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EN
Is reality a ‘Ready-Made World’ or an entity constructed by individuals and social activity? The concept of the environment seems to be the boundary that clearly shows how we can simultaneously adhere to our apparently contradictory intuitions— that is, those about the external and autonomous features of reality independent of human intervention, and those about its undeniably constructed character. The environment, then, seems to be a concept that shows how non-epistemic and epistemic notions of reality (i.e. respectively seeing reality as independent from and dependent on us) can be understood cohesively.
EN
The paper focuses on the mapping out of the current eco-critical discourse in drama and theatre. The theoretical approach examines models, productions, and various forms of performance with regard to the reflection on the impact of human activity on the environment. Current approaches make it possible. Inter alia, to give prominence to works dealing with the relationship between man and his natural environment which, until recently, have been overlook. There are various methods to analyse a work through ecological narrative, yet, there are simple tools that facilitate this work. Among these tools is the questionnaire of the American theatrologist Theresa J. May entitled Some Green Questions to Ask a Play. This theoretical tool was employed in the analysis of the play Margaret zo zámku [Margaret from the Castle] by the Slovak playwright Štefan Králik. One of his last plays, which have not resonated particularly well with the critique, seems to be a key contribution to the Slovak so-called eco-dramaturgy. At the same time, the study raises the question of the perception of ecologically committed plays originating in the Eastern Bloc countries and burdened with the ideology of their time. This is a specific situation that the eco-critically oriented researchers in Western countries have not been confronted with, and at the same time, it poses a challenge to the whole Eastern ecocriticism.
EN
This study, which is part of a Moscow longitudinal twin project, aims to explore genetic and environmental contributions to inter-individual variability of temperamental traits in adolescence on the basis of a Russian sample. 85 monozygotic (MZ) and 64 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 12 to 14 completed the children's version of the Rusalov Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (C-STQ). The results of model-fitting analyses indicate considerable hereditary determination of individual differences in 3 out of the 8 C-STQ dimensions - Social tempo, Object-related emotional sensitivity, and Social emotional sensitivity. Non-shared environmental effects explained the rest of the total variance in these dimensions. Individual differences in the remaining STQ dimensions were due to environmental factors.
EN
The authors studied the performance of the Hungarian environmental authorities during its transformation period between 2003 and 2006. The effects of the changes and the parallel staff cuts were estimated through official data demands and interviews. The correspondence to the legal obligations in the publicity of information of public interest was also evaluated. According to our results, the Hungarian environmental institutions were underfinanced even before the reforms and needed considerable reinforcement. The structural transformation was unavoidable because of the EU's expectations and its conception could be successful. However, being unfinished, it resulted in an unclear structure of the authorities what made co-operation problematic for the official bodies. There is a lack of field knowledge and field presence of the authorities; its conditions were not ensured in the new system. Instead of being reinforced, staff cuts and a considerable reduction of financial resources were carried out at the authorities. As a result the level of their work decreased in the period studied, authorization became more and more permissive, controls and punitive sanctions got scarcer. Some areas (e.g. nature conservation) can represent their interest decreasingly in the new model. During the reforms there was no widespread monitoring and the ex post evaluation of the reforms by the government is totally missing. Also producing data for such an evaluation by the authorities could be problematic, because their reports are not made in a consistent structure and are incomparable. The same is the situation in the case of the publicity of the information of public interest, where correspondence to the legal obligations (e.g. Act on electronic publicity) is weak. Altogether, the authors propose the reinforcement of the financial and human resources, to clearly transfer all the authority functions to the new environmental authorities and to create a situation in the publicity of the information of public interest that meets the legal requirements.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2016
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vol. 20
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issue 1
262 – 281
EN
Following paper presents the ethnological aspects concerning the everyday life and functioning of rural schools on example of Liptovská Teplička (distr. Poprad). The school is perceived not only as an important institution providing educational functions, but also as a significant factor intervening in everyday life and culture of pupils, their families and the whole rural community. The author focuses on reflection of some selected moments from everyday school life during a post-war period in Czechoslovakia when the new socio-political system was established (1945 – 1956). The main sources of the article are local school chronicles, partly supplemented by qualitative data obtained through ethnological field research in this village.
EN
The familial occurence of alcoholism has been known for many years. Approximatly 50-60% of individual differences in risk for alcoholism is genetic, and this proportion is approximately equal in man and woman. The goal of this article is to review the current status in the search for 'candidate genes' for alcohol dependence. There are three basic approaches to identifying important genes. First, one can target genes based on their presumed importance in influencing alcohol sensitivity. The targeted gene can be overexpressed, underexpressed, or disrupted to the extent that its functionis ablated (a gene knock-out). Second, one can seek genes that are identified as important because they are differentially expressed. Third, one can seek variations in the sequence of genes that are associated with alcohol sensitivity. The first approach can only be attempted using genetic animal models. Each approach will be reviewed, with an emphasis on the second and third. The examples of statistical measures will be present, the differences between family designed studies and association studies in compare to unrelated healthy volunteers will be discussed.
EN
It is proposed methodological and practical approaches to the stimulation of regional SD implementation. Author proposed to decrease income taxes and compensate them through the increase of ecological taxes. It was expected that smaller income taxes and larger pollution payments would stimulate usage of recourse saving equipment and positively influence on regional economic growth. The research showed that 3% income tax decrease would require the 5-6 times increase in pollution payments.
ESPES
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2015
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vol. 4
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issue 2
10 – 15
EN
The title of the paper is the allusion to an article by Richard Shusterman. In the text, I try to explore in the similar strategy the current state of aesthetic experience. Starting from The End of Aesthetic Experience I follow the notion of aesthetic experience which "will be strengthened and preserved the more it is experienced; it will be more experienced the more we are directed to such experience; and one good way of directing us to such experience is fuller recognition of its importance and richness through greater attention to the concept of aesthetic experience". Is the somaesthetics became the answer to the loss of interest in aesthetic experience? The answer lies partly in examining the relationship between aesthetic experience and aesthetics of environment and everyday aesthetics, which further analysis of the notion pointed Shusterman himself. The result of research leads us to renewed role of aesthetic experience in contemporary aesthetics beyond the aesthetics (or philosophy) of art.
ESPES
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2017
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vol. 6
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issue 2
30 – 39
EN
In order to develop environmental aesthetics, Berleant takes environment as an aesthetic paradigm. His understanding of the nature of environment decides the nature of his aesthetics of engagement, which emphasizes experiential continuity and rejects the separation between subject and object. Based on these ideas, he criticizes Kant’s core idea of disinterestedness in his series of books. Berleant’s environmental aesthetics has a significant impact on eco-aesthetics in China. However, Berleant’s criticism of Kant’s core idea of disinterestedness is a misunderstanding and his conception of environment is not fundamentally sound. The future of eco-aesthetics is taking ecosystem not environment as a new aesthetic paradigm.
EN
The study represents a probe into the issue of conceptualisation of environmental history in Slovakia based on a research of Slovak and foreign literature. Chronological aspect emphasizes the period of the end of the Middle Ages and the Modern Period. An overview of the process of formation and development of the environmental history is complemented with the characteristics of the discipline from the most significant representatives in the field. The study also deals with the meta-theoretical and theoretical-methodological aspects of the study of the relations between man and the environment in the past.
EN
Regression analyses of EQLS 2012 data confirmed that the risk evaluation is determined by many factors. On the basis of results gained it is possible to conclude, that the most important predictor of person’s perceived risk from crime, violence or vandalism in the immediate neighbourhood is predicated on other perceived problems with the quality of environment in the area where they live. Precision of the prediction is higher, when the individual at the same time perceives social exclusion, evaluates the quality of his/her housing negatively, or if in comparison with others judges financial situation of his/her household as worse, and when they see his/her life perspective negatively (life satisfaction, happiness, well-being). Lastly, the effect of prediction supplement the group of variables, which we described as an examination of personal prosperity (tightness, subjective health, mood) and its social context (trust to people, institutions, perceived tension between social groups in society).
EN
The investment demand of the economic growth rate in Hungary is a starting point for estimating growth potential. Data for 1991-2001 as such suggest a sustainable growth rate of about 4.5 per cent. The realistically expectable rate will be much lower, as it is essential to modernize the infrastructure and alter the agricultural structure, while increasing environmental investment and overhauling education and the health service. Future contributions from foreign funds will be smaller than they were in the second half of the 1990s. The proportion of net savings by households will also ease. A fall in the calculable macro-level efficiency of investment will coincide with a reduction in the funds available for investment. These factors may be offset only partly by the resource-increasing and efficiency-improving effects of EU accession, so that the longer-term, sustainable growth rate can hardly exceed 3.0-3.5 per cent. Even that will be attainable only if the post-accession advantages provided by the EU are well utilized, if reforms are carried out in the great distribution systems and the growth is investment and export-led. Catching up with the EU average will take much longer than politicians had hoped, but the 3.0-3.5 per cent growth still counts as fast, although it will only be attained if unhampered by disputes over domestic political power.
EN
In article actual problems of a regional environmental government by means of ecologic-economic methods of regulation are analyzed. Perspective approaches to ecologization of economic-industrial sphere in the Russian locales in the conditions of an sustainable economy development are offered.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 4
334 – 342
EN
The essay describes the various opportunities when to use the world timeliness. It understands topicality as an attribute that has arbitrary interpretation and is used with arbitrary meaning. He asks what factual reasons philosophy has if it is called actual. The main link is the devastation of the natural environment, which brings enormous and risky environmental consequences.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 7
520-532
EN
The submitted study tries to map the recent developments of values compatible with the sustainable way of living problematic from both Czech, Slovak and thinkers from abroad perspectives in the wider framework of relevant international activities. Values compatible with a sustainable way of living are a set of values, the implementation of which promote the shift towards sustainable future. These values are not completely new. Just the opposite. They create the core of the common heritage of humankind, since the oldest religious cultures. The majority of political and intellectual leaders around the world acknowledge concept of sustainable development/sustainable living as the most important tool for protecting the biosphere and for securing reasonable development for the future.
EN
The study introduces unique research results on the topic of artistically gifted and talented children and young people, and their interactions with the environment and exhibitions of Slovak galleries. Artistically gifted teenagers (N = 32) from different regions of Slovakia participated in the research. Based on the research results, we consider the gallery environment stimulating for artistic talent of a person in a specific way. The authors of the study confirmed that in the observed group of artistically gifted teenagers, their artistic talent was positively impacted. Progress was captured in specific components of artistic expression (imagination, fantasy and creativity), which was identified as direct influence of visiting galleries.
EN
The article deals with the theoretical and methodological basis of the complex evaluation of further mineral deposits development appropriateness taking into consideration mining enterprises and with obligatory compliance of the environmental requirements and rational use of nature resources.
EN
The paper discusses ecological taxes in the Polish fiscal system. The author attempts to identify those taxes, in line with the accepted definition, levied on an occurrence or object that impacts the environment in a negative way. Currently in Poland there are four ecological taxes in force: an excise duty on various consumer goods that are harmful to the environment, a tax on various means of transport, a forest tax and a rural tax. The excise duty is imposed on energy products such as petrol, diesel oil, fuel oil, liquid gas, natural gas and the like, ad also on personal cars. The ecological taxes under consideration are characterised and analysed in terms of their size.
EN
It is analyzed the most well-known methods that are used in assessing the economic damage from environmental degradation. It is also found that the currently existing methods have many shortcomings that require improvement and development of new approaches.
EN
As much as can be expected scientific and exact approach in handling of the technical problems, the same it should be obvious in solving environmental problems too. However, in handling the social problems there are sometimes 'non-professional' procedures, with strong accent of subjective decisions. This issue is bold not only on the 'high-level politics' but also in administration, which is very often non-adequately slow and cumbrous. The contribution constitutes one of the possible approaches to the support of the decision making processes within creating and protection of the environment.
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