The paper looks at various aspects of the so-called Latin-English analogy and particularly at the ways in which English may share the fate of Latin in ultimately becoming a victim of its own success. A critical factor in the history of Latin was a conceptual split between its native and non-native varieties, which eventually proved instrumental in establishing its reputation as a dead language. The author wishes to argue that current proposals for a codification of English as a Lingua Franca, aimed at providing vast numbers of L2 learners with a pedagogical alternative that does not emulate L1 standards, may be regarded as major steps towards making English a new Latin: creating a similar split between native versus foreigners' English.
In the face of technological advances and, as a result, the increasing threat of the loss of growing amount of data collected by financial institutions, it seems necessary to employ effective security measures in the process of information management. The necessity to implement information security management systems (ISMS) by all institutions processing personal data is reflected in national legislation. The requirements resulting from contemporary hazards and legal provisions are concurrent with the requirements of the international standard ISO/IEC 27001, concerning the designing of the information security management system. This standard is most widely used by IT companies, however, the financial sector that collects and a processes huge amount of personal data, constitutes its significant recipient. Most of the companies certified by this standard come from the Eastern Asia and Pacific region, dominated by Japan, and from Europe, where the United Kingdom is the leader. In Poland the use of ISO/IEC 27001 is growing, yet the financial institutions that fulfill its requirements are still in a minority. It seems that from May 2018 on, national regulations imposing greater responsibility for the security of personal data on the institutions processing it, will bring the above-mentioned standard into focus.
The article presents conclusions drawn from the analysis of regulations concerning the issue of the content of business valuation engagement letter. The analysis covered regulations appearing in eight business valuation standards used in Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Canada and the USA. Author also took into consideration two international standards. The first part of the article reviews business valuation standards valid in selected countries. The second part presents regulations valid while signing a contract for business valuation, included in analyzed standards. The final part of the article compares identified regulations, focusing on information that should be included in business valuation engagement letter.
This article examines the cross-national application of American MMPI- A´s norms and examines their applicability to the Slovak adolescent population. The authors of MMPI perceive American norms as intercultural applicable. This assumption was verified by comparing the scores of American and Slovak population on the validity indicators, clinical, content and supplementary scales. The results showed significant differences between scores of the Slovak adolescents and the American norms and consequently a need for developing new norms applicable to this new population.
The article presents an overview of changes in law concerning management assessment in Poland, as it pertains to public financial institutions in accordance to the implementation of relevant European Union treaties. The subject of examination is the amendment of Public Finances Act from the year 2001. Partial evaluation will be performed on the application of a bill dated from 2009. According to the author, this is mistake, as the original American bill (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) that inspired the European legislation, only requires the management of private firms to file such declarations. Meanwhile Poland decided to have the law apply to public sector as well. The article attempts to evaluate the last 15 years of the currently functioning legal system. Studies have shown that the current supervision system of management assessment is ineffective, ineffectual and largely useless forcing the employees to needlessly rely on risk analysis and resort to costly control mechanisms and procedures.
The thirteenth-century form veðrviti represents a folk etymology with a recast signification. Despite the misnomer of the literate period, the veðrviti of early Norse letters was not a ship’s weathervane atop the mast but a stem-mounted metal marker of the worth and thus identity of the most prominent man on board. This eminence was also expressed in ship and crew size, and outfitting, and opulent ornamentation of highly visible, richly symbolic, more than functionally essential ship’s parts and gear. The principal evidence for this lexical evolution is drawn from the sagas of Norwegian kings.
The article describes outcomes of the survey carried out on a group of Polish hospitals accredited by the National Centre for Quality Assessment in Health Care. The aim of the survey was to identify the groups of standards and individual standards that were difficult to implement, standards that weren’t implemented and the causes of problems with implementation. Hospitals have problems with implementation of standards in a field of information management, hospital infection monitoring, anesthesiology and assessment of patient condition. The standards that weren’t implement belong to groups called information management, anesthesiology and patient rights. The main reason of the problems was that the medical staff don’t accept changes in hospital operation appearing during the implementation of Hospital Accreditation Program.
The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne 56 (2008), issue 2. This article is an attempt at systematizing the body of inscriptions that accompanied the heraldic and iconographic inscriptions on Polish military flags and standards in the course of past centuries. It presents the suggestion of dividing them into four groups. The first comprises property inscriptions, giving information about who the flag belonged to, who its owner was or who used it. In the second group are inscriptions called ‘funding’ ones; they contain data referring to the funders or makers of those objects. Commemorative inscriptions were included in group three; they commemorated important events connected with the history of the unit or with its tradition. The fourth group consists of inscriptions in the form of sentences, mottos or apostrophes, usually having a lofty and solemn character. In practice, inscriptions belonging to different groups often appear side by side on the same flag. Usually they contain important information and ideological content.
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership represents a strategic vision of transatlantic relations, including job creation, global leadership, and establishing high international standards. This paper discusses how three recent bi-lateral and regional agreements, along with positions adopted in transatlantic negotiations, convey respective side's acceptable parameters, and how international standards are emerging from and disseminated through agreements involving the European Union and the United States
In the last decade or so, organizations have witnessed corporate social responsibility (CSR) increasingly becoming part of the mainstream business practice and expectation. CSR has, in many ways been institutionalized as a standard practice for mainly large companies, especially MNCs. At various levels, ranging from individual company level to international level, a wide range of institutional arrangements and structures of CSR have been established, maintained and diffused in order to provide “a logic of appropriateness” and “give the expression and direction” (Campbell, 2006, p. 926) of CSR. However, in the context of institutionalization, these institutional arrangements of CSR have not been examined systematically. In particular, little attention has been given to the comparative analysis of two leading institutions of CSR: ISO 26000 and Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI). Adopting an analytical framework based on neo-institutional theory, this article explores and analyses both GRI and ISO 26000.
The aim of this paper is an analysis of the formation and functioning of the anti-corruption system of Ukraine: National Agency on Corruption Prevention, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office, National Bureau of Investigation and National Agency of Ukraine for finding, tracing and management of assets derived from corruption and other crimes. The study stresses that despite the strong regulatory framework created to prevent and combat it, corruption remains a systemic problem that exists at all levels of government in Ukraine. The above-mentioned bodies have been created taking into account the European experience in the formation of anti-corruption bodies in the system of government, their activities are aimed at overcoming corruption in the country. The article highlights the feasibility of the existence and functioning of anti-corruption bodies and substantiates the importance of all their powers in the field of preventing and combating corruption. It has been concluded that these bodies need further improvement to combat corruption more effectively.
The aim of this article is to trace the paradigm shift that occurred in psychiatry in the 1970s. This change had a key impact on the social perception of health and illness. The theoretical framework of the text is actor-network theory (ANT) and science and technology studies (STS), which deal with the influence of technoscience on society. Using the model of laboratory practice produced within their framework, I attempt to show how the creation of a new diagnostic manual resembled constructing an innovation in a special environment for the purpose of achieving replicable results and controlling the invention’s operation outside the context of creation. In the second part of the text I will deal with the new medical rationale, defining the concept of ‘pharmaceutical reason’ and linking its model of human health with the process of biomedicalization. At the end I cite research referring to the use of the diagnostic manual in medical practice.
In the paper Ideology of canting talking – corporations discourse with regard to ethical codices author describes the phenomenon of canting performatives acts as a mechanism of moral usurpations in business ethics. The promises and declarations in ethical codices cannot turn out to be neither worthless nor significant, because there is no possibility of describing such a situation in which these declarations could be unequivocally called unkept promises. It does not mean that they are always true of course… Author shows that cant declarations of business ethics become to usurp the right to define workers morality. On the one hand it seems to be a beautiful bunch of declarations on the other the point is that corporation’s ethical declarations are designed for managing your thinking about morality.
Audyt wewnętrzny stanowi przykład niezależnej i obiektywnej działalności, której celem jest wspieranie ministra kierującego działem lub kierownika jednostki w realizacji celów i zadań. Obejmuje on swoim zakresem wszystkie obszary działania konkretnej jednostki organizacyjnej. W odniesieniu do Agencji Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa należy stwierdzić, że wnioski i opinie audytowe uzyskane z przeprowadzanych audytów wewnętrznych przyczyniły się do zmian usprawniających funkcjonowanie badanych procesów, wzmocnienia mechanizmów kontrolnych oraz systemu zarządzania Agencją.
EN
The internal audit is an example of an independent and objective activity the aim of which is to support the Minister in charge of a department or head of an organization in achieving the objectives and tasks. It includes, within its scope, all the areas of a particular organizational unit. In relation to Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture, it should be noted that the audit conclusions and opinions obtained from internal audits, actions, have contributed to changes improving the functioning of the investigated processes, strengthening control mechanisms and Agency management system.
Warunki kontraktowe FIDIC są powszechnie stosowanymi na świecie wzorcami kontraktowymi umów o prace projektowe lub roboty budowlane, mającymi w założeniu ułatwić realizację inwestycji budowlanej dla wszystkich jej uczestników. Praktyka budowlana wielu krajów świata (w tym Polski) chętnie posługuje się tymi powszechnie uznanymi międzynarodowymi standardami, mimo że ich charakter prawny różni się w poszczególnych państwach je stosujących i niejednokrotnie ciężko jest określić, jakie jest miejsce warunków kontraktowych FIDIC w krajowych porządkach prawnych. Nie bez znaczenia jest również pochodzenie tychże wzorców umownych. Kształtowane na przestrzeni lat w Wielkiej Brytanii, wywołują znaczące skutki w postaci swej prawnej odmienności ( jako standardy anglosaskiego systemu common law) wobec kontynentalnego porządku prawnego obowiązującego chociażby w naszym kraju. Nie do końca określone zostały konsekwencje prawne stosowania warunków kontraktowych FIDIC w polskim porządku prawnym, a także interpretacja postanowień ich klauzul (związana z koniecznością tłumaczenia angielskich w oryginale wzorców na język polski) nie jest zadaniem łatwym dla polskich prawników. Mając zatem na uwadze popularność warunków kontraktowych FIDIC w polskiej praktyce budowlanej, warto przeanalizować zagrożenia, jakie wiążą się z ich stosowaniem w kontraktach na prace projektowe lub roboty budowlane.
EN
FIDIC conditions of contract are widely used in the world standards of contractual agreements for design or building works, oriented to facilitate the realization of the construction project for all participants. In many countries (including Poland), construction engineers use these widely recognized international standards willingly, although their legal status differs from country to country and sometimes it is hard to determine what place FIDIC conditions of contract occupy in particular national legal systems. The origin of these contract standards is also significant. Shaped over the years in the UK, the aforementioned standards have significant consequences because of their legal peculiarities (as the standards of the Anglo-Saxon common law system), which make it different from the continental legal system in force even in our country. The legal consequences of using the FIDIC conditions of contract were not specified precisely in the Polish legal system. Similarly, the interpretation of their provisions (which involves the translation of original English standards into Polish) does not constitute an easy task for Polish lawyers. Therefore, in view of the popularity enjoyed by FIDIC conditions of contract in the Polish construction industry, it is relevant to consider the hazards associated with using them in contracts for design or building works.
Příspěvek je orientován na pedagogické kompetence učitelů odborných předmětů v kontextu se společenskými změnami a vzdělávací politikou. Odborné kompetence zahrnují specifika učitele odborných předmětů. Jsou zaměřeny na odbornou a pedagogicko psychologickou a didaktickou problematiku. Součástí je úsilí o kvalitu práce učitele.
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The contribution is focused on teachers’ professional competences in connection with social changes and educational politics. Professional competencies focus on vocational and pedagogical, psychological and didactic problems. The quality of teacher’s work is crucial
According to the document Policy of Architecture and Building Culture of the Czech Republic, authorized by the Government in 2015, the Ministry for Regional Development is entrusted with the definition of availability/capacity standards for public facilities and availability standards for public areas. To achieve this, the Ministry must cooperate with the Institute for Spatial Development, the Association for Urban and Regional Planning and higher education institutions. This article presents the standards originated as part of the execution of this assignment as they apply to spatial planning. These standards focus mainly on the accessibility of basic public facilities, which has not been regulated by Czech urban planning for the last three decades, taking into consideration a variety of negative consequences, notably the rapid growth of suburbs of big cities.
CS
Dokument Politika architektury a stavební kultury České republiky schválený vládou v roce 2015 uložil Ministerstvu pro místní rozvoj ve spolupráci s Ústavem územního rozvoje, Asociací pro urbanismus a územní plánování a vysokými školami vytvořit standardy dostupnosti a kapacity zařízení občanského vybavení a standardy dostupnosti veřejných prostranství. Článek seznamuje se standardy dostupnosti veřejné infrastruktury, které vznikly jako součást plnění tohoto úkolu a které mají uplatnění v činnostech územního plánování. Standardy se zaměřují především na dostupnost základního občanského vybavení, která v posledních téměř třech desetiletích nebyla v českém územním plánování nikterak upravena, s řadou negativních důsledků především v rychle rostoucích suburbánních satelitech velkých měst.
Objectives. The goal of the present study is to provide normative data stratified by age, education and gender for the revised Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT) in older adults. Sample and settings. The normative sample consisted of 361 healthy older persons from 62 to 97 years of age (mean age = 75.50; SD = 8.60) and approximately of equal number of men and women, and people with lower and higher levels of education. All participants met the anamnestic and performance criteria for cognitively healthy population. They were assessed with RAVLT as a part of neuropsychological battery. Analysis and results. The authors found that performance in RAVLT total immediate recall, retention and recognition is related to age (rho = from -0.18 to -0.38; p<0.001), education (rho = from 0.15 to 0.24; p<0.01) and gender (rpb = from 0.13 to 0.21; p<0.05). Regression equations allow an exact calculation of individual's performance relative to demographic data. The most commonly used variables in clinical practice are provided in percentiles for two age groups (younger - 62-74 and older - 75+ older) separately and two groups according to education level (lower and higher). Principal component analysis showed two-factor test structure solution. Study limitation. The main limitation of the study is a nonrandom selection of normative sample. This procedure was chosen because of financial and organizational feasibility, moreover it is commonly used in normative samples.
CS
Cíl. Cílem prezentované studie je poskytnout české normy pro revidovaný Reyův auditorně- -verbální test učení (RAVLT) pro populaci starších osob na základě demografických proměnných - věk, vzdělání a pohlaví. Soubor. Soubor, který byl použit pro tuto normativní studii, obsahoval 361 zdravých starších osob ve věku 62 až 97 let (průměrný věk = 75,50 let; SD = 8,60). V souboru byl zahrnut přibližně stejný počet mužů a žen a osob s nižším a vyšším vzděláním. U všech osob byla splněna anamnestická i výkonová kritéria kognitivně zdravých jedinců. V rámci neuropsychologické baterie byl všem participantům administrován test RAVLT. Analýza a výsledky. Autoři zjistili souvislost výkonu v RAVLT v kapacitě učení, retenci a rekognici s demografickými proměnnými - věk (rho = od -0,18 do -0,38; p < 0,001), vzdělání (rho = od 0,15 do 0,24; p < 0,01) a pohlaví (rpb = od 0,13 do 0,21; p < 0,05). Normativní údaje jsou poskytnuty ve formě regresních rovnic umožňujících exaktní výpočet výkonu daného jedince vzhledem k jeho demografickým údajům. Pro klinicky nejužívanější proměnné jsou přiloženy i percentilové normy dle věku (mladší - 62-74 let a starší - 75+ let) a vzdělání (nižší a vyšší vzdělání). V neposlední řadě byla provedena analýza hlavních komponent, která prokázala dvoufaktorovou strukturu testu. Omezení. Hlavním omezením předkládané studie je použití techniky nenáhodného výběru souboru. Tato technika výběru souboru byla zvolena z důvodu finanční a organizační realizovatelnosti. Postup odpovídá reálné praxi při získávání normativních dat.
Objectives. The aim of this study is to examine psychometric properties (reliability, intercorrelations, distribution of scores, analyze the items, influence of demographic variables) and present the percentile norms of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and its short form GAI-SF, which focus on detecting anxxiety in older persons. Sample and setting. 485 mentaly healthy persons older than 60 years of age from 12 regions of the Czech Republic have passed the GAI, which, using 20 items with Yes and No answers, examines anxiety in older individuals. The influence of age, education and sex was examined. Statistical analyses. Data were analyzed with Spearman's and point-biserial correlation coefficients, tetrachoric correlations, Mann-Whitney U test and McDonald's omega. Results. Statistical analysis revealed the effect of sex on the GAI and GAI-SF results, which is in line with the tehory that women are more anxious. The influence of education and age was not significant. The study provides normative GAI and GAI-SF data on a large sample of older persons from the Czech population adjusted by sex. Study limitations. The main limits of the study are non-administering of both versions but only the full version of GAI from which GAI-SF results were extracted, and examination of nonclinical sample.
CS
Cíle. Cílem studie bylo prozkoumat psychometrické vlastnosti (reliabilitu, interkorelace, distribuci skórů), analyzovat položky, vliv demografických proměnných a prezentovat percentilové normy inventáře Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) a jeho zkrácené verze GAI-SF, které se zaměřují na zjišťování úzkosti specificky u starší populace. Soubor a metoda. 485 duševně zdravých osob ve věku 60 a více let z 12 krajů České republiky vyplnilo inventář GAI, který pomocí 20 položek s odpověďmi Ano a Ne zkoumá úzkost u starších jedinců. Z demografických faktorů byl zkoumán vliv věku, vzdělání a pohlaví. Statistická analýza. Data byla analyzována pomocí Spearmanova a bodově-biseriálního korelačního koeficientu, tetrachorických korelací, Mann-Whitneyho U testu a McDonaldova omega. Výsledky. Statistickou analýzou byl zjištěn významný vliv pohlaví na výsledky v GAI i GAI-SF, což je v souladu s teorií považující ženy za úzkostnější. Vliv vzdělání a věku nebyl významný. Studie poskytla normativní data GAI a GAI-SF z velkého souboru starších osob z české populace rozděleně dle pohlaví. Limity. Hlavním limitem studie je neadministrování obou verzí, ale pouze plné verze GAI, z níž byly extrahovány výsledky pro GAI-SF, a zkoumání neklinického souboru.
The article analyses the possibilities of using the kamishibai audit in the area of quality inspection process implementation. The kamishibai audit is a tool of lean and visual management concept used, among others, in the Toyota automotive company in order to verify their compliance with standards. This audit can, in effect, contribute to the improvement of processes. In the article, the kamishibai audit was characterised, the characteristics of the audit that determine its usefulness in the area of quality inspection processes were identified, and an example procedure for the implementation of the kamishibai audit in the examined area was presented. The article also presents the characteristics of the successful implementation of kamishibai audits and ways of enhancing their effectiveness. It has been proven that kamishibai audits can be successfully used to evaluate standards in the area of quality inspection processes.
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