Search results - CEJSH

1

Effect of the integration into Global Value Chains on the employment contract in Central and Eastern European countries

100%

Nikulin D., Szymczak S.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2020

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vol. 15

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issue 2

275-294

EN

Research background: In the era of globalization, there is a need to address decent work deficits in Global Value Chains (GVCs). The forms of working conditions reveal a broad dispersion of contents. The literature review exposes hardly any Europe-focused research assessing the socio-economic impact of global production links and going beyond their pure economic effects assessed in terms of employment, productivity or wages. Purpose of the article: This paper investigates how involvement in GVCs affects labor standards. In particular, we assess how the integration into GVCs impacts the probability of having indefinite type of employment contract, which stands for one of the decent work indicator. Moreover, we draw individual and firm-level characteristics determining the type of employment contract. Methods: We use linked employer-employee data from the Structure of Earnings Survey merged with industry-level statistics on GVCs based on World Input-Output Database ? the sample is composed of over 5 million workers from 10 Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) observed in 2014. The involvement into GVCs is measured using a novel approach based on the concepts of global import intensity (GII). We employ logistic regression with robust standard errors. Findings & Value added: Controlling for individual and firm-level characteristics (sex, age, education level, length of service in enterprise, size of the enterprise) we find that greater integration into GVCs increases the probability of having temporary type of employment contact, mainly in tradable sectors. However, across CEE countries the relation between GVC and employment type is mixed. In this way we expand the existing literature by reporting the effects of GVCs on labor standards in CEEC.

2

The Quality of Working Conditions in Rural Areas in the Opinion of Workers and Their Superiors Using the Example Wood Processing Plants (Case Study)

100%

Polek-Duraj K.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 3

323-336

EN

The article attempts to characterize working conditions in wood processing plants located in the rural areas of the Opole region, taking into account the opinion of employees and their supervisors. The analysis of working conditions was made on the basis of key factors. Particular attention was paid to organizational and technical as well as to economic working conditions. The first area is focused on the factors of the work environment and work organization, while the second area is focused on employment conditions.

3

The End of the Chinese. Labour Market as We Know It

100%

Gardawski S.

Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology

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2012

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vol. 3

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issue 6

47-54

EN

This paper provides a concise account of the field research conducted among public and private sector managers and entrepreneurs in the continental China. The author shares his personal experiences accumulated over several years through direct contacts and interactions with the Chinese business community, which as he explains is very diverse in their social, educational, professional background, as well as their attitudes and behaviour. The experiences are reinforced by the series of loosely structured face-to-face interviews the author completed with his Chinese business partners in the spring of 2012.

4

Working Conditions and Satisfaction of Transport Service Employees

100%

Wawer E.

Central European Economic Journal

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2020

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vol. 7

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issue 54

EN

The transition of the Polish economy has brought about profound changes in the nature of contracts between employees and employers. These changes have been affected by the process of globalisation and dynamic technological progress. In particular, the characteristics of the contracts and the work itself have changed, which has affected the utility derived from employment by employees. The article attempts to identify the factors providing job satisfaction using the example of railway service employees. In particular, factors such as the position held, levels of tension and stress at work, level of autonomy, opportunities for personal development, the level of accordance between employees’ skills and job requirements, convenient working hours, length of vacation and the level of social respect enjoyed are important. In the study, an innovative discrete choice experiment method and econometric analysis were used to make a comprehensive examination of the factors providing satisfaction to transport service employees. Conclusions from the study indicate that although remuneration is an important element influencing job satisfaction, other non-wage factors also affect the satisfaction. The most important factors include managerial position, opportunities for personal development and the level of social respect related to the given occupation/position.

5

Kultura zaufania w relacji firma – pracownik

100%

Młokosiewicz M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2015

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vol. 18

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issue 3

EN

A culture of trust leads to better use of knowledge and human skills, so important in an economy based on knowledge, innovation and change. Polish society is characterized by a culture of distrust, and this atmosphere translates into interpersonal relationships in companies. The challenge is therefore to recognize the conditions for building and strengthening organizational trust. Trust is related to personal reliability, which means respecting moral norms and the rights of others. Focusing on the company-employee relationship, in this paper the author has set herself the goal of recognising how – in the context of ethical standards – the culture of trust is shaped in companies in Poland. The introductory – theoretical – part of the study looks at the role of trust in the functioning of an organization. The empirical part includes the available research on moral standards and trust in Polish enterprises. The summary points to the conclusions of the analysis undertaken.

6

Working conditions and duties of school pedagogues in the light of their statements

100%

Bogumiła B.

Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

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2018

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vol. 575

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issue 10

11-24

EN

The article concerns the profession of a school pedagogue, his/her duties and factors determining their implementation. The article is of research nature, refers to the results of pilot diagnostic studies. Presents research assumptions and research results arranged in the following areas: working conditions, duties of a school pedagogue, forms of pedagogical assistance in working with students, parents and teachers, factors determining the model of the school pedagogue work and individual characteristics important in the pedagogue’s profession. Described analyses are the basis for formulating the conclusions in the final part of the article.

7

Audiosfera środowiska pracy w przestrzeni biurowej na planie otwartym. Wyniki zwiadu badawczego

88%

Mizera-Pęczek P.

e-mentor

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2021

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issue 2 (89)

57-66

EN

Organizations differ in terms of the soundscapes they shape. The workplace soundscape, i.e., the sound environment of the employee, is not only an element of organizational culture, but above all, insufficiently recognized by organizational and management researchers, a tool for stimulating or inhibiting the activity of employees. In the light of the issues outlined in this way, the article deals with the characteristics of the soundscape in an open-plan office space, which is specific due to the potential number of various sound sources spreading in the work environment without clear acoustic barriers. The aim of the article is to discuss examples of the functioning of employees in a specific sound environment and to indicate the proposed research directions on the soundscape of the workplace in an open plan office. The article is theoretical and empirical. The research interview included an analysis of the literature on the soundscape of various workspaces, an analysis of the content obtained from employees' statements on social media about the sounds that accompany their work, and an analysis of interviews with employees of the real estate service department of one of Polish corporations about the soundscape of the office space they manage. The survey shows that the workplace soundscape is not the only a matter of the employees' sense of aesthetics. Studying the sounds of work can be both an impulse for in-depth research on the organizational climate and a starting point for creating workspace management programs.

8

Consequences of sickness presence and sickness absence on health and work ability: A Swedish prospective cohort study

88%

Gustafsson K., Marklund S.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2011

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vol. 24

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issue 2

153-165

EN

Objective: To determine whether self-reported sickness presence (SP) and self-reported sickness absence (SA) are specific risk factors for future health problems or reduced work ability in the active workforce. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of a cohort based on a random sample (n = 2181) with data for 2004, 2005, and 2006. The subjects were employees aged from 25 to 50 years in 2004. Cross-tabulations were calculated to identify significant background factors (sex, age, education, socioeconomic position), work factors (work demands, control, adjustment latitude), and outcome factors. Block-wise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed for outcome factors (SP, SA, self-rated health, physical complaints, work ability, mental well-being). Results: SA and SP were found to have negative health consequences; this was particularly pronounced for those with frequent SP or SA. There was a dose-response relationship between the degree of SA, SP and the different health outcomes. The health risks remained, after control for background factors, prior working conditions and initial health. SP also appeared to lead to SA, whereas SA did not have a significant impact on future SP. Conclusions: The results suggest that both SP and SA are strong predictors of future poor health, physical complaints, low mental well-being and low work ability. The detrimental influence of frequent SP was most pronounced in relation to work ability and physical complaints, although all of the measured health factors were affected. The negative effects of SA on the different health outcomes were similar.

9

Práce za pokladnou : flexibilní organizace v supermarketech a prekarizace práce

88%

Bek T.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2019

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vol. 55

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issue 1

61-86

EN

Research on precarious work and the working conditions of lowwage workers often stresses the role of the labour market or state institutions in either creating or exacerbating already precarious working conditions. However, it often ignores their organisational aspects. At the same time, in organisation studies there is a large body of literature that focuses on internal organisational structures but disregards working conditions. This article is based on a case study of supermarket cashiers and deals with the flexibilisation of their work. Firms use two forms of flexibility as a cost-cutting strategy: numerical and functional flexibility. Numerical flexibility divides workers into different groups according to their work contract. This enables firms to employ as much labour as they need at a particular point in time. In effect firms reduce the number of employees while intensifying the work of the employees they retain. In the case of functional flexibility the duties and responsibilities attached to a job are redefined. In this respect, I show that the duties of the cashiers in my case study are increased beyond the scope of tasks traditionally attached to this occupation and head towards the model of a universal worker. This shift leads to a decline in qualifications that, combined with technological changes, results in the degradation of work. As a result, flexibilisation processes deepen existing asymmetries in employer-employee relationships and thereby enable firms to transfer a significant amount of market risk onto the shoulders of workers. Moreover, the negotiating position of workers remains weak and their wages low.

10

The Perspectives of People With Disabilities on the Characteristics and Conditions Remote Work: The Thematic and Dual Sentiment Analysis

88%

Pollak A., Ślazyk-Sobol M., Rusin I., Klich M., Lis T., Dobrowolska M.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2023

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vol. 26

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issue 4

353-377

EN

Remote work issues for disabled people are still poorly understood. Due to the high unemployment rate among disabled people, analysis, and solutions to increase access to work are necessary. Remote workers must deal with space, time, and the blurring of boundaries between home and work life. Remote contact also weakens management-coworker relationships, reducing workplace support and professional development. The aim of the paper was to collect opinions on remote work based on interviews with 15 people with disabilities. Their opinions expressed their experience with the reality in which they function. Dual Sentiment Analysis was used with a dedicated qualitative analysis tool (QDA MINER). The respondents mainly described remote work as having good working conditions at home and being satisfied with less contact with others. Our findings suggest that organizing remote work for people with disabilities in a highly individualized way that takes into account their disabilities, job functions, and complex emotional responses can improve job satisfaction and the work environment. Remote work reduces social contact, which reduces stress and boosts job satisfaction for disabled people.

11

Psychosocial Working Conditions of Teachers in Primary Schools (Case Study)

88%

Polek-Duraj K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie

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2024

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vol. I

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issue 53

84-92

EN

The material environment is an integral part of the working conditions and plays an important role in the life of each employee since it affects their life and professional activity. This is due to the close relationship between the level and quality of work, which is one of the fundamental elements that generate the overall quality of life. The work environment is stimulating because it directs and organizes human activity. It has a relative meaning because it refers to a specific entity. In any working environment, there are a variety of psychosocial factors that determine its level and are constantly changing under the influence of new technologies and changing economic, social, and demographic conditions. The article presents psychosocial working conditions and their influence on its functioning on the basis of a selected occupational group.

12

Czech journalists in the 21st century: who are they?

88%

Nĕmcová Tejkalová A., Láb F.

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

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2016

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issue 2

15-35

EN

Who are Czech journalists and what do they do? Based on data from 291 interviews with Czech journalists working in the news media at various levels between 2012 and 2014, for the Worlds of Journalism Study (www.worldsofjournalism.org), the paper introduces for the first time an overview of the most important results of the Czech part of the study. We present an analysis of the data on journalists’ working conditions, the most and least important perceived influences on their work, as well as their level of trust in various institutions, recent significant changes perceived in their profession and the professional roles they prefer. The basic demographic data of our sample is also given. The survey was done in two phases, between which significant media ownership changes took place, making the results highly up-to-date. We conclude that the position of journalists is changing. Journalists are required to write more stories than before, yet have less time to research them. Although they assert the importance of journalistic ethics, they have also perceived that ethical standards have somewhat weakened recently. Nevertheless, they express a high level of autonomy and freedom in their work.

13

Work Conditions and Tasks of School Counsellor

88%

Bobik B.

Journal of Modern Science

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2019

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issue 3(42)

215-237

EN

Objectives: The main aim of the research was to become acquainted with the conditions of work and the tasks of the school counsellor resulting from the psychological and pedagogical help performed at educational facilities. Material and methods: The following two methods were used to obtain the research material: the diagnostic survey and assessment. Results: The results of quantitative analyses were classified into the following areas: the conditions of work, the school counsellor’s duties, the forms of pedagogical help in their work with the students, parents and teachers, the factors that influence the school counsellor’s model of work and individual features important in the profession of school counsellor. The mentioned analyses indicate that the contemporary counsellor is mainly a woman (the profession is feminised), with higher education, systematically improving and supplementing their knowledge so as to perform the tasks set by the pedagogical supervision and family, school and local environment. Conclusions: Thanks to adequate professional preparation and application of a wide range of forms of help for the students, teacher and parents, the school counsellor constitutes a significant link of psychological and pedagogical help performed at the educational facilities.

14

Heart rate variability in workers of various professions in contrasting seasons of the year

75%

Markov A., Solonin I., Bojko E.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 5

793-800

EN

Objectives It is known that professional occupation affects the heart rate variability (HRV). However, most studies have not taken into account seasonal features of the HRV. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the HRV differences in winter and in summer in the case of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM) workers and scientific workers from the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Material and Methods The short-term HRV was examined for 13 EMERCOM workers and 13 scientific workers. The data was collected in winter (December) and summer (July) for the same groups of workers. The time domain and frequency domain HRV analyses were performed. The EMERCOM workers had more contact with the external environment than the scientific workers. Results The two-way analysis of variance with repeated observations on a single factor has shown that “Season” and interaction of two factors “Season” and “Profession” significantly influenced the HRV among volunteers. The “Profession” factor did not influence the HRV parameters (except for the heart rate in winter, p = 0.042). Seasonal changes in the HRV parameters were not significant in the case of scientific workers. In contrast, the EMERCOM workers showed significantly decreased parameters of parasympathetic activity (the root-mean-square of successive differences in RR intervals, percentage of consecutive RR intervals differing by > 50 ms and the relative value high frequency power, p = 0.001, p = 0.014 and p = 0.009, respectively) and increased parameters of sympathetic activity (the stress index and ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power, p = 0.012 and p = 0.006, respectively) in winter as compared to summer. Conclusions The results of our study indicate that, unlike the scientific workers, the EMERCOM workers showed significant changes in the HRV in contrasting seasons (winter and summer). A season of a year should be considered when assessing the HRV among workers of various professions. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):793–800

15

Predictors of short- and long-term sickness absence in female post office workers in Poland

75%

Szubert Z., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Merecz D., Sobala W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 4

539-562

EN

Background The aim of this study was to highlight major predictors of the frequency of sickness absence in a group of workers directly involved in customer service. Material and Methods The study was carried out on a random sample of 229 women employed as assistants and clerks in post offices. The survey was based on the Subjective Work, Health Status and Life Style Characteristics Questionnaire, and sickness absence data for the years 2004–2006. Results The negative binominal regression model of sickness absence risk revealed the following significant predictors of short-term absence spells (1–29 days): 1) marital status, sickness absence risk for single women was (rate ratio (RR)) = 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.39) vs. married women; 2) post offices employing 7 workers had a rate ratio of sickness absence of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.04–2.42); 13–25 workers – RR = 2.03 (95% CI: 1.41–2.93); > 25 workers – RR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.15–2.88) compared with an average number of 8–12 workers; 3) shift work, RR = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.14–2.14); 4) breaks from work – the risk of absence in the case of any breaks amounted to RR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.07–2.07) in comparison with the statutory breaks; 5) self-rated health reported as moderate relative to good health, RR = 1.71 (95% CI: 1.26–2.32); and 6) occurrence of respiratory diseases resulted in the risk of RR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.08–2.08). The Poisson regression model of long-term sickness absence spells (≥ 30 days) revealed the following significant predictors: 1) number of clients per shift: 51–100 clients, RR = 3.62 (95% CI: 1.07–22.6) compared with a lower number of clients; 2) self-rated health, assessed as moderate, RR = 1.97 (95% CI: 1.06–3.78) and 3) household chores performed for at least 4 h a day, RR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.18–0.79). Conclusions Association between sickness absence and workload as well as work organization indicates directions of corrective actions, which could reduce the scale of the problem.

16

Determinants of vitamin D status among Jordanian employees: Focus on the night shift effect

75%

Alefishat E., Abu Farha R.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 5

859-870

EN

Objectives To assess the association between night work and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels, and to evaluate effect of potential risk factors on 25OHD levels. Material and Methods A total of 140 adult Jordanian employees were recruited. Demographic, lifestyle and working patterns data were documented through a well-structured questionnaire. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring circulating concentrations of 25OHD. Results Mean 25OHD level was 23.8 ng/ml. No significant difference was found in 25OHD levels between the summer and winter (p = 0.46), or between males and females (p = 0.35). The female night workers had significantly lower serum 25OHD levels compared to the female day workers (p = 0.01). No significant difference in serum 25OHD levels was found between the night and day male workers (p = 0.25). The number of night shifts/month was negatively correlated with 25OHD levels in both the males and females (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, respectively). Age was positively correlated with 25OHD levels in both the males and females (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001, respectively). Body mass index was negatively associated with 25OHD levels in the whole sample (p = 0.03), but not within each gender group (p = 0.21 for the males and p = 0.09 for the females). Smoking had no significant association with 25OHD levels (p = 0.99 for the males and p = 0.22 for the females). Conclusions Our results suggest that women working night shifts are at higher risk of 25OHD deficiency, and, consequently, of other health problems linked to 25OHD deficiency. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):859–870

17

Warunki pracy w środowisku szkolnym w percepcji nauczycieli o zróżnicowanym poziomie predyspozycji twórczych

75%

Pufal-Struzik r.

Edukacja Ustawiczna Dorosłych

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2019

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issue 1

189-203

EN

An important goal of education is shaping a man with a creative attitude, flexible in action, imaginative, creative, solve problems and see the surrounding world in a holistic and integrated way. Teachers with creative potential and a school providing optimal conditions for the creative functioning of teachers and students are necessary to achieve this goal. The article is an attempt to present the working environment at school from teachers’ perspective (n = 361) taking into account their creativity or unproductivity. Collected data indicates that a significant group of teachers critically evaluate their working environment, and give numerous reasons why the atmosphere at the school does not encourage creativity. Teachers point to disinformation, constant changes that make planning impossible, salary inadequate to workload, lack of time to solve students' problems, limited scope of influence on school’s policy, unrealistic requirements, poor organisational conditions, students’ behaviour, parents’ expectations, lack of support, etc. The research provides valuable implications to use in practice.

18

Obowiązek informowania pracowników o warunkach zatrudnienia w świetle nowej unijnej dyrektywy 2019/1152

75%

Nowak M.

Praca i Zabezpieczenie Społeczne

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2021

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issue 6

27-40

EN

This article deals with the obligation to inform workers about working conditions under the new EU Directive on transparent and predictable working conditions in the European Union. The author points to the purpose of the new directive, but focuses primarily on the amendments made to the new Directive in relation to Directive 91/53 EEC. The article presents the purpose, subject matter and scope of application of the directive and how the obligation indicated in the title is to be implemented. The article also provides an overall assessment of Polish law from this perspective.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy obowiązku informowania pracownika o warunkach zatrudnienia wynikającego z nowej dyrektywy unijnej w sprawie przejrzystych i przewidywalnych warunków pracy w UE. Autorka wskazuje na cel wydania nowej dyrektywy, ale przede wszystkim koncentruje uwagę na zmianach, jakie zostały w niej wprowadzone w porównaniu z rozwiązaniami przyjętymi w omawianym zakresie w obowiązującej jeszcze dyrektywie 91/53/EWG, biorąc pod uwagę zakres podmiotowy, przedmiotowy oraz sposób realizacji tytułowego obowiązku. W artykule podjęto również próbę wstępnej, ogólnej oceny przepisów prawa polskiego z tej perspektywy

19

Burned Out Or Just Frustrated? Reasons Why Physical Education Teachers Leave Their Profession

75%

Cieśliński R., Szum E.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2014

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vol. 63

|

issue 1

29-35

EN

This work focuses on the reasons why physical education (PE) teachers leave their profession. The study included 80 individuals who decided to leave a teaching profession in 2013. A diagnostic poll method with the use of the QWL (Quality of Work Life) index was employed in the study. It was observed that there are usually a number of reasons why they give up their job, the most important being financial reasons. Their decision is influenced by the accumulation of professional and personal problems as well as their inability to solve them. The findings showed that teachers‘ departure from the profession is generally associated with the issue of burnout; however, financial reasons are most frequently ones that directly affect this decision.

20

Ergonomia stanowiska komputerowego

75%

KUKUŁA M.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

|

2011

|

vol. 2

|

issue 2

255-262

PL

W artykule przedstawiłem zagadnienie stanowiska komputerowego od strony jego ergonomii. Publikację rozpocząłem od krótkiego rysu historycznego, dotyczącego rozwijania się definicji ergonomii na przełomie lat. Pokazałem, jak powinny być projektowane miejsca pracy z komputerem, aby praca przy nich nie była męcząca. Starałem się przedstawić zagrożenia, jakie mogą wyniknąć z nieprawidłowego zaprojektowania miejsca pracy. Wykazałem również, jak można unikać pewnych zagrożeń zdrowotnych poprzez stosowanie odpowiedniego ułożenia ciała przy pracy z komputerem, jak również przy pomocy ćwiczeń relaksacyjnych. Starałem się udowodnić, że ergonomia pracy przy komputerze jest niezwykle ważna i należy o niej pamiętać już w fazie projektowania miejsca pracy.

EN

The article presents the issue of computer workstation ergonomics. The publication begins with a brief historical overview on the development of the definition of ergonomics over time. I show how to design a computer workplace to make it not tiring. I presented hazards that can potentially result from improper design of the workplace. The publication also points out how to avoid certain health risks through the use of proper body alignment when working with a computer as well as by relaxation exercises. In the paper I try to convince the reader that the ergonomics of computer workplace is very important and one should be aware of it early during the design phase of workplace.

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