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1

NAJSTARŠIA ÚPRAVA DEDIČSKÉHO PRÁVA NA PRÍKLADE SLOBODNÉHO KRÁĽOVSKÉHO MESTA TRNAVY DO KONCA 16. STOROČIA

100%
Švecová A.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 1
27 – 44
EN
The author devotes attention to Early Modern practices in connection with wills in the royal borough of Trnava as a member of the group of treasury (tavernicalis) towns. She has narrowed her research base to the 16th and 17th centuries and the archives of the Trnava town authorities, in which the first surviving wills date from 1511. She traces the inheritance procedure of inheritance from a will in the summary of questions of the right to establish a will (and other actions of the mortis causa), determination of the group of legal heirs, freedom of bequest, formal signs of the establishment of a will and the basic material-legal principles of town inheritance law in the Kingdom of Hungary in Early Modern times. The result is only a legal historical sketch of inheritance practice at Trnava, but it opens the way to further research on the extensive documentary material from the following centuries, since the researched collection is remarkable for the preservation of the originals, rather than the usual preservation of the libris testamentorum.
2

INŠTITÚT MANŽELSTVA V NOVOVEKU NA POZADÍ SPORU O ROZLUKU JÁNA DUBNIČKU VERSUS ALŽBETY MAGYARYOVEJ

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Švecová A.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 2
231 – 248
EN
A marriage was considered an institution subject to Church law from the beginning of Christianity in ancient Rome. As a result, marital disputes concerning the origin, existence and dissolution of marriages between Catholics or between Catholics and members of other churches belonged exclusively to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Catholic Church and were decided according to canon law. The author introduces the study with a general consideration of Catholic legal or canonist teaching, binding not only in the Kingdom of Hungary, but in the whole Catholic Church according to the norms valid after the Council of Trent. The account is based mainly on commentaries and glosses by modern civil law experts from Hungary. However, the general theoretical consideration forms only the essential and considerably reduced theoretical basis for the second part of the study, which is conceived as one of the first legal history soundings into the history of the institution of marriage in Slovakia using the example of an ecclesiastical court case on the temporary separation or annulment of the marriage of the Dubničkas, who lived in the Free Royal Borough of Trnava in the first half of the 19th century. The dispute caused a prolonged conflict, which grew beyond the private family sphere and became a publicly known social scandal and lifelong trauma especially for the husband Ján Dubnička, explicitly presented in his will, which reveals the intimate, psychic level of the whole micro-historic dispute.
3
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Das Familienfideikommiss in der ungarischen Rechtsordnung und seine Auflösung in der ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik zwischen zwei Weltkriegen

63%
Švecová A., Laclavíková M.
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
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2017
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vol. 69
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issue 1
131-146
EN
Czechoslovak legislation efficiently abolished the old privileges of the nobility in the interwar period. The abolishment pertained not only to the personal privileges but also to the marital property. It was a consequence of the abolition of the nobility as well as of the noble ranks and decorations in accordance with the 1924 act. The fee tail was among the repealed private law institutions which were connected with the privileged status of the nobility. It is common knowledge that the fee tail was one of the special forms of securing the property of the nobility which was accomplished through complexinheritance law. Its abolition was supposed to be connected with the political and social program of the Czechoslovak government. The aim of the changes was to implement a new and fairer division of land ownership. The following study aims its attention in the direction of the genesis of the fee tail on the lands of the former Kingdom of Hungary and its evolution in the Czechoslovak Republic. The present deliberations are based on the rich legal literature on the subject. Furthermore, the aim was to present the legal institution which occupied a central position in the system of property law, inheritance law and family law.
4
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Legislative Efforts on Child Protection in Slovakia in the First Half of the 20th Century

63%
Laclavíková M., Švecová A.
Teka Komisji Prawniczej
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2019
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vol. 12
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issue 1
131-142
PL
W artykule analizie zostaje poddana prawna ochrona dziecka w ustawodawstwie Słowacji w pierwszych latach formowania się publicznego i prywatnego system socjalnego, zapewnianego przez wiele podmiotów. Autorki zwracają uwagę na dawne prawo węgierskie i czechosłowackie, które nadal obowiązywało w okresie wojennym i powojennym (po 1945 r.), kiedy zostały uchwalone pierwsze kodeksy dotyczące opieki nad dziećmi i młodzieżą. Zarówno w środowisku węgierskim, jak i czechosłowackim prace legislacyjne dotyczące dzieci i młodzieży (ochrona socjalna, ochrona zdrowia, ochrona za pomocą środków prawa karnego itp.) zostały w analizowanym okresie wzmożone.
EN
The study is an insight into legal protection of child through primary legislation which was effective in Slovakia in the first years of the formation of the public and private social system, provided by multiple subjects in multiple stages. The authors pay attention to the former Hungarian and latter Czechoslovak legal norms which continued to be effective during the war Slovak Republic and post-war (post-1945) era when the first general codes on child care and youth care were adopted. In both the Hungarian and Czechoslovak environment, the legislative efforts on child care and youth care (social protection, protection of health, protection through the means of criminal law, etc.) were strengthened in this period.
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Traditions and prospects of remuneration of clergymen in Czechoslovakia in the period 1918–1950 and in the present Slovak Republic

63%
Švecová A., Križan V.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2017
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vol. 10
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issue 2
319-333
EN
Historical and legal examination of financial provision for the clergy from traditional and state-recognized churches and religious societies in Slovakia brings with it not only the historical dimension of its descriptive and analytical significance, but provides a specific social-security law and labour law basis for the current material status of the clergy, which is in many cases at an undignified and socially-deprived level due to current legislation. Substantive law, even after 28 years since the political regime change in November 1989, comes from the time of real socialism, and despite a number of cosmetic changes the several times amended Act from 1949 (!) has not escaped the framework of state supervision and paternalism, as well as social levelling of Churches, at least in the case of clerical remuneration. The aim of this study was to use short, recapitulating sketches to focus historical-legal attention on the employment basis of remuneration regulation for the clergy (i.e. its basis in the form of state support called “congruence”) in different constitutional phases of the Czechoslovak Republic in two diametrically-opposed political regimes: firstly the democratic 1st Czechoslovak Republic and then the post-war People’s Czechoslovak Republic, led and controlled by the Communists after their take-over in 1948. In conclusion, we analyse the current legal regulation of clerical remuneration in the Slovak Republic as one of the legal successors of the defunct Czechoslovak Federal Republic, and we describe the current major problems that we see as rooted in past legislation.
6
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The Opus Tripartitum as an Original Source of Law as well as a Source of Knowledge about Custom in Light of Late Modern Age Hungarian Jurisprudence

63%
Švecová A., Laclavíková M.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2018
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vol. 11
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issue 4
467-479
PL
Artykuł wprowadza do zagadnienia stanowisk prawnych dotyczących zwyczaju (prawa zwyczajowego) i ich miejsca w systemie źródeł prawa w okresie późnonowożytnym. Zwrócono uwagę zwłaszcza na cechy i funkcje zwyczaju oraz wyjaśniono relację między zwyczajem a prawem stanowionym (lex, ustawa) jako odrębnymi źródłami prawa. Węgierski okres nowożytny cechuje symbioza zwyczajów i prawa stanowionego oraz ich specyficzne wzajemne relacje. Autorzy artykułu omawiają znaczenie derogacyjnej funkcji zwyczaju oraz rolę kodyfikacji jako wyrazu wzmacniania znaczenia lex jako źródła prawa. W tym samym czasie zwyczaj tracił swój „ludowy charakter” i uzyskiwał nowe formy (zwyczaj spisany w formie orzeczeń sądowych). W węgierskiej historii prawa zwyczaj miał niezastąpioną pozycję, a teoretyczne zasady określone w Opus Tripartitum (1514) były rozwijane lub przeredagowane przez uczonych prawników dobry nowożytnej (J. Szegedi, S Huszty, E. Kelemen, A. Kövy, P. Szlemenics, I. Frank i in.).
EN
The objective of the study is to introduce late modern age legal opinions on custom and its place among sources of law in the Hungarian legal system. It focuses especially on the characteristics and functions of custom and clarifies the relationship between custom and the law as such (lex, act) as another source of law. The Hungarian modern age is characterised by a symbiosis between custom and the law and by a related dispute about how they relate to eachother. The authors of the study focused their attention on a dispute over the derogatory function of custom in relation to the law and highlighted the trend of a major effort towards codification and the related growing importance of lex as a source of law. At the same time custom was losing its “folk character” and gradually gained a forensic form (custom formally included as a basis for court decisions). In Hungarian legal history, custom held an irreplaceable position among sources of law in the legal system, and modern age jurisprudence scholars attempted to develop or reformulate the theoretical principles enshrined in the Opus Tripartitum (1514) (J. Szegedi, S. Huszty, E. Kelemen, A. Kövy, P. Szlemenics, I. Frank, etc.).
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