to continue the project which is a common united Europe.

12

Koncepcja bezrobocia równowagi - odniesienie do gospodarki Polski

75%

Pasierbek E.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2014

|

vol. 196

54-63

EN

In the labour market theory, the natural rate of unemployment is associated with the unemployment level, for which the market for purchasing power maintains a state of equilibrium. Full employment has become a crucial issue in contemporary debate, whilst the unemployment is considered a social problem. The following article will introduce a model for calculating the natural rate of unemployment in Poland, as well as its comparison with the real observed rate of unemployment, or the unemployment computed according to the BAEL method in context of the NAIRU theory (Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment). The article presents the results of an unemployment estimation based upon the main macroeconomic indicators for the Polish economy.

13

Mierniki stosowane w analizie bezrobocia

75%

Gołata E.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

|

2003

|

issue nr 6

28-43

XX

Przedstawiono mierniki stosowane w analizie rynku pracy oraz sposoby klasyfikacji tych mierników z uwzględnieniem możności ich stosowania w analizie bezrobocia w ujęciu regionalnym i lokalnym.

14

Analiza bezrobocia w przekroju zawodowym

75%

Salamaga M.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

|

2008

|

issue nr 10

29-38

XX

Artykuł przedstawia analizę bezrobocia w przekroju grup zawodowych kobiet i mężczyzn dokonaną na podstawie wielowymiarowej analizy statystycznej. Przyjęto, że w badaniu bezrobocia ważne jest uwzględnienie łącznego czasu pozostawania bez pracy, jak i częstotliwości stawania się bezrobotnym w omawianym okresie (przynajmniej kilkunastu lat). W analizie wykorzystano następujące mierniki: liczbę zwolnień z pracy zakończonych statusem bezrobotnego w przeliczeniu na 10 lat, przeciętną liczbę lat pracy pomiędzy kolejnymi okresami bezrobocia, łączną liczbę miesięcy bez pracy w przeliczeniu na 10 lat oraz średnią liczbę miesięcy trwania jednego okresu bezrobocia (pomiędzy momentami utraty jednej pracy i znalezienia następnej), czyli wskaźnik „szybkości wychodzenia z bezrobocia”. W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykorzystano dane pochodzące z Polskiego Generalnego Sondażu Społecznego przeprowadzonego w latach 1992—2005 przez Instytut Studiów Społecznych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

In the article the unemployment analysis by sex and occupational groups made on the base of multidimensional statistical analysis is presented. There was assumed that in the unemployment survey it is important to consider the total time of being unemployed and also the frequency of becoming unemployed in the given period (at least a dozen years or so). In the analysis the following measures were used: the number of dismissed from work that resulted with unemployed status in terms of 10 years, the average number of years between following unemployment periods, the number of months without work in total in terms of 10 years and the average number of months of one unemployment period's duration (between the moments of losing one job and finding another one), that is the factor of "velocity of leaving unemployment". In the conducted surveys the data coming from Polish General Social Survey carried out by the Warsaw University Institute for Social Studies in years 1992—2005 were used.(original abstract)

15

Program Operacyjny Kapitał Ludzki 2007-2013 jako instrument kształtujący rynek pracy w województwie podlaskim

75%

Zalewska-Bochenko A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2013

|

vol. 160

209-214

EN

Human Capital Operational Programme 2007-2013 is an instrument to finance projects related to the "man" from kindergarten to retirement, so it is possible to influence the current and future labor market in Poland. The program allows you to spend funds from the European Union under the European Social Fund attributable to the financial perspective for 2007-2013 (with a possible extension of funding until 2015 under the n + 2). The Human Capital Operational Programme 2007-2013 will support actions in such fields as education, employment, social inclusion, the development of adaptability of workers and enterprises to changing socio-economic conditions, human resource development in rural areas, the construction of efficient and effective governments at all levels and partner countries, the promotion of attitudes among health workers and medical staff training. All these areas have a smaller or greater impact on the labor market. With the implementation of projects co-financed by European Union under the HCOP in Podlaskie the end of 2011 was more than eight thousand. new jobs, and several thousand people and several thousand businesses have benefited from support. So this is a very efficient instrument for shaping the labor market in the region of Podlasie.

16

Bezrobocie w pow. ostrowieckim na tle woj. świętokrzyskiego

75%

Kania A.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

|

2005

|

issue nr 2

47-55

XX

Bezrobocie może powodować zmiany w strukturze funkcjonalnej obszaru. Dotyczy to w szczególności tych obszarów, których cechą charakterystyczną jest dominacja jednego działu gospodarki. Przykładem może być pow. ostrowiecki w woj. świętokrzyskim. Jest on szczególnie narażony na bezrobocie ze względu na istniejącą tu dominację przemysłu hutniczego i metalurgicznego. Pow. ostrowiecki ma największe bezrobocie w regionie świętokrzyskim. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zmian stanu i struktur bezrobocia oraz jego skutków na obszarze o monofunkcyjnej strukturze zatrudnienia.

EN

The Ostrowiecki poviat is an area especially exposed to unemployment taking into consideration an existing mono-culture and strong collapse of industry production. Regions with the lowest level of employment are characteristic of the highest level of unemployment. Unemployment affected gminas: Bodzechów, WaŚniów and Baltów where a number of unemployed persons positively exceeded a number of persons employed out of agriculture. Growth of unemployment in the Ostrowiecki poviat in 1993-2007 is a result of increasing affluence of persons into unemployment and increasing a lifelong. (original abstract)

17

Przeciwdziałanie bezrobociu w warunkach narastającej nierównowagi sektora finansów publicznych - wybrane problemy

75%

Ostoj I.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2013

|

vol. 160

122-130

EN

The deterioration in the general government sector in the EU-countries implied the reduction of budgetary expenditures. According to the analysis of the pertinent data the countries were generally eager to spend money for lowering unemployment rates. This is why the restriction on the expenses from the Labor Fund in Poland in 2011 and 2012 comprised an extraordinary source of savings. Apart from its negative consequences such as depletion of the number of unemployed supported by the forms of active labour market policies, they triggered new pro-effective solutions in employment offices.

18

Badanie bezrobocia metodą grupowania struktury na przykładzie woj. lubelskiego

75%

Borowski P.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

|

2004

|

issue nr 2

47-59

XX

Celem artykułu jest analiza zmian struktury zarejestrowanych bezrobotnych w powiatach województwa lubelskiego w latach 1998-2001. Do klasyfikacji struktur z określeniem ich podobieństwa użyto metody taksonomii struktur opracowanej przez S. Chomątkowskiego i A. Sokołowskiego.

EN

The article presents survey results of unemployment phenomena in poviats of the Lubelskie voivodship by method of structures grouping. The applied method, elaborated by S. ChomŃtkowski and A. Sokolowski, gives a wider range of parameters than a generally used method of Ward, but proved necessary stability to be helpful for identification of grouping types, in profile of surveyed years. Especially, elaboration concerns structure of unemployed persons by age and education, within the range of years directly before and after new administrative breakdown reform of the State.(original abstract)

19

Zróżnicowanie sezonowości bezrobocia w dużych miastach w Polsce

75%

Rembeza J., Radlińska K.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2016

|

vol. 258

199-208

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie poziomu i tendencji zmian sezonowości bezrobotnych na wielkomiejskich rynkach pracy w Polsce. Podstawą analizy były dane dotyczące liczby zarejestrowanych bezrobotnych w miastach powyżej 300 000 mieszkańców za okres od stycznia 2002 do grudnia 2013 r. Sezonowe składniki bezrobocia wyodrębniono algorytmem Census X-12 ARIMA. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że sezonowość bezrobocia w dużych miastach w Polsce jest niska, najniższą sezonowością charakteryzowała się Warszawa, a najwyższą aglomeracja trójmiejska. W latach 2002-2013 we wszystkich miastach nastąpił wzrost sezonowości bezrobocia. Poszczególne miasta charakteryzowały się bardzo podobnym rozkładem wahań sezonowych bezrobocia w trakcie roku. Przeprowadzone analizy wskazują, że wrażliwość zmiany liczby sezonowych bezrobotnych na zmiany całkowitej liczby bezrobotnych była większa w okresie spadku liczby bezrobotnych w latach 2002-2008. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują także na procykliczny charakter sezonowości bezrobocia.

EN

The aim of this article was to determine the level and the tendency of the seasonal character of the unemployed in the urban labour markets in Poland. The analysis was based on the data concerning the number of the registered unemployed in cities with more than 300 000 inhabitants, between 2002 and 2013. Seasonal factors were distinguished by using Census X-12 ARIMA. The results indicate that the seasonal character of the unemployment in big Polish cities is low, the lowest one turned out to be for Warsaw, the highest for Tricity. The increase in the seasonal character of unemployment was noticed in all cities between 2002 -2013. These cities were characterized by a similar range of fluctuation concerning the seasonal character of unemployment during the year. The analysis indicates that the susceptibility of the change in the number of the seasonal unemployed to the change in the total number of the unemployed was higher in the period of the unemployment decline between 2002 and 2008. The results also prove the procyclical nature of the seasonal character of the unemployment.

20

PKB a rynek pracy w niektórych krajach Europy i Azji

75%

Tokarski T.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

|

2006

|

issue nr 4

55-77

XX

Opracowanie jest próbą analizy wpływu stóp wzrostu PKB na stopy wzrostu liczby pracujących i stopy bezrobocia w krajach Europy i WNP w latach 1989—2004. Analizowanymi państwami są kraje UE oraz Islandia, Izrael, Norwegia, Szwajcaria, Albania, Bośnia i Hercegowina, Chorwacja, Macedonia, Serbia i Czarnogóra, Turcja, a także Armenia, Azerbejdżan, Białoruś, Gruzja, Kazachstan, Kirgistan, Mołdawia, Rosja, Tadżykistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraina i Uzbekistan. Dane statystyczne, na których oparte są analizy opisowe i statystyczne pochodzą z Economic Survey of Europe nr 2/2005.

EN

The elaboration is a trial to analyse an impact on growth rates of GDP on growth rates of employed persons and rate of unemployment in the countries of Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States in years 1989—2004. The author analysed the countries of the European Union and Iceland, Israel, Norway, Switzerland, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Description and statistical analyses were conducted on the basis of statistical data from Economic Survey of Europe No 2/2005.

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INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP: A DYNAMIC REPORT OF NIGERIA AND MEXICO IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PHILLIPS CURVE FROM 1991-2016

Unemployment, poverty and economic growth in Nigeria