This article is devoted to the review of scientific researches of the Ukrainian and Polish Slavists for the last 20 years in the field of confrontative studies of the language facts from a minimum of two compared languages. A focus is brought to questions of the most current and prospective studies from the point of view of small light exposure and breadth of their distribution, including translation studies.
The article reveals one of the aspects of formation of the terminological system of the grammar of estimation. The term tonality is characterized, and variants of its interpretation in the researched direction are described. The modelling of estimative tonality is illustrated on the example of using verb forms (imperative, indicative, infinitive) with imperative meaning; the expression of estimative meanings is argued through the interaction of semantics of categoricalness, rudeness, alienation and negative estimation.
In the article on the material of new Ukrainian lexicon factors of occurrence and the tendencies of fixation in language of innovations of different types are considered: new derivative words, loans, meanings of already known words (neosemantyzms). The special attention is given to the interaction of own and borrowed resources of nomination, in particular, word-formative, to the parity of tendencies of internationalisation and nationalisation of modern Ukrainian language. Dynamic processes in lexical and word-formative standards of the Ukrainian language, semantic-pragmatic and functional-stylistic differentiation of innovations are analysed. The phenomena typical for development of modern Slavonic languages and caused by national specificity of the Ukrainian language and the political situation in new independent Ukraine are shown.
In a majority of the investigated names there is noticeable distinct motivation with distinct word building structure and equivalents in the Slavic languages. There are names of the human organs, parts of a body or, possibly, the names of illnesses are based on plant names. It depends on which illness was cured by these plants in a natural healing.
The article presents an outline of the history of computer science as well as the present state of computer technologies in Ukraine. The author has quoted the opinions of Ukrainian users of computers about Microsoft Vista system and its translation into the Ukrainian language. In the second part of the article, the focus is put on presenting the results of the analysis of nearly 1200 lexical items excerpted from the first four chapters of MS Word help files, including, among others, the issue of their origin.
In the modern Ukrainian language, the word halepa (халепа) belongs to the active vocabulary but its etymology remains unknown. The most common version of the origin of the word halepa is from the Greek χᾰλεπός. The purpose of this article is to try to suggest an alternative etymology based on the linguistic and ethno-cultural data from the Balkan Slavs. As a starting point, we take the outdated meaning of the word halepa — ‘bad weather’ — and project it onto its South Slavic demonological character, (h)ala.
The presented research summarizes the previous phraseological lexicographic works. It provides an overview of Ukrainian phraseology, its most important lexicographical works, including those published in Slovakia and dealing with the investigated issue. It points to the beginnings of writing phraseological units in paremiological collections and their compilers. It pays attention to numerous phraseological explanatory and translation dictionaries at the end of the 20th century.
“Surzhyk” is a language mixture of Ukrainian and Russian. It is a result of Russian infl uences on Ukrainian society. The base of this slang is Ukrainian, but there is a lot of Russian vocabulary. Ukrainian writers use this sub-standard language to characterize a person in a novel. One of examples of that use we find in a novel of Oleksandr Irvanets Rivne/Rovno. Action of the novel takes place in a city divided in two parts with a big wall. It is an allegory of contemporary Ukraine. In the west side people speak normative Ukrainian, but in the east side they speak “surzhyk”. In Polish there is no adequate style or slang. Polish translator Natalia Bryżko-Zapor had to deal with this problem. She had to use Russian words, but not too much, in other case Polish readers wouldn’t understand the text. The translator used some Polish incorrect constructions to show substandard character of the “surzhyk”. In the article there are examples of phrases that she translated.
The article deals with the situation and with one of the problems in the Ukrainian minority educational system in Slovakia in the 50th of the 20th century. It focuses mainly on the issue of language in the Ukrainian national schools in northeasters Slovakia after the implementation of the administrative reform in 1952. A special attention is given to the reason of reducing number of the Ukrainian schools.
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