Search results - CEJSH

1

The Bridge Of Mostar – A Controversial Symbol Of Identity

100%

Gentzik C.

Euro-Facta

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2008

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vol. 1. From totalitarism to citizen's societes in the United Europe

315-324

EN

The article entitled “The Bridge of Mostar”, which addresses the problem of armed conflicts in the Balkans and the attempts to establish peace in the region. Creating a harmonious coexistence between the groups of different cultures and religions requires taking into consideration the ethnic and cultural behavioural conditioning. The unity, but also the conflicts based on ethnic differences, are symbolised by the bridge in the town of Mostar, which connects two areas with different traditions and cultural backgrounds. The rebuilding of the bridge, which was destroyed in 1993 during the Bosnian War, went beyond the physical restoring of the bridge, and entailed the recreation of the uneasy harmony between the peoples of different backgrounds and aspirations who live in the neighbouring areas. The bridge symbolises the difficulty in defining the identity and creating harmonious coexistence, but also the need for this harmony. The article emphasis the necessity of involvement by international organisations in order to reconcile the belligerent parties, while enhancing the identity of each ethnic group and creating harmonious relations between the different groups.

2

SOCIAL VACUUM AND DEMOCRACY - EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

80%

Czesnik M.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2008

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issue 2(189)

5 -28

EN

This article discusses a classical Stefan Nowak's hypothesis of sociological vacuum. The main objective is to test the hypothesis that sociological vacuum is dysfunctional for democracy; The author aims to answer the question whether a democratic system can function properly in a society experiencing sociological vacuum. Analyses show that sociological vacuum is not unique for Poland - societies under scrutiny differ significantly in terms of group identities and their variance. This variance, however, is not related to the quality of democracy; among successful democratic systems there are both countries of large and small sociological vacuum. This implies that democracy can function properly also in countries where group identities are weak. Thus the main conclusion of the article is that deficiencies and imperfections of democracy, also in Poland, are due to other than sociological vacuum causes.

3

NORMATÍVNOSŤ POJMU UZNANIA

80%

Palovičová Z.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2007

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vol. 62

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issue 8

658-667

EN

The request of recognition is nowadays being raised under strongly varying conditions, as in the name of minorities, collective identities or within feminism. Still growing emphasis on the need of recognition is based on the assumption of the certain links existing between recognition and identity, where the identity is used to specify human self-understanding. The first part of the study tries to follow the argumentation in support of the social and cultural recognition theory. While interpreting this theory, the authoress focuses on the works of contemporary influential recognition theory of the philosophers, namely Ch. Taylor and A. Honneth. The second part of the study explores the relationship between the recognition of the collective identities and the ideal of individual autonomy.

4

HOW DOES A SINGLE-MAN DIFFER FROM A SINGLE-WOMAN? GENDER AS AN ELEMENT IN THE IDENTITY OF SINGLES

80%

Sobolczyk A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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vol. 52

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issue 3

179-194

EN

Identity is an awareness of being the same 'me' in the past, despite changes over time, as well as being clause to similar social categories in the present. One of the most important for self-identification categories of others are people of the same gender. Gender is a collection of roles recognised as being typical for representatives of a given sex, particular behaviour and personality traits. We describe them respectively as structural, symbolic and emotional dimensions of masculinity and femininity. The aim of the article is to provide an answer to the question of how gender affects the identity of singles - those who are neither parents or partners. Considered are independently: work, family, home and free time on the basis of information obtained from interviews and the European Social Survey. This leads to the conclusion that work and home are areas where sex has less impact on the life of a single than on that of other members of the society. Singles' femininity and masculinity manifest themselves mainly symbolically during their free time. Typical for people living alone is that they consciously shape their behaviour as feminine, masculine or neutral.

5

Questions of the body and the identity in personality assessment of people with disabilities

80%

Garai D.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2004

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vol. 59

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issue 1

5-18

EN

Starting from the present state of special psychological assessment and evaluation the author discusses the further possibilities of the knowledge of disabled persons. Focusing on the field of identity forming as well as the role of the body in this procedure, theories are cited that show the possible directions of research in the field of rehabilitation psychology. Among the modern theories of the body the author looks over those feminist theories connected to the notion of disability. Analysing the connection of biological basis and its social representations in the psychological theories of identity the role of different body experiences and body-image boundaries as well as the questions of narrative identity are mentioned.

6

HĹBKOVÁ MOZGOVÁ STIMULÁCIA, IDENTITA* A PERDURANTIZMUS

80%

Odorčak J.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2014

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vol. 69

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issue 6

472 – 481

EN

The paper explores possible changes of personal identity due to deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the background of a universal problem of combining the persistence through time with the change of an object. It is argued, that in the conception of perdurantism the problem can be resolved without the elimination of identity. Here the identity is put under threat only when the psychological criterion is applied. The application of memory, corporeal or biological criteria means no threat to personal identity of a person undergoing DBS.

7

IDENTITY AND CREATIVE PERSONALITY

80%

Sramova B., Fichnova K.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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vol. 50

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issue 4

357-369

EN

The present paper discusses the relation between the adolescent identity and the features of creative personality. The concept of identity comes from Berzonsky who, according to the participation of cognitive strategies in identity construction, distinguished three basic processually oriented identity styles: informational, normative, diffuse/avoidant. This author devotes special attention to the extent of that part of formed identity that he calls 'commitment'. The creativity of personality also takes part as a factor in identity formation. The developing creative personality may reach identity redefinition sooner and avoid role diffusion. Goal: To identify how the selected adolescent personality traits contribute to identity construction and to determine the interrelation among the variables. Materials and methods: Identity style questionnaire (Berzonsky), WKOPAY (Khatena, Torrance). Results and conclusions: There is a mutual relationship among the traits of creative personality and adolescent identity styles. The selected traits of creative personality influence identity construction. 'Authority' acceptance and disciplined imagination contribute to identity formation in the sense of obligation. A lower degree of authority acceptance as well as of other personality traits supports the active formation of autonomous adolescent identity. Adolescents with their autonomous formed identity, who rely on themselves to a higher degree in their autonomous identity formation, reject authorities. Vice versa, adolescents with unformed identity tend to uncritical acceptance of the opinions and attitudes of those in authority.

8

Ustanawianie pamięci i trud budowania tożsamości. Refleksja nad ruchem romskim i jego historiografią

80%

van Baar H.

Studia Romologica

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2015

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vol. 8

73-97

EN

This article discusses various dilemmas that are related to historical and contemporary processes of Romani identity formation through an examination of what I consider as Romani acts of memory. By so doing, I reflect upon what has been called “the Romani movement” and the ways in which this social movement has hitherto been represented in the literature. I argue that an analysis of the Romani movement from the perspective of enactments of memory sheds new light on the hard and complex labor of Romani identity formation, as well as on the prevailing historiographies of the Romani movement.

9

ETHNICITY IN THE INTERNET ECUMEN. IS DIGITAL SOLIDARITY POSSIBLE? (Etnicznosc w internetowej ekumenie. Czy mozliwa jest solidarnosc cyfrowa?)

80%

Kuligowski W.

Lud

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2010

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vol. 94

59-72

EN

The author has analysed forms of presence of selected ethnic groups in the Internet. The typology of modern ethnic groups formulated by Thomas Hylland Eriksen has been used. Eriksen has identified four types of ethnic groups: 1. urban ethnic minorities, 2. indigenous peoples, 3. proto-nations and 4. ethnic groups in plural societies. Each of the types of ethnic groups identified by Eriksen is illustrated with one example. The urban ethnic minority is represented by the Assyrians, indigenous peoples - by the Mapuche from Chile, proto-nations - by the Tamils and the ethnic groups in plural societies by the Garifuna in Belize. The question about the 'Internet versions of ethnic identities' is also a question about the nature of the groups and their online relations, the relations between the real and virtual culture as well as about the 'digital solidarity', its potential and limitations.

10

Konieczność i nazywanie

80%

: S. W.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2012

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vol. 40

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issue 4

11 - 24

EN

The article refers directly to Saul Kripke’s well-known work Naming and Necessity and it presents reflections on issues discussed in the book in question that are usually considered in logic courses offered to students of philosophy. The particular subject of reflection is the claim that any identity between proper names, if it holds, must be necessary. An attempt is made to explain how, in this context, one can understand necessity, the role of proper names, and what is involved in the relationship of identity, because the Kripke’s proposals are not always based on a definitive refutation of objections raised by opponents of his solutions.

11

ANIMALISM AND THE VAGUENESS OF COMPOSITION

80%

Bělohrad R.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2019

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vol. 26

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issue 2

207 – 227

EN

Lockean theories of personal identity maintain that we persist by virtue of psychological continuity, and most Lockeans say that we are material things coinciding with animals. Some animalists argue that if persons and animals coincide, they must have the same intrinsic properties, including thinking, and, as a result, there are ‘too many thinkers’ associated with each human being. Further, Lockeans have trouble explaining how animals and persons can be numerically different and have different persistence conditions. For these reasons, the idea of a person being numerically distinct but coincident with an animal is rejected and animalists conclude that we simply are animals. However, animalists face a similar problem when confronted with the vagueness of composition. Animals are entities with vague boundaries. According to the linguistic account of vagueness, the vagueness of a term consists in there being a number of candidates for the denotatum of the vague term. It seems to imply that where we see an animal, there are, in fact, a lot of distinct but overlapping entities with basically the same intrinsic properties, including thinking. As a result, the animalist must also posit ‘too many thinkers’ where we thought there was only one. This seems to imply that the animalist cannot accept the linguistic account of vagueness. In this paper the author argues that the animalist can accept the linguistic account of vagueness and retain her argument against Lockeanism.

12

KRÍZA IDENTITY A SILNÉ HODNOTENIE

80%

Prokešová E.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2011

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vol. 66

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issue 5

486-490

EN

The paper examines the connection between identity crisis and Charles Taylor's concept of strong evaluation. The latter is construed as one of the fundamental characteristics of human identity. It is argued that in the absence the ability of strong evaluation a specific form of identity crisis occurs. The main objective of the paper is to show the necessity of strong evaluation for 'healthy identity' and for human capability 'to cure' the identity already in crisis.

13

WHOSE STATE AND WHOSE NATIONALISM? IDENTITY DILEMMAS IN MOLDAVIA

80%

Derlicki J.

Etnografia Polska

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2007

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vol. 51

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issue 1-2

7-23

EN

The author focuses on the issue of Moldavian national identity. Tracing historical and linguistic roots of the arguments used in the debate on Moldavian consciousness, he presents identity strategies in Moldavia. The main argument here is that the complicated history of Bessarabia (today's Moldova) has resulted in contemporary identification dilemmas. One of the key questions is whether we should call it Moldavian or Romanian. About 80% of the titular nation call themselves and their language Moldavian. On the contrary, approximately 5% (mostly intelligentsia) believe that they are Romanians, who were de-nationalized and transformed into Moldavians by the Soviet state. It is undisputable, that present Moldavian identity is the result of soviet national policy. Its stability, however, is a quite unusual phenomenon. If we accept the existence of independent Republic of Moldova, we must grant its population the right to be named Moldavian, even if there are no rational reasons to distinguish them from Romanians. Today most people want to be called Moldavians while nationalist movement is considered to be Romanian. We could describe this case as Moldavian state with Romanian nationalism.

14

Hranice a identita v českém histori(ografi)ckém kontextu

80%

Řezníková L., Řezník M.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2012

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vol. 110

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issue 3-4

596-610

EN

In the most recent decade, the thematic field of frontiers and identity, especially the interconnection of both concepts, has belonged among the symptomatic phenomena of Czech historiography. As a result, coordinated and mutually coherent works have been developed, which, in addition to research, also involved activities in the areas of historical education, the transfer of knowledge and international cooperation. It is one of the fields in which Czech historiography has been actively involved in international scientific communication, and in addition in a partly coordinator role. With the emergence of the new theme of frontiers and identity, Czech historiography relatively quickly responded to the developments in international scientific reflections. This contribution deals with reasons for this newly arisen focus, albeit neither the theme of frontiers nor the issue of identity were entirely novel categories of historical thought in the 1990s and in later years. However, at this time they attained rather new connotations and relevant meanings and in connection with this the manner of treating the subject matter has also changed. Post-modernist challenges – in terms of post-modern perspectives and critical responses to them – have become decisive preconditions of this phenomenon from the last stages of the 20th century. This contribution follows the formation of new concepts of collective identities, frontiers and space, especially in their mutual interconnection. At the same time attention is paid to mutual connections between international and Czech reflections. At its conclusion, comments are devoted to the special section of the 10th Congress of Czech Historians in Ostrava, which dealt with these issues.

15

Wizerunek celebryty w polskiej prasie tabloidowej

80%

Hołojda K.

Oblicza Komunikacji

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2011

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vol. 4

283-294

EN

In the tabloid press a significant role is played by established and functioning celebrities’ images. The purpose of this analysis was to attempt to discover the mechanisms of the construction, processing and communication of these images by the tabloids existing in the Polish media. In the ideal situation the image should be the same as the identity. The confrontation between the celebrities’ image and identity was important as well. Based on the analysis of articles about Doda within a period of two months (from 1 March 2009 to 30 April 2009) a scheme of her image in tabloids was created, which consisted of myths created by the specific lexemes often repeated in the same contexts. Thus arose the myths: “Doda ― the queen,” “Doda ordinary and Polish,” “Doda ― the fashion designer,” “Doda quarrelsome” and “Doda ― the singer.” Doda has not appeared in tabloids beyond such broadly constructed categories. Doda’s image, which can be read on this basis, however, is not entirely coherent. Despite the fact that it slightly deviates from the celebrity’s identity. As a source of knowledge about the celebrity’s identity her official website (www.doda.net.pl) was used. Conclusions drawn on the basis of the analysis of articles about Doda can be extended to the whole area of the functioning of all celebrities in Polish tabloids. The most important mechanism is very simple ― it is based on the repetition of the same ordinary lexemes and phrases defining a celebrity. Celebrities’ images arise from taking into account the needs of customers whose demands are not clear. Tabloids’ readers at the same time expect rumors of rich, ideal life of stars and confirmation that celebrities are as ordinary as they are. Polish tabloid press acts as a stabilizer. It is conservative and uncontested to maintain society and bring it relief (emotional discharge). It is not a news medium, but entertaining. Therefore, in the tabloid press there may lawfully function even seemingly conflicting celebrities’ images.

16

Projevy identity v pohřebním ritu obyvatel Bohemky a Veselinovky na Ukrajině

80%

Vavra J.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2007

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vol. 94

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issue 1

19-41

EN

Bohemka and Veselinovka in Ukraine were founded at the beginning of the twentieth century by descendants of Czech religious emigrants of the eighteenth century. Nowadays, both villages are inhabited predominantly by Protestant Czechs who still constitute a majority, as well as by Ukraininas of Orthodox denomination and, partly, by individuals of other nationalities. In the article the ethnical and confessional identity of inhabitants of both villages is being presented through the analysis of funeral and postfuneral rites and their material manifestations. In both communities funerals and funeral feasts are celebrated; besides, rites commemorating the deceased are observed: 'pominky', that is, remembrances of the dead that take place in precisely determinated intervals, 'provody' or collective visits of cemeteries accompanied by feasting on the graves, and also remembrances of deceased soldiers at memorials. Most of these rituals stem from Orthodox tradition, but nowadays also Czech inhabitants of the communities participate in them. They struggle to belittle them, because they are not compatible with their tradition as well as with their religious ideology. Dissimilarities, but also coming together of both groups manifested itself on both cemeteries. Coming together had been realized thanks to more intense social bonds among members of both groups. The (post)funeral rites contain in themselves expressions of ethnic and confessional identity through symbols, such as cross and chalice. Such rituals not only make reference to tradition, but they introduce the participants into the system of reciprocal relations and corroborate the existing social bonds.

17

PSEUDONIMI E IDENTITÀ: IL CASO DI CLAUDE CAHUN

80%

Calanni Rindina D.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2019

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vol. 8

|

issue 1

22 – 31

EN

The present article focuses on the analysis of the role of pseudonyms in the life and works of the French artist Claude Cahun. The authorial and individual existence of this versatile representative of the surrealist movement seems to be characterized by the refuse of labels and definitions. Taking this rejection as a starting point, the article will explore the underlying reasons that led Cahun to refuse her birth name and use pseudonyms instead. In particular, it will propose a short analysis of Cahun's choice of the neutral name (Claude)/jewish surname (Cahun), and their implications as far as the struggle for individual definition is concerned, with a particular focus on the concepts of gender, class, family and religion.

18

AGEING: A DIALOGUE

80%

Berleant A., Alpert M., Vino V.

ESPES

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2023

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vol. 12

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issue 1

33 - 41

EN

In April 2021, longing to learn first-hand about ageing philosophically, Valery Vino reached out to the legendary Arnold Berleant (who was 89 at the time of writing), to see whether he might be interested in recording a dialogue to this theme, with a companion of his choice. Berleant selected his ideal collaborator Michael Alpert, book designer and collector, poet, senior, and treasured friend. Over the following six months, a rich tapestry of leisurely reading, contemplation and discussion unfolded, culminating in an unrehearsed, free-flowing conversation about ageing, which has been recorded, lightly edited and offered here for readers to share.

19

THE RHETORIC OF THINGS AND MAKING HOME PROCESS AFTER YALTA'S OCCIDENT SPACES (Retoryka rzeczy a proces zadomowienia w przestrzeniach pojalatanskiego Okcydentu)

80%

Szydlowska M.

Anthropos?

|

2011

|

issue 16-17

105-126

EN

The abstract of essay constitutes reflection about things (in the meaning of objects). Things are elements of our everyday life, they cause a human practice of social actions, economical behavior, psycho-behavioral acts. Things can be important and suggestive elements of subjective and collective identity, also things can build spaces of our memories and construct a perspective for reflection in which man makes wonder about their meanings, creation process, using, consuming, making home for them, giving out, throwing away or making narrative for them. Author shows, the presence of things (objects) in fiction and remembrance prose oriented for the description of southern parts of Eastern Prussia (Warmia and Mazury) which have been incorporated by judgments into the Poland. Ethnic definitions of things are connected with the manufacture technique, ways of using and symbolic meaning. On the border, where met together - different cultural codes, interethnic discourse often became the great dramatic. Relation to identify things in cultural mechanism was described by confrontation with such as dimensions: epistemological, aesthetical, linguistic. As the result, things (objects) of everyday life could be a silence evidence of foreignness existence for arrivals, but also it made adaptation possible. Moreover, sign of difference connected with 'old and new' spaces is a description in literature which set out-of the culture material. Pulled from the various cultural agendas things (cultural goods) are heterogeneous mosaic of borderline - where borderland as translation category - defines battered biography and disturbed identity. As author has convinced, presence of everyday life objects, which are presented in the literary texts may be used to recognize character's identify, but also in alternation way can be oriented to ethnos exceeded.

20

ŽENSKÉ OBRAZY BULHARSKEJ IDENTITY NA SLOVENSKU

80%

Mateeva V.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

|

2010

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vol. 17

|

issue 1-2

122 – 134

EN

The contribution focuses on identification of Bulgarian living in the territory of Slovakia. It deals with the symbol of “being Bulgarian”, ethnicity, place of birth, and personal experiences. Basic ethno-cultural issues such as Bulgaria as a state or territory, Bulgarian language, material things, traditional cuisine, Bulgarian festivals are the target of our research. From realised interviews the author selected those opinions and impressions, which are connected with studied topic.

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