Search results - CEJSH

1

Świat pod lupą fenomenologa

100%

Psica S.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2017

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issue 63

241-248

EN

Book review of: Aleksandra K. Przegalińska, Istoty wirtualne. Jak fenomenologia zmieniła sztuczną inteligencję, Wydawnictwo Universitas, Kraków 2016, ss. 268.

PL

Recenzja książki: Aleksandra K. Przegalińska, Istoty wirtualne. Jak fenomenologia zmieniła sztuczną inteligencję, Wydawnictwo Universitas, Kraków 2016, ss. 268.

2

Organisational Communication in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Development. Opportunities and Threats

100%

Kaczmarek-Śliwińska M.

Social Communication. Online Journal

|

2019

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issue 2(20)

62-68

EN

Organisational communication in the age of artificial intelligence (AI) development is an opportunity but also a challenge. Thanks to the changing media space and the development of technology, it is possible to automate work, increase the effectiveness and power of influence and distribution of content. However, they also raise questions concerning risks, ranging from those associated with the social area (reducing the number of jobs) to the ethics of communication and the ethics of the professional profession of public relations (still PR ethics or the AI ethics in PR). The article will outline the opportunities and concerns resulting from the use of AI in communication of an organisation.

3

Sztuczna inteligencja w problematyce modeli oceny ryzyka w instytucjach finansowych z perspektywy prawno-regulacyjnej

80%

Nowakowski M., Waliszewski K.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

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2022

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vol. 1

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issue 33

119-141

EN

Purpose of the article / hypothesis: This article aims to verify the need to introduce additional legal and regulatory requirements in relation to the models used in banks, including, in particular, risk assessment models. At the same time, the article analyzes the need for possible introduction of sector-specific guidelines, or the need to include the above-mentioned models in the classification of high-risk artificial intelligence systems, referred to in the draft EU regulation on artificial intelligence. Methodology: The article is based on an analysis of the available literature on the subject, legal acts as well as regulations and standards developed both at the local and international level. Research results / results: The issue of the application of models in the financial sector, mainly banking, is of significant importance from the perspective of the regulator and supervisor. Quality, compliance with the regulations, but also efficiency and effective supervision may constitute the (instability) of a given financial institution, the instability of which may be a component – at least potentially – of systemic risk. Banks commonly use internal models that generally allow the calculation of capital requirements to cover specific risks in a bank’s business, such as credit risk or market risk. Internal models have been evolving for years and are undoubtedly becoming more and more accurate (they predict with a greater probability the occurrence of certain events), although they are still only certain assumptions that reality can verify, as evidenced by financial crises that have already occurred in the past as well as failures of banks considered to be stable. At the same time, the development of new technologies, in particular the so-called artificial intelligence makes institutions more and more willing to use various models, e.g. machine learning, to support these models and obtain theoretically better results. The European Union, but also other jurisdictions are considering or already introducing specific legal and regulatory solutions that are to introduce clear rules related to the use of certain artificial intelligence systems, including those used by financial institutions. As a result, institutions – already burdened with significant regulatory requirements, may soon be obliged to go through another "health path" of a legal and regulatory compliance nature.

4

Computability and human symbolic output

80%

Megill J., Melvin T.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2014

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vol. 23

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issue 4

391–401

EN

This paper concerns “human symbolic output,” or strings of characters produced by humans in our various symbolic systems; e.g., sentences in a natural language, mathematical propositions, and so on. One can form a set that consists of all of the strings of characters that have been produced by at least one human up to any given moment in human history. We argue that at any particular moment in human history, even at moments in the distant future, this set is finite. But then, given fundamental results in recursion theory, the set will also be recursive, recursively enumerable, axiomatizable, and could be the output of a Turing machine. We then argue that it is impossible to produce a string of symbols that humans could possibly produce but no Turing machine could. Moreover, we show that any given string of symbols that we could produce could also be the output of a Turing machine. Our arguments have implications for Hilbert’s sixth problem and the possibility of axiomatizing particular sciences, they undermine at least two distinct arguments against the possibility of Artificial Intelligence, and they entail that expert systems that are the equals of human experts are possible, and so at least one of the goals of Artificial Intelligence can be realized, at least in principle.

5

Evidence from Artificial Intelligence in General Administrative Procedure

80%

Dubiński Ł.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2022

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vol. 14

251-280

EN

Artificial intelligence is becoming an element of everyday life, and also a part of administrative proceedings. The legislator systematically adds regulations that allow public administration bodies to use artificial intelligence. At the same time, the Code of Administrative Procedure has not been amended in this respect. The article tries to establish what artificial intelligence evidence is. In addition, the issue of whether the rules on administrative evidence should be changed to cover the use of AI evidence is examined.

6

Kunst und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) – Zu den Möglichkeiten einer kognitiv-orientierten Diskursanalyse

80%

Plitt R. T.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2021

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issue 20

249-259

EN

In the past five to ten years, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have made a noticeable contribution to art. Literature, music and painting are among the fields that are most influenced by algorithmic applications and (humanoid) robot systems. On the surface, the discourse accompanying these developments has a polarizing touch being typical for innovation debates. With this in mind, the question arises as to which subtle aspects of meaning structure the discourse on art and AI. Discrete aspects of meaning may be indicators of changes going on in the field of art. This study shows how a cognitively oriented linguistic discourse analysis can contribute to the examination of a currently relevant field of discourse, as well as to the identification of frames that shape this discourse. The aim of this article is to use an exploratory approach to outline the concept of ‘creative’, respectively ‘creating’ and to determine potential shifts in meaning. Frame semantics and FrameNet serve as the theoretical and analytical framework. Based on a 230,655-token large and thematically relevant corpus, the realized semantic roles of the verb ‘create’, respectively the CREATE frame are determined and quantitatively evaluated. By comparing the number of the concrete realizations of roles against the data obtained from a reference corpus, it is possible to identify discourse-specific aspects of meaning in the art/ AI discourse. The analysis shows that the biggest differences between the focus and reference corpus concern the realization of the frame elements INSTRUMENT and PURPOSE. Whereas the INSTRU- MENT role is more often explicated in the focus corpus than in the reference corpus, the opposite effect applies to the PURPOSE role. The unmentioned purpose (role) in the examined focus data can indicate a certain novel character of AI-generated art. The results of the analysis of the INSTRUMENT role in the focus corpus, on the other hand, indicate that the instrument or tool – which is often used to refer to AI - represents an important aspect of meaning in the artistic process of creation. With the help of the theoretical and analytical instruments of cognitive discourse analysis, this contribution detects the non-obvious semantic fixations and changes in the current conceptualization of the art/ AI interface.

7

Obserwacje spontanicznego wykorzystania komputerowego narzędzia przeznaczonego do samodzielnego eksploracyjnego zdobywania wiedzy na temat sieci neuronowych

80%

Tafeusiewicz R.

Dydaktyka informatyki

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2012

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vol. 7

91-108

PL

Artykuł analizuje zachowania użytkowników zasobów e-learningowych w sytuacji, gdy korzystają oni z oferty uczenia się zagadnień, które wprawdzie wzbogacą ich intelektualnie, ale nie dadzą żadnych wymiernych korzyści. Wskazana okoliczność odróżnia badania opisane w tej pracy od licznych badań relacjonowanych w literaturze, w których każdorazowo badano zachowania uczniów lub studentów, którzy byli formalnie zapisani na jakiś kurs i mogli się uczyć korzystając z zasobów e-learningowych kiedy chcieli i gdzie chcieli – ale uczyć się musieli. Tymczasem badani w tej pracy użytkownicy otwartych zasobów e-learningowych nie podlegają żadnemu systemowi przymusu. Opierając się na trwających cztery lata obserwacjach zachowań internautów wykorzystujących stworzony przez autora zasób edukacyjny podjęto w prezentowanej pracy próbę zaproponowania całościowego modelu sposobu użytkowania takich otwartych zasobów wiedzy w opisanych wyżej warunkach oraz przedstawiono wnioski dotyczące przyszłościowych form spontanicznego uczenia się użytkowników otwartych zasobów e-learningowych między innymi w kontekście hasła life-long learning.

EN

The main goal of the paper is presentation and discussion of behavior of the users of e-learning open resources. The research is related to e-learning materials presenting area of knowledge not connected with any kind of formal exams or skills certifications. Moreover offered and learned knowledge is not connected directly with any profits, and learning process is devoted to increase of student intellectual abilities only. This is the main difference between results quoted in this paper and results related in many existing papers and books, where always was observed behavior of students using e-learning resources for acquisition of knowledge which was obligatory for this students. It means we have information about students who can learn at any time and at any time – but must learn indeed. People observed in research presented in this paper nothing has learn – but they will learn without any forms of formal pressure forced learning activity. Over four year observation of the users of given e-learning resources forms the basis for proposed in paper model of such users. Proposed model of the average user of open e-learning resources behavior, can be very interesting and useful in context of life-long-learning watchword.

8

Jeszcze raz o ucieleśnionej sztucznej inteligencji

80%

Sarosiek A.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2017

|

issue 63

231-240

EN

Book review of: Vincent C. Müller (ed.), Fundamental issues of artificial intelligence, Springer International Publishing AG, 2016, pp. 570.

PL

Recenzja książki: Vincent C. Müller (red.), Fundamental issues of artificial intelligence, Springer International Publishing AG, 2016, ss. 570.

9

Poszukiwanie unijnych standardów sztucznej inteligencji

80%

Sobczak J., Kakareko K., Gołda-Sobczak M.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2023

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vol. 9

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issue 1

243-275

EN

Cybersecurity is closely related to the issue of artificial intelligence. The starting point for its presentation in the EU perspective seems to be the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions entitled „Artificial Intelligence for Europe”. This communication was preceded by the European Economic and Social Committee’s own-initiative opinion „Artificial intelligence: the impact of artificial intelligence on the (digital) single market, production, consumption, employment and society”. In the body of this opinion, the European Economic and Social Committee concluded that there is no single accepted and rigid definition of artificial intelligence.

10

Wyszukiwanie obiektów o podobnych cechach w bazie danych z wykorzystaniem sztucznej inteligencji

80%

Wołoszyn J.

Dydaktyka informatyki

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2018

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vol. (13) 2018

153-158

PL

Artykuł ten przedstawia proces tworzenia systemu rekomendującego obiekty z pól rekordów bazy danych o zbliżonych cechach podobieństwa do wybranych cech obiektu wzorcowego. W bu-dowie wykorzystano algorytm K najbliższych sąsiadów, który często jest wykorzystywany do tworzenia systemów klasyfikacji.

EN

This article presents the process of creating a system that recommends objects from database records fields with similar selected features similar to the features of a reference object. The K algorithm of the nearest neighbors was used in the construction, which is often used to create classification systems.

11

Administrative Decisions in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

80%

Pszczyński M.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

|

2020

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vol. 11

253-271

EN

The rapid development of cybernetics allows the use of artificial intelligence in many areas of social and economic life. The State can also harness algorithms and machine learning for its actions. Automatic decision making should be one of the stages in the development and improvement of public administration. While it is easy to implement these solutions in the case of related decisions, decisions made under administrative discretion, general clauses or valuation standards pose a challenge. The correct transformation of paper-based public administration into automatic public administration requires a change in decision makers’ thinking, the introduction of new solutions, and building trust in artificial intelligence. Therefore, new solutions have to be built in accordance with the principles of transparency, accountability, equality, goodness and justice. Artificial intelligence making automatic decisions on behalf of the State must be a tool to support the execution of public tasks concerning citizens which is based on trust towards AI and public administration.

12

Logistyczne systemy informatyczne wykorzystujące sztuczną inteligencję w branży motoryzacyjnej

80%

Stawiarska E.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

|

2016

|

vol. nr 4

101--119

PL

Artykuł podzielono na rozdziały zawierające opisy działania inteligentnych systemów wspomagających/zastępujących pracę logistyka w systemach zaopatrzenia, produkcji, dystrybucji oraz w integrujących się metasystemach. Do każdego z rozdziałów przygotowano podstawowe definicje oraz przykłady firm, które wykorzystują sztuczną inteligencję. W rozdziale pierwszym opisano firmę TRW Automotive – firma zarządza procesami produkcyjnymi z zastosowaniem AI (Artificial Intelligenss) opartej na koncepcji Six Sigma. W rozdziale drugim opisano możliwość pobierania nieustrukturalizowanych danych do zintegrowanych systemów zarządzania klasy ERP (z wykorzystaniem techniki ETL) w firmie General Motors. Również w rozdziale drugim zaprezentowano funkcje bota ALICE wspomagającego zarządzanie łańcuchami logistycznymi. Rozdział trzeci poświęcony jest AI wykorzystywanej w motoryzacyjnych sieciach dystrybucji marki BMW. Omówiono koncepcję Internetu rzeczy i działanie becon-ów. Czwarty rozdział poświęcony jest sztucznej inteligencji wspomagającej powoływanie i koordynowanie dynamicznych sieci dostaw, wykorzystującej oprogramowanie stworzone na podstawie teorii CAS (Złożonych Systemów Adaptacyjnych – Complex Adaptive Systems). Przewodnim celem artykułu było pokazanie trendów w rozwoju AI na potrzeby zarządzania logistyką w organizacji i sieci współpracujących przedsiębiorstw.

EN

The article consists of four chapters: Intelligent systems in production logistics; Intelligent transport logistics in supply chain management; Intelligent logistics and transportation management supporting distribution system; Intelligent systems supporting organizing and coordinating the work of the dynamic supply network. In each of the chapters there is the theory part and examples of companies that use artificial intelligence. In the first chapter the TRW Automotive Company was described, which manages production processes using Artificial Intelligence (AI) based on the concept of Six Sigma. In the second chapter the ability to retrieve unstructured data to integrated management systems e.g. ERP (using techniques ETL), was described based on the practice at General Motors. Also in the second chapter the ALICE bot functions supporting the management of logistics chains was presented. The third chapter is devoted to AI used in the automotive distribution networks of the BMW brand. As well as the concept of the Internet of Things and operation of the beacon technology was discussed. The fourth chapter is devoted to artificial intelligence supporting the establishment and coordination of the dynamic supply network, using software developed based on the theory of CAS (Complex Adaptive Systems). The aim of this article was to show trends in the development of AI to manage logistics in the organization and a network of cooperating companies.

13

The road to conscious machines: AI through failed ideas

80%

Krzanowski R.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2021

|

issue 70

171-181

EN

Presented here is a review of the book by Michael Wooldridge The Road to Conscious Machines: The Story of AI. The book was published in 2021 by Pelican Publishing Company. The book presents a philosophical exploration of the AI-related quest to understand the essence of our minds, ethics, and consciousness. Nonetheless, the book is unconventional as it focuses on failures of past AI programs rather than on AI success stories. The author also indicates the possible pathways to develop new, more efficient AI paradigms. The short technical section at the end of the book offers more in-depth information on topics like Prolog, Bayesian, and deep neural networks.

14

Wykorzystanie techniki AdaBoost w modelach opartych na regresji z wykorzystaniem sztucznej inteligencji

80%

Wołoszyn J.

Dydaktyka informatyki

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2019

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vol. 14

162-169

PL

Artykuł opisuje wykorzystanie sztucznej inteligencji w obliczeniach regresyjnych. Modele zbudowane w sposób tradycyjny oparte na klasycznych założeniach dostarczają możliwie precy-zyjnych informacji. Sam proces budowy modelu opiera się na wstępnym wyborze zmiennych wykorzystanych do jego tworzenia. Umiejętna selekcja zmiennych ma istotny wpływ na uzyskane parametry. Wykorzystując rozwiązanie przedstawione w tej pracy otrzymujemy model ze wstępnie dobranym optymalnym zbiorem treningowym. W kolejnych rozdziałach omówiono istotę analityki predykcyjnej, proces uczenia maszyno-wego, budowę drzewa decyzyjnego, pokazano przykład regresji wykorzystującego AdaBoost.

EN

This article describes the use of artificial intelligence in regression calculations. Models built in a traditional manner based on classical assumptions provide the most precise information possi-ble. The model building process itself is based on the initial selection of variables used to create it. Skillful selection of variables has a significant impact on the obtained parameters. Using the solu-tion presented in this work, we get a model with a pre-selected optimal training set. The following chapters discuss the essence of predictive analytics, the machine learning pro-cess, the construction of a decision tree, an example of regression using AdaBoost.

15

Optimisation model for a chain logistics problem involving chilled food under conditions of uncertainty

80%

TAGHINEZHAD Y.

Operations Research and Decisions

|

2019

|

vol. 29

|

issue 2

103-116

EN

In the last two decades, food safety has become one of the main concerns in the area of logistics and supply chain management and also in the refrigeration or freezing of goods. Safety is a critically sensitive area in this field, as if the required safety conditions are not satisfied during the logistics process, foods will soon deteriorate and probably become unsafe for consumption by customers. Thus, the problem of ensuring the safety of chilled food has received serious attention among logistics practitioners. However, because of the complex nature of such problems, research so far has been limited to quantitative models with deterministic parameters and the robustness of the results from such models should be examined. In this paper, a robust optimisation model has been developed with the aim of optimising food safety aspects and thus minimising the logistics cost of a chilled chain system under various types of uncertainty and constraints on customers’ time windows. Realizations of the model are solved by an algorithm based on artificial bee colony intelligence using MATLAB R2016a software. Finally, the results are analysed for possible real world considerations in order to propose some key practical highlights.

16

Smart Home and Artificial Intelligence as Environment for the Implementation of New Technologies

80%

Kopytko V., Shevchuk L., Yankovska L., Semchuk Z., Strilchuk R.

Path of Science

|

2018

|

vol. 4

|

issue 9

2007-2012

EN

The technologies of a smart home and artificial intelligence (AI) are now inextricably linked. The perception and consideration of these technologies as a single system will make it possible to significantly simplify the approach to their study, design and implementation. The introduction of AI in managing the infrastructure of a smart home is a process of irreversible close future at the level with personal assistants and autopilots. It is extremely important to standardize, create and follow the typical models of information gathering and device management in a smart home, which should lead in the future to create a data analysis model and decision making through the software implementation of a specialized AI. AI techniques such as multi-agent systems, neural networks, fuzzy logic will form the basis for the functioning of a smart home in the future. The problems of diversity of data and models and the absence of centralized popular team decisions in this area significantly slow down further development. A big problem is a low percentage of open source data and code in the smart home and the AI when the research results are mostly unpublished and difficult to reproduce and implement independently. The proposed ways of finding solutions to models and standards can significantly accelerate the development of specialized AIs to manage a smart home and create an environment for the emergence of native innovative solutions based on analysis of data from sensors collected by monitoring systems of smart home. Particular attention should be paid to the search for resource savings and the profit from surpluses that will push for the development of these technologies and the transition from a level of prospect to technology exchange and the acquisition of benefits.

17

Various perspectives of labor and human resources challenges and changes due to automation and artificial intelligence.

80%

Bayón Pérez J., Arenas Falótico A. J.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

|

2019

|

issue 20

106-118

EN

The constant technological changes and its impact in the labor force are causing a domino effect that can change corporate culture, laws and workers in upcoming years. The importance of Artificial Intelligence for companies is also a mayor subject that may cause conflicts among cities around the world. Seasonal workers, 24 hours contracts, and informal methods of employments are reducing the possibilities of collective agreements and job satisfaction. Consequently, the so-called “Information Society”, labor modifications and role transformations have played a key role and have had an ascending evolution. There are different jobs that have been relegated to a substantial change in different industries due to all the information technology advances and robotics innovations. This process will increase in upcoming decades by establishing new types of jobs to sustain this changing economy. The controversy starts when this “macro” and “micro” vision collide with those people who have been dismissed due to the automation process. Because of the facts mentioned and current market trends, we can confirm that digital changes and transformations will continue to increase.

18

Artificial Intelligence and Discretionary Decisions. The Triumph or Loss of Commander Pirx?

80%

Dubiński Ł.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

|

2021

|

vol. 13

199-213

EN

The aim of the considerations is to determine whether artificial intelligence units can take the place of humans in administrative proceedings ending with the issuance of discretionary decisions. The author starts from presenting the essence of discretionary decisions and guide the scope of judicial control over them. The presented considerations relate primarily to the potential placement of such devices in the “administrative justice system” that can be defined as artificial intelligence units in the strict sense. Therefore, this concerns devices for which human intervention is usually limited to switching on and technical supervision. However, the considerations can also be applied to such devices where human interference in their operation is slightly greater. It should be emphasized, however, that it this does not concern devices that are fully or almost fully controlled by humans.

19

Umelá inteligencia, jej využívanie a trestnoprávna zodpovednosť - výzvy, problémy a možné riešenia

80%

Vojtuš F., Kordík M., Dražová P.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2023

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vol. 162

|

issue 6

549-570

EN

The paper deals with the problems related to the legal definition of artificial intelligence and at the same time with the issues related to the criminal liability for actions in which artificial intelligence or systems containing it are involved to varying degrees. In this context, artificial intelligence is a key element in the direction of the development of autonomous vehicles.

20

A Novel Digital Service Taxation & Sustainability Legal Framework Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Subsea Cable Data Transmissions

80%

Katterbauer K.

Financial Law Review

|

2022

|

vol. 25

|

issue 1

146-157

EN

The digital economy has led to massive changes in the economy and international trading, where user data have become the cornerstone of new business models. Digital services have become transformational and led to significant revenue generation for these corporations. However, there is a growing perception amongst individuals and governments that these digital services are not taxed fairly, given the ability of companies to shift profits between different countries. Digital service taxes have recently become very attractive and implemented in a variety of countries, but significant challenges remain. Artificial intelligence has become an attractive way of determining patterns across data and has been increasingly utilized in legal environments. I will outline a new legal framework for the integration of artificial intelligence for the determination of digital service taxes and outline the integration of subsea cable communication data into the framework. Furthermore, I will address the legal environmental challenges, specifically related to the South China Sea, and how cost associated with can be incorporated into the digital service tax environment.

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