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EN
Amid the Thirty Years’ War, Swedish troops seized multiple institutional libraries in Olomouc, transporting them to Sweden along with collections belonging to nobles from other towns. Under the leadership of Lenka Veselá, the Library of the Czech Academy of Sciences is gradually mapping the surviving books from the Swedish literary spoils taken from the Czech lands, now scattered throughout Europe. Until now, research on the book collections seized from Olomouc has primarily focused on the Jesuit collection and the library of the local Chapter. Less attention has been paid to the literary spoils housed in the smaller collections of local monasteries. This study maps the fate of the Capuchin Monastery library in Olomouc, from the monks’ arrival in 1614 to the Swedish occupation between 1642 and 1650. The research employed a comprehensive range of methods from history and book culture. Apart from critically evaluating information sourced from the literature, the primary attention was directed towards the provenance analysis of a hundred existing titles documented in the database of the Swedish Booty of Books from Bohemia and Moravia 1646–1648. Bibliographic records and photographic documentation of the books in the database served as the groundwork for this study. The research has revealed significant information about the size, content, origin, and maintenance of this book collection, which had remained largely unmapped until now. One of the key discoveries includes debunking the alleged looting of the library following the expulsion of the Capuchins from the monastery in 1618 and tracing back the sources of the acquisitions, especially within the Olomouc and Prague ecclesiastical milieu. Through these discoveries, we gain a clearer understanding of how Capuchin libraries operated, their importance, and their role in the 17th century.
EN
The study is grounded in the findings of Ernst Schwarz‘s and Zdeněk Masařík‘s research on the penetration of Bavarian and Central German dialectal elements into the German language in municipal administrative offices in central and southern Moravia. The study builds on the research carried out so far of selected municipal archival documents and those produced by Olomouc burghers written in German and it aims to show which of these elements were dominant in certain stages, including the relevant reasons. The sources of knowledge of dialectal elements were the Codex of Václav of Jihlava from 1430 to 1492, court records from the 17th century that were used to study the replies made at the Olomouc residents‘ court interrogations and the chronicle of the Hobel family, a middle class family. The latter was used to determine dialectal elements in the written German of Olomouc burghers — regardless of whether they were originally from Olomouc or moved there. The last part of the study analyzes a collection of German confectionary recipes that apparently represented common recipes among the burghers. The presence of Bavarian and Austrian elements prevailed later; these features were absolutely dominant in the archival documents from the 19th century.
EN
This article presents a landscape study of an area in the west of the city of Olomouc (Neředín Horizon) on the application of urban landscape elements and structures (vegetation cover, land relief, landscape poles and horizons) for the image of the city. The study intends to determine susceptibility to interventions of urbanization. There is no unified methodology for this type of urban or landscape studies, with approaches of various authors and teams differing on a large scale. Therefore this article, which discusses the use of a modified procedure of landscape evaluation, may also make a methodological contribution to discussions on urban landscape image and evaluation.
CS
Článek prezentuje krajinářskou studii území západní části Olomouce (Neředínského horizontu) z hlediska uplatnění přírodních prvků a struktur městské krajiny (vegetační kryt, georeliéf, krajinné póly, horizonty) v obraze města s cílem stanovit jeho citlivost k potenciálním urbanizačním zásahům. K podobnému typu urbanistických či krajinářských úloh neexistuje jednotná metodika a možné přístupy různých autorů a kolektivů mohou být odlišné, proto může být tento text, který diskutuje možnost využití modifikovaného postupu známého při hodnocení krajinného rázu, i metodickým příspěvkem k diskusím o problematice hodnocení městské krajiny a jejího obrazu.
EN
The article describes the making of the sign key for the documents of spatial analysis of the Olomouc Region’s municipalities. Observing the cartographic principles and consulting with representatives of involved municipalities, problems were identified such as the choice of the colour, the leading sign, generalization and combination of elements, and so forth. A set of scripts, map styles, lyr format files, and a conceptual data model have originated to be used in the obligatory drawings of the documents of spatial analysis, in their visualization in the map portal of the Olomouc Region, and for internal use of the staff of involved municipal offices.
CS
Článek popisuje tvorbu znakového klíče pro územně analytické podklady obcí Olomouckého kraje za použití kartografických pravidel a konzultací s pracovníky jednotlivých obcí s rozšířenou působností (ORP) Olomouckého kraje. Během tvorby byly identifikovány problémy jako je výběr vhodné barvy, vůdčího znaku, generalizace a slučování prvků, výskyt duplikací a redundandností a vhodnosti znakového klíče pouze pro daná měřítka. V některých případech je navrženo jejich řešení. V postupu byl důraz kladen především na kartografický a uživatelský aspekt a aspekt zavedené konvence. V rámci projektu vznikla sada písem, vznikly mapové styly, soubory formátu lyr, mapové projekty, konceptuální datový model a legenda. Znakový klíč bude sloužit nejen pro tvorbu povinných výkresů ÚAP, ale také pro jejich vizualizaci na mapovém portálu Olomouckého kraje a dále pak pro interní potřeby pracovníků jednotlivých ORP Olomouckého kraje a Krajského úřadu Olomouckého kraje.
EN
The quality, development and spatial differentiation of the housing stock belongs to the basic indicators of a functional urban structure, having impact on the shaping of a variety of social phenomena in the urban environment. The example of Olomouc clearly illustrates how a town has been evolving since the end of the 19th century when it ceased to be an important military fortress with all its life taking place within the walls. Any construction works and related development of the town was conditioned and heavily limited by its military function as long as till the abolotion of the fortress status (and the partial demolition of the fortification) in 1886. This contribution endeavours to evaluate the development of the current structure of Olomouc’s housing stock, assessing its quality and spatial differentiation and especially focusing on the housing construction in specific periods of the 20th century. Based on the data of the housing stock from the 2001 census, a typology of specific town quarters form the viewpoint of the quality of housing was proposed.
CS
Kvalita, vývoj a prostorová diferenciace bytového fondu patří mezi základní ukazatele funkční struktury města a má vliv na formování řady sociálních jevů v urbánním prostředí. Na příkladu města Olomouce můžeme od konce 19. století názorně pozorovat, jak se vyvíjelo město, které bylo do té doby významnou vojenskou pevností, kde se veškerý život odehrával uvnitř hradeb. Jakákoliv výstavba a s tím spojený rozvoj města byl až do zrušení pevnostního statutu (a částečného zbourání opevnění) v roce 1886 podmíněn a zásadně limitován jeho militární funkcí. V následujícím příspěvku se pokusíme zhodnotit vývoj stávající struktury bytového fondu Olomouce, posoudíme jeho kvalitu a prostorovou diferenciaci, a zvláště se zaměříme na výstavbu v jednotlivých obdobích 20. století. Na základně dat o bytovém fondu ze Sčítání lidu, domů a bytů 2001 provedeme typologii jednotlivých částí města z hlediska kvality bydlení.
EN
For the Jesuits, history was an inquiry into the past primarily aimed at discovering traces of divine manifestation. Wherever they set foot, they read the local past through theological lenses, producing fascinating historical narratives and employing them for pedagogical, devotional, and even legal purposes. An enlightening case study of this Jesuit approach to the past is the legendary episode of the nobleman Jaroslav of Sternberg and his heroic defence of Olomouc against the Tatars in 1241. From 1655 onwards, the Jesuits started contributing to this myth (circulating approx. from the mid-14th century). The first Jesuit enriching the Sternberg myth was Bohuslav Balbín, who transformed this event into the founding memory of the Olomouc Jesuit church. The rationale for this innovation was the ongoing dispute with the Conventuals over the jurisdiction of the same church, where the Jesuits used the Sternberg myth as legal argumentation. In 1661, Jan Tanner devised another version, modelled after the genre of sacred topography and influenced by the Habsburg pietas eucharistica, associating the myth with the Olomouc Corpus Christi chapel and the Eucharistic mystery. Later, when Ottoman and Tatar marauders brutally attacked Moravia in 1663, the Jesuits linked the mythical 1241 Tatar invasion to the pilgrimage sites of Hostýn and Kotouč, making them extremely popular. Due to their constant medial and ritual repetition, the Jesuit contributions to the Sternberg myth (summed up in a canonical form by Johannes Schmidl in 1747) gradually became part of the Bohemian and Moravian cultural memory, remarkably influential to be copied and modified even by the Conventuals. The Jesuit suppression in 1773 did not constitute the end of the Sternberg myth: eventually, it remerged, playing a significant role in the Czech national revival.
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2020
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vol. 50
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issue 2
107-VIII
EN
Prague Castle Archive, Metropolitan Chapter Library shelf mark A 60/3) from the second half of the 11th century, whose back pastedown contains the so-called Prague Glagolitic Fragments (ibid., shelf mark N 57). After 1233, the manuscript was supplemented by a quire with the legends of St Cordula and the Five Holy Brothers, which indicates that the manuscript then must have been placed at the Olomouc cathedral, where both cults are very strong. In this time both Glagolitic Fragments were pasted at the new created book binding. However, it is possible that it had already been intended for the Olomouc cathedral or the Hradisko monastery near Olomouc originally by its commissioner, Vratislaus II.
EN
The study focuses on the analysis of Czech-German national conflicts in the field of education in the judicial district of Olomouc during the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938). The aim of the study is to explore, describe, and interpret the key areas of conflict, their causes, manifestations, and impacts on the everyday lives of the region’s inhabitants. The study is based on an analysis of archival materials stored in the State District Archive in Olomouc. The collected materials were analysed using traditional historical research methods. The study offers a new perspective on the dynamics of national conflicts outside the traditional borderland areas and highlights the specific features of a region located in the predominantly Czech heart of Moravia.
EN
This study aims to map the life story of Richard Heidan. This Gestapo official worked within Czech Lands territory over the whole period of the Nazi occupation. The study particularly focuses on the period between 1942 and 1945 when Heidan held the role of Head of the Gestapo’s Rural Office in Olomouc. Also outlined here the post-war investigation of him as part of retributive justice.
EN
The study is dedicated to development of the Olomouc bishop’s seals in period between 1351 and 1457 with emphasis on their iconography. From the artistic point of view the analysed seals from above stated period represent the highest quality. In the same period we can notice significant transformation of typology of used matrixes. The study shows that those changes in some cases reflect the period mentality. The authors of the article also mention reasons that could motivate the individual bishops to choose the particular iconographic type. In that sense the authors further on analyse the basic iconographic motifs. The catalogue of the Episcopal seals represents the core of the study as well as the description of the official Coat of arms evolution till the end of the 15th century.
EN
This paper discusses the occurrence of books of the Dutch humanist Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) in the Main Library of the Debrecen Reformed Theological University (founded in 1538). The results of this research are compared with the results of a similar research project conducted some years earlier in Olomouc and Prague. A complete list of works of Grotius in Debrecen is presented is in the annex.
EN
The history of Olomouc book printing remains mostly unexplored. Literature often brings distorted information, which must first be verified by studying sources. An example may be the Olomouc printer Vít Jindřich Ettel († 1669), about whom some researchers have accumulated a large amount of unverified or misleading information. Nevertheless, numerous archival sources from which it is possible to reconstruct the life and activities of this book printer are available as well. Attention should, however, also be paid to his wife, Anna Alžběta Ettelová, who, after her husband’s death, administered the local printing house alone for three years (until January 1673). Multiple archival sources make it possible to study her activities in further detail and to learn more not only about the customers of the printing house but also about the book trade in Moravia at that time.
CS
The Kraków canon priest Hugo Kołłątaj (1750–1812), one of the authors of the Polish Constitution of 3rd May 1791, a writer, philosopher and teacher, the rector of the Jagiellonian University and the Vice-Chancellor of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, endeavoured to escape to Venice via Galicia and Hungary after the defeat of Kościuszko’s uprising. He was, however, captured by the Austrians in Radymno on 6th December 1794 and then imprisoned in Przemyśl. On 19th December of the same year, Kołłątaj was transported to Olomouc, where he was interned as state prisoner no. 4. From 14th February 1795 to 29th June 1798, he was imprisoned in the Josefov fortress and he then returned again to Olomouc. Kołłątaj was forced to remain at the Olomouc Jesuit Barracks until 6th December 1802 and he departed Olomouc on 19th December of the same year. During his internment, he wrote elegiac verse and scientific works dedicated to anthropogeography, history, ethnography and ethics.The memorial plaque to Hugo Kołłątaj, produced according to an artistic design by Marek Mielczarek and placed on the façade of the Czech Army’s Administrative Archive in Olomouc at the initiative of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland, was unveiled on 20th October 2015 as a permanent reminder of the legacy of this leading Polish enlightenment figure.
EN
This paper is about the individual Ernst Liedtke, an officer of the SS and a member of the security service. Attention focuses not only to his life and career in the SS, but chiefly on Liedtke’s activities within the terms of the SD in Olomouc during the war. The period of post-war retribution is also included, the so-called “national purge” also played a crucial role in his life for understandable reasons. This paper also endeavours to fill in the blanks and review information about Ernst Liedtke published to date.
EN
The collections of the Regional Museum in Olomouc include under the title Olmützer Losbuch a German-language illuminated manuscript. It is an example of a type of lot or oracle book widespread in the Middle Ages, namely the text Losbuch mit 32 Fragen. The study examines the organisation of the Olomouc copy as well as the interconnection of its textual and pictorial elements, and it compares the manuscript with related codices from Heidelberg and Edinburgh. In particular, it analyses and compares the individual patterns, i.e. the elements that help the reader understand the structure and contents of the manuscripts.
EN
This article presents various options for the use of data obtained from questionnaire surveys carried out to analyse the traffic behaviour of the inhabitants of two cities, Olomouc and Ostrava. The article mentions possible methods of collecting data on population movement and gives a detailed description of the survey. Major emphasis is put on results gained from statistical and spatial assessment of data. Besides a common statistical analysis we present the method of kernel estimation, which can be used to identify the most frequently visited areas within a city. The results can be used to make planning in both cities more efficient and the procedure can easily be applied to other cities in the Czech Republic.
CS
Článek je zaměřen na představení možností využití dat z dotazníkových šetření pro analýzu dopravního chování obyvatel města Olomouce a Ostravy. V článku jsou zmíněny možné metody zjišťování dat o pohybu obyvatel a dále je popsáno provedené dotazníkové šetření. Největší důraz je kladen na popis výsledků získaných pomocí statistického a prostorového vyhodnocení získaných dat. Kromě obvyklé statistické analýzy je představena metoda jádrových odhadů, pomocí které je možné identifikovat oblasti, které jsou v rámci města navštěvovány nejčastěji. Výsledky mohou být využity pro zefektivnění plánování v obou městech. Popsaný přístup může být velmi snadno aplikován také na další města v ČR.
EN
The paper presents research that was conducted during the term of office 2010–2014 among elected representatives of the cities of Opole and Olomouc. The aim of the research was to compare attitudes of local representatives, councillors of the given cities, toward selected reforms and particular tools devised to enhance civic participation and local democratic governance. The authors argue that attitudes and opinions of the representatives of both cities differ primarily in those areas in which they have own experience within the existing institutional setting (local referendum, participatory budgeting etc.).
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania postaw oraz opinii przedstawicieli samorządów, które przeprowadzono w kadencji 2010–2014 w Opolu oraz Ołomuńcu. Badania miały na celu porównanie poglądów i postaw radnych wobec wybranych narzędzi związanych z partycypacją i demokratycznym sposobem sprawowania władzy na poziomie lokalnym. Badania wykazały, że poglądy i postawy polityków na wybieralnych stanowiskach najbardziej różnią się w tych kwestiach, w których polscy i czescy samorządowcy mają osobiste doświadczenie (np. referendum, budżet obywatelski).
EN
The contribution mentions the commented text of a moravian linguist and pedagogue Josef Vlček, recalling memories of his grammar school teacher Vincenc Prasek. Text was written in 1940, probably thanks to Karel Černohorský, and deals with the end of Prasek’s teaching at grammar school in Olomouc in the second half of the 90s of 19th century, particularly in 1897–1899. Text brings vivid and so far unknown characteristics of Prasek’s image, personality, teaching and everyday behaviour.
EN
: The ecclesiastical dignitary Jakob Ernst von Lichtenstein­‑Castelcorno (1690–1747) successively served as Bishop in Seckau, Styria (1728–1738) and Olomouc, Moravia (1738– 1745). He completed his career as Archbishop of Salzburg (1745–1747). He was very active in pastoral work, which was central to all his episcopal ministries, in all three positions. He was also willing to work in other dioceses when necessary. During his trip to the spa in Trenčianské Teplice (today’s Slovakia), he, for example, consecrated a church in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. As the resident Bishop, Ernst Jakob reserved for himself the conferring of all degrees of priestly ordination, the consecration of churches and the confirmation of the faithful. He ordained a total of 2,599 priests. He consecrated 70 churches and chapels. He consecrated 330 altars and confirmed 357,372 people. His contemporaries did similar things. Jakob Ernst sought to fulfill the ideas of the Council of Trent concerning the role of the Bishop as the “good shepherd” of his faithful.
DE
Der Beitrag setzt sich mit einem bislang kaum beachteten Phänomen der österreichischen Aufklärung auseinander. Die Geschichte und Aktivitäten der Olmützer „Societas incognitorum eruditorum in terris Austriacis“ werden im Rahmen ihres Entstehungskontextes erklärt und gezeigt, wie sie in der deutschen bzw. europäischen Aufklärung verankert ist. Näher eingegangen wird auf den Aspekt der Treue zum Kaiserhaus, den die Olmützer Intellektuellen bzw. die Mitglieder der Gelehrtengesellschaft an den Tag legten und am Beispiel der „Theresiade“ von Scheyb illustriert.
EN
The article deals with a little known phenomenon of the Austrian Enlightenment. The history and activities of the Olomouc-based “Societas incognitorum in terris Austriacis” is explained regarding its genesis and it is shown how the society is positioned between the German and resp. European Enlightenment. The article also offers an analysis of the aspect of loyalty to the dynasty by the members of the “Societas incognitorum”, illustrated by a literary example, Scheyb’s Theresiada.
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