Search results - CEJSH

1

The effect of transparency on a three-cycle model of manipulative discourse

100%

Saeed Almaroof R. A.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

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2017

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vol. 16

EN

It is assumed that manipulative discourse can carry various types of messages on the continuum of sincerity, such as: truth, persuasion (argumentation), deception and manipulation. These different intended meanings can cause variations within the ‘transparency factor’. The transparency factor is controlled by specific social and pragmatic factors. Generally speaking, manipulative discourse is far away from transparency because it entails the use of implicit strategies and processes to achieve a final goal. The highly transparent type of discourse is the testimony where the speaker’s intention is to present truth that is supported by explicit strategies and processes. Within this continuum, there is the persuasion where the speaker’s intention is to convince the addressee without exerting any power upon the receiver. Other types, such as coercion and deception, may show a lower degree of transparency because they are used to mislead the hearer with or without the use of the social effect such as ‘power’. Accordingly, a theoretical framework which treats manipulation as a three-cycle of the meaning-making process is proposed. It is assumed that this model helps in classifying manipulative texts into different types based on the transparency factors. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical framework that can be adopted by researchers to analyze types of discourse in terms of transparency taking into consideration the speaker, the text itself and the hearer. All these factors in the three-cycle model help in shaping the degree of transparency that a text may show.

2

Traumatyczna tęsknota za przeszłością (na materiale prozy Olgi Bergholc)

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Pawletko B.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2019

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vol. 44

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issue 1

41-52

PL

The article attempts to analyze the role of the Siege of Leningrad in life and works of Olga Bergholz. It is traumatic in the personal plan but at the same time extremely successful, intense and creative period. Thanks to radio broadcasts, Bergholz becomes the voice of the besieged Leningrad, raising the civilians of the city on the Neva, but work in the radio station is also a form of autotherapy. The importance of the siege in the poet’s life is also evident in the postwar period when it comes to claiming the memory of the victims.

3

Między doświadczeniem a wydarzeniem. O zobowiązaniach świadka

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Ciarkowska A.

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2019

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vol. 62

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issue 1 (129)

55-66

EN

The aim of this article is to outline the definition of literary testimony and to define the position of the witness as an obliged writer. A basic definition reveals testimonial literature as a set of texts, ontologically uncertain, full of tensions and aporias. These tensions between testimony and document, testimony and autobiography, and also relations truth-fiction, individual-collective, experience-event delimit the area of literary testimony. In this complicated structer the witness, charged, limited by the obligation with is double. This is the obligation to take an action — bear witness and the obligation towards the Other.

4

Świadectwo artystyczne – przypadek Ottona Dov Kulki

100%

Bojarska K.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

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2018

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vol. 72

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issue 4(323)

50-59

PL

Autorka przedstawia cechy świadectwa artystycznego i literackości rozumianej jako wehikuł świadectwa historycznego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów poznawczych i afektywnych. W kolejnej części tekstu proponuje szczegółowe studium przypadku, jakim jest książka „literacka” historyka Zagłady i antysemityzmu Otto Dov Kulki, a następnie wskazując na pewne cechy analizowanego przypadku proponuje alternatywną formułę świadectwa artystycznego i świadka jako twórcy.

EN

A presentation of the features of artistic testimony and literal quality conceived as a vehicle of historical testimony, with particular attention paid to its cognitive and affective aspects. The successive part of the text proposes a detailed study of a single case - the “literary” book by Otto Dove Kulka, an historian of the Holocaust and anti-Semitism. K. Bojarska went on to indicate certain features of the analysed case and proposed an alternative formula of artistic testimony and of the witness as creator.

5

(In)visibles persévérances de l’absence. Les enjeux de la mise en forme dans Les Années d'Annie Ernaux

89%

Rachwalska von Rejchwald J.

Quêtes littéraires

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2011

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issue 1

122-136

EN

A dialectic between presence and absence, remembrance and oblivion, testimony and silence, body and its trace reflects the gist of the most recent Ernaux’es book. It constitutes not only plenteaus thematic confluence but also or even majorly an axis of the book’s construction. Its structure encompasses various layers such as: rhetorical, stylistic and typographic, which separately and together combined reside in prevailing tensioned coexistence of presence and absence.

6

Représentations de l’absence et du manque : de La Dispersion au Livre brisé de Serge Doubrovsky

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Levy N.

Quêtes littéraires

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2011

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issue 1

111-121

EN

Author and academic, Serge Doubrovsky is an important figure in contemporary French literature. His numerous publications foretell the emergence of a new literary concept, positioning him in the domain of post-modernism with the emergence of auto-fiction. From The Dispersion to The Broken Book, the auto-fiction unfolds in a jerky narrative while the genesis of the work revolves around a profound sense of lack and absence that the writer tries to fill through his writing. The experience of World War II left a life long indelible mark on the writer’s own identity and brings forth the creation of this hybrid autobiography that aims at tearing down ge-neric and literary boundaries. Letters and words are used to confront what is missing in his life in a transgressing style that describes the violence of this experience. In this way, Doubrovsky leaves a trace of his existence, transforming his life into a novel – a work of fiction – and by giving space to imagination when telling his own story.

7

La réception du témoignage à l’épreuve du silence. L’aîné des orphelins de Tierno Monénembo

88%

Giguère C.

Quêtes littéraires

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2017

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issue 7

192-200

EN

From the perspective of the reader-response criticism, this article underlines the ethical and esthetical tension between the duty of memory and the unspeakable in the context of the project « Rwanda : écrire par devoir de mémoire » and specificly in the novel L’aîné des orphelins by Tierno Monénembo. Although the « horizon » of expectations typical to the commitment toward the duty of memory is reinforced by the peritext (Genette, 1987), Monembo’s novel challenges the reader’s expectations by silencing and delaying the personnal story of young narrator-survivor Faustin.This stepback from direct violence allows the novel to focus on structual forms of violence (Galtung 2010) and urges the public to question his responsability in the testimonial reception.

8

What We Learn From Comparison: Some Epistemological Remarks

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Jurgenson L.

Konteksty Kultury

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2024

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vol. 21

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issue 2

107-122

EN

This article deals with the comparisons between testimonies and theoretical works on Nazi and Soviet camps carried on within literary studies. Going beyond the debates about potentially antagonistic memories of those two regimes, the comparison contributes to decompartmentalizing research, infusing it with new dynamics and methods as well as the adoption of a renewed approach to the construction of knowledge. Indeed, by conducting textual comparisons rather than basing their research on the study of facts, the researchers in the field of literary studies were able to question narrative strategies and the positions of certain works within their host cultures. Debates on the generic aspects of literary testimonies have thus helped shift the focus from the specificity of the experiences they described to their status and form. The article then compares the two bodies of texts from the point of view of their possible use as historical sources, and analyzes a few examples of narrative strategies.

9

Niezdolność świadków do spostrzegania lub komunikowania spostrzeżeń w postępowaniu administracyjnym i w postępowaniu podatkowym

88%

Paduch A.

Forum Prawnicze

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2018

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issue 2 (46)

78–95

EN

The study discusses main issues arising from the regulation of witnesses’ incapa- bility of perception and communication of observations under Polish administra- tive and tax proceedings. The proper collecting of evidences is the core matter of administrative and tax proceedings. In cases where hearing witnesses is necessary, identifying a group of persons capable of testifying is a key element in order to guarantee proper factual findings. Polish procedural law, administrative and tax law in detail, defines this circle by establishing groups of people who are inca- pable of testifying. The key group of persons incapable of testifying consists of those who are unable to perceive or communicate their own observations. That wording, used in the regulation of the Polish Code of Administrative Proceedings and Tax Ordinance, is inexact. In order to specify the group covered by the scope of this provision it is necessary to use not only textual, but also substantive interpre- tation. It is important to highlight that an interpretation of Polish administrative and tax proceedings in the area of capability to testify includes international treaties and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN Convention of Rights of Persons With Disabilities, and the UN Convention of Rights of The Child. The interpretation should also include science and medicine results.

10

Naturellement: Speech Variants of Holocaust Bystanders in Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah

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Sendyka R., Skucińska A.

Przekładaniec. Półrocznik Katedry UNESCO do Badań nad Przekładem i Komunikacja Miedzykulturowa UJ

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2019

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issue Special Issue 2019 – Translation and Memory

7-25

EN

The article discusses the testimonies of bystanders as presented to the public in Claude Lanzmann’s documentary Shoah. It proposes to apply norms and practices developed within Holocaust studies to the analysis of the victims’ testimonies in the emerging field of bystander studies. The Polish bystanders’ utterances in the documentary were edited and simplified through the process of interpretation and re-translation; this inaccurate rendition has been used in Holocaust debates and the lack of sensibility to this aspect of communication in Lanzmann’s film may result in skewed interpretation of the bystanders’ engagement in the scene of violence. The analysis proves that without renewed scrutiny to the bystanders’ speech Holocaust research may lose some important insights. Signs of violence impact, traces of traumatization or brutalization, specificity of cognitive and affective response may be overlooked. The paper calls for an universalizing epistemic approach to all types of the speech emerging from the Holocaust, beyond the (debatable) divisions of its social fabric into victims, perpetrators and bystanders.

11

Testimony as Political Argument

88%

SZALAY M.

Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education

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2016

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issue 5

72-92

EN

On the one hand, when compared with the ‘original meaning’ of politics in the Classical or Christian thought, contemporary liberal democracies in general understand politics in a reduced sense. On the other hand, however, democratic debates constantly allow for opening new horizons of interpreting politics. One way to radically renew politics is accepting authentic testimonies as political arguments. To illustrate this point, I offer the reflective analysis of a concrete case concerning the hotly debated topic of migrants in Europe: a Benedictine monastery receives and hosts illegal migrants in Hungary. This example deserves our interest for – when not tendentiously misinterpreted – it can neither be classified as an argument of the conservative approach to migrants nor does it support the liberal reading of the events. It implies, at the same time, a positive and a negative critique to both approaches by simply going beyond the usual political categories. In order to see how testimony works as a political argument I undertake three steps: 1) Instead of defining testimony, I show through a phenomenological analysis three characteristics of the given example that are both, essential and relevant for political discourse: a) the essentially indeterminate meaning of testimony; b) self-exposure and self-sacrifice; c) the particular political message of authentic testimony. In the next step, I offer a brief analysis of contemporary political discourse to highlight those aspects concerning which authentic testimonies may transform the meaning of politics: a) mediatization; b) lack of authenticity and credibility; c) technical scientific language; d) impersonal approach to political issues. As a third step, I unite these two analysis by asking what counts as a political argument in general and whether and how testimonies can function as political arguments. In my conclusion, I distinguish two types of politics according to their attitude towards testimony: one that is open to authentic testimonies and one that rejects them. By showing some fatal consequences of the latter option I argue for recovering some of politics’ original meaning.

12

Усні сповіді біженців від російсько-української війни як фольклорний та історичний матеріал

88%

Vakhnina L.

Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie

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2023

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vol. 10

182-189

EN

The article is devoted to new research on the cultural adaptation processes of Ukrainian refugees in Poland using their questionnaires and records of oral testimonies about their experiences. Human confessions have become valuable material for folklorists, ethnologists, and historians, so their documentation as archival sources is important. The studies use a comparative method of analysing the collected texts. Attention will be paid to using human confessions as source material reflecting the Ukrainian mentality, folk traditions, and national identity. A joint Ukrainian-Polish project will be presented between the Rylsky Institute of Modern and International Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

13

Postmodernistyczne wymazywanie Zagłady (Raymond Federman, Georges Perec, Anatol Ulman)

76%

Tomczok M.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2017

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issue 12

299-315

EN

The article presents three strategies elaborated in the seventies of the last century by the postmodern prose, in order to tell us about the genocide. To name these strategies, the authoress makes use of the terms of blurring, patch, and “sous rapture”, which serve discussing Double or Nothing by Raymond Federman, W, or the Memory of the Childhood by Georges Perec, and Cigi de Montbazon by Anatol Ulman. The essential part in the discussion on the genocide is the reception of the above mentioned novels reconstructed among others on the base of works by Susan Rubin Suleiman along with her conception of the “1.5 generation”. The article also aims at a presentation of the interference between Cigi de Montbazon and European postmodernism exposed in Brian McHaleʼs idea of “worlds under erasure”. It is worth adding that the indicated presentation has not been yet considered.

14

Baptism in the Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles

76%

Tarocchi S.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

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2018

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issue 32

29-45

PL

The baptism of Jesus and John, presented in the synoptic Gospels, shows it as an event full of the dynamics of the Spirit. It takes place according to the assumptions of each Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles. In the Gospel of Mark Jesus shares with humanity the same nature that has been subjected to sin. Baptism becomes the beginning of a new saving economy in which it is necessary to bear witness. The essential element of this testimony is the cross which all His disciples have to share with the Lord. The community on the one hand then needs baptism as a way to go out, and on the other, it is strengthened by the gift of the Spirit that leads to the testimony.

15

Biografie polsko-żydowskie i żydowsko-polskie: rekonesans ponawiany

76%

Czyżak A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2013

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issue 22

157-172

EN

The article contains reflections on changes in biographical writing, especially biography of persons of heterogenous ethnic identity. The biographies are not only reconstructions of an individual’s life, but also a clear testimony and reflection of changes in collective consciousness. It turns out that biographies also discover, in a peculiar way, the author’s identity, who, in the process of selection and creation of a biographical text, reveals a part of their own history. This aspect is clearly seen in texts by second and third generation Holocaust survivors, and is demonstrated by interpretations of Magdalena Tulli’s Włoskie szpilki [Italian High Heels] and Piotr Paziński’s Pensjonat [Boarding house].

16

Lingua Tertii Imperii und Autobiographie: Victor Klemperers Tagebücher der NS-Zeit als Epitext

75%

Sepp A.

Germanica Wratislaviensia

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2015

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vol. 140

107 - 122

EN

This article focuses on the Third Reich diaries of the German-Jewish professor of French literature Victor Klemperer. As an epitext (cf. Genette 1992), the diaries show the different production stages of his language-critical study LTI and a commentary of his autobiography Curriculum Vitae. Gérard Genette (1992: 369) understands the diary in general as a “private epitext”, a hermeneutical comment that may offer insightful information and interpretations of the professional – literary or academic – activities of the author. Klemperer’s diaristic epitext is intimately connected to his other writing practices. This contribution shows how the context of the Holocaust directly changes Klemperer’s views on his own life in Curriculum Vitae as well as on his scientific discipline in LTI. The diary represents a preliminary stage of both works and comments on them.

17

Dziecko zeznaje – różne kraje, różne ujęcia

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Bachera E., Chmielewska H.

Studia Prawnicze KUL

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2016

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issue 1

143-159

EN

All countries need to ensure that their laws are regulated in a way that promotes the interests of the child, because the welfare of the child must always take priority. There is no doubts that being a witness can be stressful – some children can find it stressful. The aim of this article is to present the regulations in different countries: Poland, Japan, Malaysia, RSA, Kenya, New Zealand, Jamaica, Tuvalu, United States of America. What is important, legislators should look at this issue in a sensitive and proper manner.

PL

Z dozą przekonania należy wskazać, iż dobro dziecko powinno być priorytetem we wszystkich ustawodawstwach. Z tego względu wszystkie państwa świata powinny zapewnić, by ich ustawodawstwo było skonstruowane w sposób, który chroni bezbronne podmioty ochrony, czyli dzieci. Stres u dziecka może być spowodowany wieloma czynnikami. Do jednych z nich zaliczyć można sytuację, w której dziecko jest świadkiem w sądzie. Niektóre dzieci dobrze sobie radzą z tą nową sytuacją, niektóre z kolei mogą odczuwać dyskomfort. Dlatego kwestia ochrony dziecka (w skład której wchodzą różne aspekty), powinna być priorytetem. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie regulacji dotyczących tych kwestii w wybranych państwach z poszczególnych kontynentów. Artykuł prezentuje ustawodawstwo takich krajów, jak: Polska, Japonia, Malezja, RPA, Kenia, Nowa Zelandia, Jamajka, Tuvalu, Stany Zjednoczone, w zakresie problematyki dotyczącej zeznań dziecka. Bez wątpienia stwierdzić należy, iż w ustawodawstwie poszczególnych krajów odnaleźć można zarówno wiele punktów zbieżnych, jak i różnic.

18

Reclaiming a Dwelling Place: How a German History Learning Community Handles Traumatic Memories of Shoah Witnesses

75%

Morgan K. E.

Forum Pedagogiczne

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 1

225-243

PL

This paper describes the results of an empirical study in which the objective was to find out how traumatic narratives by Shoah survivors are handled in a classroom setting. The study was conducted using an ethnographic approach by means of which a history lesson sequence was observed and analysed. The teaching medium of the lesson was a digitised presentation of memories by Shoah survivors. The description of the lesson establishes how teachers and students negotiate the difficult terrain of an emotional engagement with the testimonies. The findings are discussed by elaborating on the meaning of traumatic memories for the witnesses, and in turn by asking what it means to listen to the telling of such memories. Conclusions are drawn about the overall meaning of (history) education.

19

Translation as Testimony: The Politics of Cultural Representation in Daoud Hari’sThe Translatorand Laura Esquivel’sMalinche

75%

Farid S.

International Journal on Language, Literature and Culture in Education

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2016

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vol. 3

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issue 2

91-109

EN

When the Nahua woman known as La Malinche became the interpreter of Hernán Cortés, the conqueror of Mexico, she was not only carving her name as one of history’s most influential translators, but was also rendered one of the most enduring symbols of the cultural intricacies of translation. Malinche’s knowledge of both Spanish and Nahuatl and the way it made her instrumental in the conquerors’ success took her role from the level of linguistic mediator to that of an active agent in cultural transformation, or rather cultural erosion. Having used her linguistic abilities to help the invaders against her people, Malinche has since the conquest been labeled a traitor. Becoming Cortés’s mistress served to further confirm this idea. Yet, being arguably the bearer of the first “mestizo,” Malinche came to be perceived as the mother of the Mexican people and the progenitor of the new race. In both cases, La Malinche has till this moment been emblematic of the complexities of cultural representation. Laura Esquivel’s novel Malinche (2007) explores the heroine’s position at the crossroads between two cultures where the demarcations between the target and source languages are blurred as her allegiance is put into question. The act of translation is rendered ambivalent with the translator, being a slave to the Spaniards, lacking the free will for such a vocation, thus unable to choose sides or determine who she represents. She, however, could have played a major role in preserving the memory of her pre-Colombian world just before its eradication. Daoud Hari’s The Translator: A Tribesman’s Memory of Darfur (2008) offers a different perspective of the role of the translator. Hari, who belongs to the Zaghawa tribe in Western Sudan, acts as a mediator between his people, who are being subjected to systematic genocide by the government-backed Janjaweed militia, and the outside world. Through making the conscious decision to go back to Darfur, Hari turns his knowledge of English into the tool through which he can make the voice of his people heard, hence choosing to be their representative and taking upon himself the task of documenting their trauma. This paper tackles the nature of translation through comparing the role of the translators in both works and exploring the different levels of representation associated with the process of translation. This will be done through examining the loyalty-treason paradigm and how far it affects, positively and/or negatively, the role of the translator as the bearer of his/her people’s memory. The paper will, therefore, deal with the relation between translation and testimony and will investigate how far translation can, in this sense, complement storytelling as a means of chronicling and resistance.

20

Choroba psychiczna a świadek w procesie karnym (wybrane problemy na styku prawa i medycyny)

75%

Jagiełło D.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2020

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vol. 55

51-62

EN

The content of the article aims to outline the basic problems that can be seen at the intersection of law and medicine, and relating to people with mental illness. In criminal proceedings there are a number of witnesses, including those affected by illness. It should not be forgotten that they are the same witnesses as those who do not manifest such conditions, but special care should be taken towards them mainly in terms of the credibility of the testimonies given, as well as their current psychophysical condition. The testimony of mentally ill witnesses cannot be fully overlooked, but every situation should always be analyzed in concreto. Extreme caution and insight must be exercised when considering the suitability of such evidence by a trial body, while respecting it within the limits of the free assessment of evidence.

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