Search results - CEJSH

1

ON THE PARADOXICAL BASES OF MODERN SPEECH METHODOLOGY

100%

Pazukhin R.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2006

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vol. 48

95-110

EN

The aim of the article is to comment on the foundations of modern speech methodology. Modern speech theory rests on the concession that speech utterances are chains of discrete phonological units (individual 'sounds', 'phonemes', 'phones' etc.). Trying to unveil the postulated 'segments' in the continuous speech signal, three main versions of the speech segmentalism were proposed, based on the concepts of the 'microscopic', 'hidden' and 'mental' segmentation respectively. Vain pursuits for more than a hundred years have, however, discovered no trace of the sought 'segments' in speech flow. The crucial question of our speech investigations now remains: to proceed, or not to proceed any further, with this fruitless quest for 'speech segmentation'? The application of the so-called 'existential test' (an abstract analytic method used to appreciate the adequacy of empiric hypotheses) to the speech segmentation concept reveals the supposed 'phonological segments' being nothing more than self-contradictory methodological fiction. These 'segments' can never be found in speech wave.

2

Excavation as Theatre

100%

Tilley C.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2004

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vol. 52

5-13

EN

The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical and conceptual justification for large-scale rescue excavations. The article begins by challenging a predominant view, in which excavations are regarded as a process of rescuing the traces of the past in order to inhibit their potential destruction. But, it is argued, prevailing practices in archaeology leads to a pathological situation in which the technical instrumentation and the production of descriptive observational statements tends to become the principal goals of the discipline. The author points out that instead of emphasizing the development of conceptual structures which might help us understand how to interpret the past, we tend to accumulate more and more information with which in reality very little is done. This leads to the view that any further excavations remain largely unjustified. However, if excavations are conceived as experiments in interpretative activity, then they may play a central role in the development of a more reflexive and mature archaeological practice. To understand the discourses produced by archaeologists, relationships between the excavation and the site report and between excavations, the archaeological community and the public are explored. Indeed, contrary to the standard informational report, based on the myth of pure objectivity, an analogy to the dramatic performance is suggested. In this approach, the site report is considered as an effect of never ending interpretative activity, displayed in the theatre of excavation. The report is a result of a process of selection, recording, organization, inclusion and exclusion which takes place from the perspectives of different individuals and groups, and the discussions and relationships developed on the site. We might envision a site report which reflects back on excavation and critically interrogates all uncertainties. A reflection on some of these ambiguities and contradictions can help us understand how we may write differently and begin to challenge certain superannuated dominant practices. Therefore large-scale complex excavations and their reports provide unique opportunities for experiments in self-discovery. The exceptional position of an archaeological 'database' creates special responsibilities to society. The currently emerging cult of professionalism drastically reduces the scope of social vision, leaving in archaeologists' hands the decision as to which vision of the past the public should be provided with. If we want to appreciate the past and thus value it, we have to actively involve the public in discussion and interpretation of the past. Here excavation has a unique role to play as a theatre where people may be able to produce their own pasts which are meaningful to them. This approach advocates a socially engaged rather than a scientifically detached practice of excavation.(The paper appeared earlier in English in 'ANTIQUITY' vol.63(1989), pp. 275-280)

3

INFORMATION AUDIT - THE METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS (Audyt informacji - problemy metodologiczne)

100%

Materska K.

e-mentor

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2011

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issue 5 (42)

56-63

EN

The article characterizes and compares four most commonly discussed in literature methodological approaches to information audit: InfoMap, Information flow analysis, Integrated Strategic Approach and Information audit. The aim of the study is to make it easier to choose the methodology adequate for the individual needs' of a particular organization.

4

Metodologiczne podłoże bioetyki

100%

Adamkiewicz M.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

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2012

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vol. 13

5-20

EN

The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethicThe article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. s and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival.

5

MUSICAL TEXT: NEW RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE 21ST CENTURY (Tekst muzyczny: nowe perspektywy badawcze u progu XXI wieku)

100%

Caraci-Vela M.

Przegląd Muzykologiczny

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2004

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issue 4

147-159

EN

The essay discusses objectives and developments of modern musical philology and its interdisciplinary contexts. The authoress takes as a point of departure the notion of musical text, whose status and outlines needs redefining in order to allow for the meaning of the text to be developed. Musical philology looks at the text and its existence through time from three complementary points of view: the author's elaborative process; the process of tradition; and the phenomenon of reception. The methodological evolution and gradual critical enrichment of the discipline can clearly be seen in the main research fields of philology in the second half of the 19th century. Several important areas can be outlined here, which have been heavily developed but are still far from exhausted: the relationship between text and notation and between writing and orality; the historical and cognitive value of traditional variants of the text; the developments of author-focused philology (including issues of authenticity and attribution); intertextual phenomena; relationships between textual traditions and reception of musical works; and finally, relationships between medieval music philology and the current of New Philology. The persistence of outdated or unrigorous methodologies notwithstanding, musical philology has been enriched in the last decades by important contributions, which have helped to revitalize its perspectives and interests.

6

WHO ARE THE SIGNIFICANT OTHERS IN THE LEARNING PROCESS?

80%

Wysocka M.

Linguistica Silesiana

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2007

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vol. 28

267-279

EN

The article provides a brief insight into the position and influence of the so-called .significant others in the learning process. To be more specific, the paper aims at distinguishing an individual who helps the learner to learn a language, presenting the characteristics of the .important figure, and defining the roles the person plays in learners' lives. The research findings emphasize a valuable contribution and effort the important figures take in order to shape learners' emotional states and attitudes towards learning, the language itself, and the TLC.

7

ON THE FORMATION AND CONDUCT OF GARDEN HISTORY

80%

Hunt J. D.

Rocznik Historii Sztuki

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2009

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vol. 34

5-11

EN

The author states that garden history has established two unavoidable trajectories. The first is the investigation of the design and formal evolution of individual sites; this involves land holdings, patronage, available design skills and above all a focus upon formal moves, usually drawn first on paper and then transferred onto the ground. Art and architectural historians found this approach congenial and even familiar. The second trajectory sought to elucidate why sites were created in those ways: what were the motives of patrons, the education and inclinations of designers (including their knowledge of earlier forms), all of which tended towards a focus upon the meaning that a designed site held for its original creators and owners. Philosophers, historians of science and literary critics were particularly drawn to this mode of history. Both those approaches privileged the design of original sites, but what they did not generally seek to understand was how subsequent generations saw or (perhaps) remodeled the original designs. Garden history has been growing and developing rapidly over the last 30 or 40 years. The range of the subject along with the sheer quantity of work now produced in the larger history of landscape has increased by leaps and bounds. One must acknowledge here the considerable contributions – in both number and intellectual thrust – that have emerged in Europe (France most prominently, but Italy also) from a whole range of landscape architects, philosophers, geographers, and cultural commentators and historians of all sorts. Recognition of the ineluctably multi-disciplinary nature of garden historical enquiry, and the contributions to the subject therefore from an increased number of specialists in other fields, make every new endeavour potentially more challenging.

8

The National Census 2002. Advantages and Disadvantages

80%

Jarosz M.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2004

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issue 1(172)

9-18

EN

We draw knowledge about the society from various sources. Primary data are the most important: their dependability is the condition of credibility of the future analyses and publications. Moreover, as in case of the Polish National Census, it becomes the basis for governmental and parliamentary economic and social programs. The text underlines the benefits of the last census, its credibility as well as merits of the information it provides. It proved particularly helpful in case of a dramatic correction of the existing data regarding the scope of unemployment in Poland. Among the census' shortcomings we can find: the lack of basic data concerning the class structure of the society, economic and social diversification, educational opportunities of the children of famers, workers and intelligentsia. These are the kind of information, which are also not found in the Central Statistical Office databank.

9

Otsinka investytsiynoyi pryvablyvosti rehionu: metodychnyy aspekt

80%

Petrovs'ka S. A.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2013

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vol. 2 (60)

113-126

EN

In the article proposed the methodical approach to the evaluation of investment attractiveness of the region based on the construction of integral indicator. A general scheme for the construction of integral indicators of investment attractiveness of the region is worked out. The integral indicator of the investment attractiveness of the region is determined by the values of integral indicators the synthetic categories. Five synthetic categories for evaluating the investment attractiveness of the region are defined: investment potential, investment climate, investment activity, investment risks and environmental aspect. Complex system of indicators for this evaluation taking into account the environmental aspect is formed. The proposed approach is entirely based on using economic and mathematical methods of research. The indicators are used to the evaluation have a necessary for the calculation statistical basis. This approach should contribute to the solution of regional problems: more efficient use of investment resources, the formation of optimal territorial areas of investment flows, establishment favourable investment attractiveness, improve mechanisms study and attract investment, reduce the degree of risk for investors and creditors.

10

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPLEX DENDROLOGICAL METHODOLOGY (Istorychny rozvytok kompleksnoyi dendrolohichnoyi metodolohiyi)

80%

Ivchenko I. S.

Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)

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2009

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issue 3

46-60

EN

According to historians of botany, history of botanic research in a natural or administrative region is linked to the history of research of its flora, and, accordingly, dendroflora. On the basis of this statement, several methods and approaches are proposed for comparative historical studies of the dendrological field. Specifics of dendrofloristics as a mainstream dendrology field are outlined by use of logical, regional, geographic, systemic, functional and other methods. Historically, dendrofloristics was based on research of populations of wooden plants. History of studies of wooden plants in the evolutionary epoch in the context of building up the complex dendrological methodology is analyzed. These studies are associated with the rise of phytocentric field in dendrology. Empirical and visual dendrofloristic methods of the past classification epoch were replaced by sounder approaches of the evolutionary epoch in the last third of XIX century. They are based on identification of population integrity of dendrological objects as elements of natural systems. At the same time, revival of ethnobotanic approaches poses question about integration of floristic and phytocenotic methods, and creation of separate dendrological methodology on the systemic basis.

11

An Opus Magnum of Michal Heller

80%

Eilstein H.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2008

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vol. 17

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issue 1(65)

19-40

EN

An excellent book recently published by Michał Heller 'is devoted to the struggle with the most difficult questions one may put to the universe' (p. 237) . It brings to the layperson a presentation of the main cosmological hypotheses discussed nowadays at the scientific forum and focuses on the difficulties addressed in these proposals. At the same time Heller presents in this work his philosophical-cum-theological views on other issues, particularly on the question of the existence of God and of the relation of God to the empirical reality. Moreover, he encompasses in his purview some methodological questions concerning empirical cognition. The authoress concentrates on the philosophical-cum-theological contents of the book and criticizes some of Heller's views by contrasting them with the atheistic standpoint.

12

ON METHODOLOGY OF LITERATURE HISTORIOGRAPHY

80%

Sladek O.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2008

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vol. 55

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issue 2-3

172-179

EN

The author summarises consequences and impulses in the last decades in the Human Studies and applies them to the context of literary history. He deals with position of literary history in the paradigm of cultural studies.

13

What is it that I don't understand of C. Milosz's 'Traktat moralny'?

80%

Markiewicz H.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2006

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issue 5(101)

205-212

EN

The article is a peculiar 'record of interpretative failures' in analysis of Czeslaw Milosz's 'Traktat moralny' (The Moral Treaty). The author points out to some details of the poem proving extremely hard to interpret, and makes an attempt at explaining them, supporting himself to this end by Milosz's own commentaries to the text, which he has found in the poet's letters to the philosopher Tadeusz Kronski and in his recorded conversations with Renata Gorczynska, and, with Aleksander Fiut and Andrzej Franaszek. The author's indication of certain unclear points and instances of contradictoriness in the Treaty's text offers a specific incentive for the reader to focus not only on what the text can offer them but also, on what is apparently incomprehensible in it.

14

In defence of Theory

80%

Ulicka D.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2007

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issue 4(106)

175-196

EN

This article evokes the issue of so-called 'death of theory' once again. Whilst approaching it in the perspective of achievements of the Central and Eastern-European literary studies of the former half of 20th century, the authoress argues that heralding an end of Theory is but 'chatter' (as Karol Irzykowski once named his contemporary statements of a crisis of novel) which, if to anything, refers to certain reduced versions of theoretical literary studies, excerpted from a late French structuralism. Juxtaposed against this achronotopic hypostasis is a concept of Theory as a cultural utterance that was conceived in the Central/Eastern Europe area roughly between 1900 and 1930. This particular version is being continued by those advocating a double simulated 'death'.

15

Teoriopoznawcze i metodologiczne podstawy filozofii sztuki Hipolita Taine’a

80%

Werner M.

Filo-Sofija

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2006

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vol. 6

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issue 6

223-237

EN

Taine postulates that the status of the humanities should be equal with that of the sciences. The claim is based on a conviction, shared by other positivist philosophers, that both kinds of knowledge should share the same methodology. Thus, all knowledge turns out to be a collection of facts and relations among them. The facts are subordinate to some major facts being their “causes” or “principal features”. The task of a work of art is to extract such facts. The emergence of the characteristic feature of a phenomenon allows us to describe a work as a perfect one. The value of the work depends on the kind of a characteristic feature, being more or less universal.

16

Experience: a real issue for humanities

80%

Wolska D.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2006

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issue 3(99)

23-33

EN

In our contemporary humanistic discussions, 'experience' appears, on the one hand, as a new source metaphor reorganising the field of research (V. Turner, E. Bruner); a 'real issue for humanities, again' (M. Jay); an antidote for a crisis of representationism (F. Ankersmit); and, on the other, as an expression of impossible or even undesirable issues (R.Rorty). Those advocating the momentousness of the issue of experience primarily focus on a border experience, determined through confrontation with the language, discursiveness, expressiveness. Experience is not considered as an attitude or touchstone of reliable knowledge but rather, as an extremely hard-to-access subject thereof, or even an aporia, which manifests itself clearest in the Holocaust-related issues. The questions of witness, testimony and certification, connected with the issue of experience, as discussed by Georgio Agamben in 'Quel che Resta di Auschwitz', entice the ethical dimension of humanities research to be considered as a question of the researcher's participation in the structure of attestation/certification.

17

Rola intuicji w poznaniu filozoficznym. Między kontekstem odkrycia a kontekstem uzasadnienia

80%

Kołodziejczyk S. T.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2017

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vol. 45

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issue 4

5-35

EN

Intuition belongs to the most prominent concepts of philosophical methodology. In my paper I put forward some crucial ideas related to the notion of intuition. Firstly, I sketch a general picture of intuition in philosophy. Secondly, the main debates about intuition in analytical philosophy are presented and discussed. Finally, it is argued that the aforementioned debates are not clear about the epistemic and explanatory status of intuition. My own view is that intuition may be a very useful power for initiating philosophical cognition, but at the same time it does not look promising when it is interpreted as a cognitive power for justification of philosophical knowledge.

18

Problém retrospektivní diagnostiky v dějinách lékařství

80%

Cerny K.

DVT - Dějiny věd a techniky (History of Sciences and Technology)

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2008

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vol. 41

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issue 3

145-154

EN

The paper was intended to be an introductory exposition for workshop about acceptability of a retrospective diagnosis. It deals with various methods used in the history of medicine, and with problems which are related to them. In the beginning it describes shortly development in the medical historiography that took place during the last three decades. It emphasizes those approaches which have not been discussed in the Czech ambient so far. The paper focuses above all on methods suggested by Jon Arrizabalaga, Giorgio Cosmacini, and Roy Porter. In other words it describes socio-constructivistic history of medicine and medicine that is seen using 'patient's view'. In the second part the paper describes how relativity in the modern approach affects the most basic terms of medicine: health, healing, illness, disease, etc. The aim is to show that once we leave secure area of institutional history or medical biographies we face a whole lot of serious obstacles.

19

Konstanty A. Jelenski as a historian of modern literature

80%

Bielecki M.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2005

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issue 6(96)

46-68

EN

This article attempts at discussing literary-critical texts by Konstanty-Aleksander Jelenski, the man whose merits to Polish emigration culture were enormous. Jelenski was a fascinating personality and an outstanding literary commentator. The starting point here is analysis of his extremely innovative literary-critical method, elaborated upon the borderline of existentialism, psychoanalysis, and structuralism (and, partly, poststructuralism, too), backed with an impressive essayistic discourse, unfolding in opposition to an 'objective' professional language of literary scholarship. K. A. Jelenski would not be satisfied with attaching gloss-like opinions to individual works, a typical reviewer's job. Instead, he depicts, almost parenthetically, his convincing and inspiring literary-historical syntheses. On top of that, he is probably the first Polish critic using the broad-range notion of 'modernism'; and, what is more, he has drafted a pioneering (not only in terms of Polish literary science) paradigm of modernist(ic) literature, as inscribed in his reviews.

20

Polityka w pięciu odsłonach: metatypologia zjawiska

80%

Czajowski A.

Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne

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2011

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vol. 12

5-25

EN

The notions of “politics” and “political character” are more intuitive than scientific. They make difficult any distinguishing what is general, universal or political. They have a lot of logical mistakes in the definitions of political phenomena and also of typological shortages of such behaviors, like the political ones. The researchers try to classify a variety of concepts of politics. These categorizations capture the politics as it is commonly seen. For these reasons, they are insufficient. We need a comprehensive typology, capable of introducing the discipline, more precision as to the classification criteria, without demonstrating what the politics is. Taking into account my previous remarks, I propose the following approaches to this phenomenon: 1. common; 2. material and ideological-doctrinaire; 3. theoretical; 4. methodological; 5. sectional. Only within such general types, one might classify the politics according to its constituent characteristics and its different understandings.

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