Search results

1

FARSIGHTED VIEW OR AUTHORITY IN TROUBLE

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Mierzwinski A.

Archeologia Polski

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2004

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vol. 49

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issue 1-2

130-136

EN

This article has been written in response to J. Dabrowski's and M. Mogielnicka-Urban's polemics (2004) with certain theses presented in my book (A. Mierzwinski 2003), in which I refer to a syncretic model of culture. I had discussed this model in detail with regards to the social and ritual aspects of production in the Oder river basin in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. In the present article, I have shown the futility of the debaters' attempt to question the possibility of using fingerprint marks on pottery for the study of the social identification of the pot makers. Consequently, their intent, which was to question the validity of the theory that the round discs were produced by men, proved unsuccessful. Neither were they able to discredit the theory that these discs could have been used as casting driers. The debaters did not present any arguments to substantiate their reservations concerning the specific modeling technique. The allegation that I have undertaken to reconstruct production and trade relations is baseless. From this point of view, one would rather say there is no motivation on my part to undertake such investigations. It is because I am a declared constructivist and far from any Marxist categorization. In the outcome, the assumptions and theses presented in my work, both general and specific, have not suffered in the face of these objections. This is due not only to the weakness of the latter, but also because the confrontation concerns divergent research attitudes, namely, traditional (empirical) archaeology versus contextual archaeology.

2

TORSO OF THE MEDIEVAL VILLAGE IN BELUSA

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Vlkolinska I.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2007

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vol. 55

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issue 1

23-107

EN

Belusa is a village situated at central part of the river Vah basin in north-western Slovakia. The salvage excavation of the medieval settlement site was aroused by a motorway construction. The site had been damaged during the building works and only torsos of sunken objects were found. The most frequent finds were fragments of graphitic pottery including storage vessels. Iron slag, analyses of which brought evidence of smithery and also metallurgy in several cases, occurred relatively often, too. The settlement was dated by the pottery to the 12th and 13th centuries. Copper coins of so-called Arabian type minted by the ancient Hungarian king Bela III. or Bela IV. (1190-1240). These coins occur especially along important trade ways. First written reference to Belusa comes from the year 1330 ('terra Belos').

3

Archaeological Excavations in Marea, Egypt. Campaings 2002-2003

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Szymanska H., Babraj K.

Archeologia

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2004

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vol. 55

119-130

EN

During two campaigns 2002-2003 the Polish mission continued excavations in the complex of the 6th - early 8th century bath discovered in the two previous seasons. A well operated by a saqiyah from which water had been supplied to the bath has been cleared. A funerary chapel lying to the southwest of the bath was also entirely explored. The other objective of the excavations was the 6th century basilica, where an apse with two crypts has been unearthed. Below the apse a kiln for firing amphorae came to light. The work in the basilica will be continued.

4

Depotfund aus Skórka, Gde. Krajenka

100%

Rola J.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2011

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vol. 63

285-317

EN

The article presents a fortuitous dicovery of a votive hoard of 192 ornaments made of bronze and 3 glass beads from Skorka, site 32, Krajenka commune in the southern part of Pomerania The hoard was probably deposited in the 2nd half of the Vth period of the Bronze Age. The majority of described remains one can classify in frames of the Nordic culture circle.

5

PETROGRAPHY, MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF GRAPHITIC POTTERY FRAGMENTS FROM BELUSA

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Spisiak J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2007

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vol. 55

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issue 1

123-126

EN

The samples from storage vessels with content of graphite that come from the object 2 at the medieval village in Belusa were analysed by several methods of the natural sciences. Their results indicate its possible origin in Moravia.

6

EGYPTIAN SEPULCHRAL PORTRAITS FROM THE 1ST-4TH C. AD (Portret sepulkralny z terenów Egiptu w I-IV w. n.e.)

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Baran M.

Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej

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2010

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vol. 58

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issue 3-4

335-348

EN

The article is concerned with the varied terminology applied in the literature on the so-called Faiyum portraits. It discusses the terms most commonly used in publications, explains their origin and meaning, and finally suggests how they should be applied or what they should be replaced with. In both older and newer literature of the subject we can find several terms referring to Egyptian sepulchral pictures. They are often used interchangeably and inconsistently. The most frequent term is the 'mummy portrait', linking two-dimensional Faiyum paintings with mummies and with funeral rites, which does not seem accurate since the question of their sepulchral function has not yet been settled. The term is also used with reference to three-dimensional gilded and cartonnage masks from a different period. Apart from the term 'mummy portrait' there is a widely used notion of 'Faiyum portraits', which is derived from the Faiyum Oasis, where the first examples of portraits dated to the 1st-4th c. CE were found. Nowadays we know of specimen of such portraits from all over Egypt and from other territories. Another term is the 'coffin portrait', which is clearly wrong, as the portraits in question were never attached to coffins. Some terms applied to Faiyum portraits are connected with the painting technique or the material. For example the term 'encaustic portrait' refers to the technique of painting with wax on an unprimed surface, while the 'tempera portrait' was painted on a primed surface with tempera paints. Those notions, as well as the term 'easel portrait', are certainly overused and applied interchangeably with the term 'mummy portrait', although the works in question were also painted with other media and on varied surfaces. It should be stressed that not all funeral portraits painted on canvas and included in the Faiyum group were directly connected with mummies. In the relevant period in Egyptian funeral rites in addition to shrouds and mummy portraits there was a place for draperies, which decorated the tomb during burial feasts; they showed the deceased person in the company of Anubis and Osiris. In order to clarify the terminology concerning the Egyptian painting of the 1st-4th c. it is necessary to use certain terms consistently in certain contexts. Egyptian painting can be divided into several groups: pictures on everyday items, wall paintings, pictures on canvas and papyrus (including wall draperies, funeral draperies and illuminations of magic texts) and easel paintings. It is the last group that should include propaganda portraits, satirical and genre painting, religious pictures and commemorative images, with a separate category for imagines clipeatae, imagines maiorum and the images of family members in altars, which in various publications have been included in the category of mummy portraits (e.g. in K. Parlaska's catalogue). The meaning of the traditional term 'Faiyum portraits' should be narrowed to two-dimensional portraits painted on wood (panel portraits) and on canvas, including portraits showing only the face of the deceased person, portraits attached to mummies and funeral shrouds. The category should not include draperies. The terms which refer to the origin, authorship or addressees of this type of painting, such as 'Greco-Egyptian portraits' or 'Roman-Egyptian portraits' should be abandoned due to the complexity of the issue. The consistent application of the terms presented will allow scholars to avoid categorizing together artefacts of different function, origin, technique, character and chronology.

7

THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT FROM BRUNN WOLFHOLZ IN LOWER AUSTRIA AND THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE LOW BOWLS WITH SHARPLY CURVED WALl

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Stadler P., Kotova N.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2010

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vol. 58

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issue 2

107-228

EN

This article is devoted to an analysis of low bowls with sharply curved wall, which are interpreted as one of the oldest type of vessels of the Linear Pottery culture. These bowls are numerous in a collection of the Brunn 2 settlement located near Vienna in Lower Austria. The typology of this group of low bowls is offered on the base of Brunn 2 materials together with low bowls of the Early Neolithic sites of the Danube region and old Linear Pottery culture. The authors can define five types of low bowls with sharply curved wall. Four of them appeared during the Early Neolithic in the Danube region and became numerous during the formative phase of the Linear Pottery culture. All types were concentrated at the sites of the oldest Linear Pottery culture in Hungary and Austria, from where during the Bina-Bicske phase the tradition of making these bowls spread up the Morava River and its tributaries to Moravia. Later during the Milanovce phase of this culture this tradition penetrated along the Danube River to the South of Germany and then it diffused along the left tributaries of the Danube to the right tributaries of the Rhine. In that time these bowls appeared at the old Linear Pottery sites of the river head of Elbe and in the Oder basin too.

8

LATE PALEOLITHIC MATERIALS FROM SITE 4 IN RUDNA WIELKA, SWILCZA COMMUNE, PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP

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Mitura P., Pasieka A., Slowik K.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2005

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vol. 57

421-441

EN

The authors present the Late Paleolithic flint materials from private collection, discovered on the site 4 at Rudna Wielka, podkarpackie voivodeship and in particular the description, typology, cultural and chronological determination of the mentioned collection of flint artifacts. In appeared that in raw material structure predominate 3 kinds of flint: erratic and the Swieciechów flints and radiolarite. Flakes and semi-blades were struck of one-platform, or double-platform cores, using hard-hammer technique. Flint inventory consists of end-scrapers, burins, backed pieces and combined tools. Analyzed collection reminds mostly other inventories with backed pieces. It should be dated probably to the period between the mid of Alleröd and beginnings of Younger Dryas. In SE Poland only a few sites were recorded, which could be typologically dated to the Late Paleolithic. Analyzed collection has not accurate analogies. Perhaps new investigations in the neighbourhood of the discussed site will allow to make closer cultural and chronological determination of this type of flint assemblages.

9

BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD CHARCOAL REMAINS AND RADIOCARBON DATING - NEW EXAMPLES OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TAXONOMICAL IDENTIFICATIONS PRIOR TO 14C DATING

100%

Moskal-del H. M., Kozlowski J. K.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2009

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vol. 61

253-271

EN

This paper illustrates how radiocarbon dating of charcoals could benefit from anthracological analyses. These analyses demonstrate that some charcoal assemblages coming from archaeological sites may encounter the problem of chronologically mixed materials. As a consequence, the charcoal fragments from these contaminated contexts give 14C age measurements that differ from a relative chronology observed at the archaeological site. However, in many occasions the sources of contamination cannot be easily observed during the archaeological fieldworks. For this reason, a taxonomical analysis of charcoal remains carried out before the materials are sent to radiocarbon dating facilities may help to detect some of the stratigraphic disturbances. Furthermore, other advantages of this method are discussed. First, the botanical analysis permits to choose a taxon that better corresponds to the climatic conditions of the site. Second, it is possible to select a plant fragment that represents a short life span.

10

FROM THE EDITORS

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Dekowna M.

Archeologia Polski

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2005

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vol. 50

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issue 1-2

7-20

EN

The history of 'Archeologia Polski' is reviewed. Since 1957 it is a periodical organ of the History of Material Culture Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences; from 1992 the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Issues cover a chronological range from prehistory to Late Mediaeval times. Contents present the research possibilities of studies of archaeological material using methods from a variety of scientific disciplines. Since 1974, the issues are discussed under the following headings: 1. Methods and methodology, 2. Studies, 3. Discussions and polemics, 4. Reviews, 5. Chronicle. Special articles appear at the beginning of some volumes, presenting among others the complete scientific oeuvre of prominent Polish archaeologists (vol. VIII: 1963, fasc. 2; XVI: 1971; XLVII: 2002; XLVIII: 2003). Few improvements have been introduced, including: vol. XIX, abbreviated citing of literature and presentation of information in the form of lists of the Institute's new publications and - apart from summaries in congress languages - abstracts of articles from sections 1, 2, and 3, published in English on separate cards distributed with volumes or other Institute publications sent to libraries abroad. Starting from volume II each volume consisted of two separate fascicles. From 1992, the size of volumes began to diminish due to funding difficulties, and the two fascicles are published in a single volume. The 'Archeologia Polski' is the main central periodical devoted to the issues of archaeology in Polish territories, viewed against a European setting, where the issues are discussed in a manner both analytical and generalizing. In all Polish listings 'Archeologia Polski' is ranked top among periodicals. Recently, the Editors cooperate with The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (CEJSH; http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl), an international Internet publisher established by the Academies of Sciences of countries from the Visegrad Group, where short English summaries of articles are published from periodicals invited to participate in CEJSH.

11

EXPLORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WESTERN AREA OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT IN SPISSKE TOMASOVCE

100%

Salkovsky P.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2006

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vol. 54

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issue 2

239-257

EN

The paper presents the results of research on one area of the Early Medieval fortified settlement called Hradisko I in Spisske Tomasovce. The trapezoid-shaped area of approx. 3 ha. is from three sides fortified by a rampart of a timber chamber construction with outer stone wall. On the fourth eastern side the ramparts were joined to a rocky hillside of a possible acropolis of the fortified settlement Hradisko. The technical parameters of the fortification were not unified; the northern mound was 3.9-4 m wide, the western one did not reach 3.2 m. Dimensions of the chambers, which were indicated by the strips of burnt subsoil and remains of woods, ranged between 1.5-2 m x 1.9-2.3 m. The analyzed samples of woods proved mostly spruce and pine. The timber base grates and a vertical timbering of inner rampart wall were found at the northern mound. Considering the rampart strategy and static, the sorest points - the north-western corner, the gate in this corner and that in the western part of the northern mound - were reinforced with a special construction. The draining system of the surface waters was revealed, too. In front of the northern rampart a ditch up to 2 m deep and 7.5-8 m wide was found. The other ditch outside the northern rampart, with its dimensions alike the former one, and destruction of a stone-earthen mound indicate existence of the another smaller fortified area (of approx. 35 x 80 m). The type of the ramparts enclosing the main area represents a principal fortification technology in Slavic mid-Danubian (Great Moravian) defense construction in the 9th-10th centuries. Almost thirty fortified settlements that were built by analogical technology have been known from the regions of Slovakia, Moravia, Austria and Czech republic, another were explored between the Elbe and the Saale rivers, in Silesia and the Little Poland. Usually they are connected with the east-Frankish influence on local defense architecture, secondarily they are considered to be the influences of the Great Moravia or later Czech state. Considering the construction static, technology and the used materials, assumed height of the western rampart together with a palisade breast is approx. 2.6-3.6 m and of the northern rampart 3.6-4.1 m. Briefly calculated amounts of the construction material needed for 520 m long unequally thick mound of the main area on the terrace are: about 270 cubic m of timber for the chambers, about 60 cubic m of timber for the palisades, 1000 cubic m stone for the screens and 2250 cubic m of earth for the chamber fillings, what is together 3600 cubic m of the construction material, i. e. almost 7 cubic m of the construction material for a standard meter. Based on its superpositions, the fortification is dated to the terminal 8th up to the middle 9th centuries.

12

MARKS NOT PRESERVED IN CLAY. Some remarks on the theses contained in A. Mierzwinski's study (2003)

100%

Dabrowski J., Mogielnicka-Urban M.

Archeologia Polski

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2004

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vol. 49

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issue 1-2

125-129

EN

The article polemizes with theses presented in A. Mierzwinski's study (2003), in which the author discusses a new conception of production relations and trade organization in the Lusatian culture based on studies of pottery preserving human fingerprints originating from the settlement at Kunice. The present authors put into doubt the possibility of determining people's age and gender based on the size of the fingerprints impressed in the clay, this being contrary to dactylographic data and the results of experimental studies on pottery decoration. By the same, they reject the view that these ornamented pieces, believed by the author of the controversial study to have been made by men, were used in metallurgical production, especially as neither the suggestions regarding their separate method of production nor the efforts to explain their function in the casting process have withstood critical analysis. There is no straightforward proof for such an explanation (although one would expect substantial evidence), a fact that Mierzwinski does not believe to be of significance. In consequence, the hypothetical reconstruction of work relations and trade exchange proposed in Mierzwinski's book cannot be regarded as justified.

13

THE OLD HUNGARIAN HORSEMEN NECROPOLIS IN LEVICE-GENA

100%

Nevizansky G.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2006

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vol. 54

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issue 2

285-328

EN

The most northern Old Hungarian big-family burial place at the lower river Hron basin is situated not far from the original flow of the Perec brook. Thirteen inhumation graves were revealed there, two of them with the remains of the younger stallions. The graves were arranged in two rows in the N-S axis. The horseman graves were situated at the dominant place of a sand dune, in the middle of the second row. Apart from one infant burial, others were of the mature individuals. From the weapons only the arrowheads were found. The graves of the buried women included jewellery and the clothing ornaments above all. In the male burials the articles of a daily use together with the weapons were found. Two female skulls bore features of a symbolic trepanation. In two cases the basalt stones were revealed nearby a skeleton. In the richest horseman grave with a female burial, the components of the horse harness were placed together with the silver pentagonal plates from a front cantle, the rivets with a semi globular head and cast openwork square and S-shaped mounts that were interpreted as the hole-guards were buried. The silver square mounts decorated a caftan. A horseman interred in another grave probably participated in a war intervention into Italy somewhere between 937-947, where four silver denarii of Hugo of Provence and Lothar II. (931-945) came from. Some portion of the artifacts found at the burial place under study is of the East-European origin unambiguously. The cast rectangular mount with openwork hole from a Jumsk-type belt has numerous analogies from the 6th-8th centuries at the area of Altai as well as in the steppe and forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe. The necropolis in Levice-Gena was founded somewhere in the first third of the 10th century by the first generation of a newly coming ethnics into the Carpathian basin. Majority of the graves, however, are dated to the second third of the 10th century, when burying was stopped. At the site also the settlement finds dated to the Late Bronze Age and to the 10th-11th centuries (remains of a hut floor and a refuse pit) were excavated. The paper includes also a complete annotated list of 14 older burial places or the grave finds from the 10th and incipient 11th centuries that were revealed in the lower Hron basin.

14

“The past industry”: selected aspects of the commercialisation of the past and products of archaeological knowledge in contemporary Poland

100%

Pawleta M.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2011

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vol. 63

9-54

EN

This paper focuses on the issue of the commercialisation of knowledge of the past and analyses the forms in which it functions, is disseminated and popularised in contemporary society by professional archaeologists as well as amateurs. The subject will be examined from the perspective of processes connected to the current dominant consumptive trends and the so-called 'commodification' of the past, dictated by, among others, the demands of a free market economy as well as wider socio-cultural changes. The result is the transformation of elements of archaeological heritage and knowledge of the past into a commercial product for which a demand in society exists. This paper deals with the following concerns: material reconstructions of the past; historical reenactment; archaeological festivals and other casual adaptations of the past which have purely commercial aims. Whilst by no means claiming to be exhaustive, the aim of this paper is a critical analysis of the phenomena discussed from the angle of the conditions, possibilities and threats they generate, and to indicate that the archaeological milieu must take them into consideration.

15

Rekonstrukční a predikční mapy v archeologii

100%

Kuna M.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2007

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vol. 34

252-260

EN

In archaeology, spatial information is far more important than in other historical disciplines. Archaeological sources do not contain a message in the form of a text, but their message is included in their material form and spatial context. Spatial distribution of artefacts is, therefore, one of the key factors for the understanding of them. Maps and plans of various scales and types appear in all phases of the archaeological research. In the field, plans are an important part of the primary documentation which, in the end, substitutes the archaeological record itself since this is inevitably destroyed by the very excavation. The secondary documentation of finds uses maps, too, mainly for the study of distribution of archaeological types - only in the form of a map it is possible to visualize their spatial patterns and to understand their meaning. There are, however, at least two types of maps the contents of which necessarily go beyond the empirical data; both of them find a wide use in contemporary archaeology. The reconstruction maps are generally understood as maps completing the missing parts of the objects of the map and/or presenting the objects of the map in their expected past form. Predictive maps in archaeology appeared as a consequence of new research chances brought by the technology of geographical information systems in 1990s. Predictive maps are based upon the study of the relation between the past settlement behaviour and some of the landscape features. Altitude, distance from the water source, slope gradient and orientation, visibility and visual dominance of a place, as well as geology and soil cover should be mentioned as elements upon which predictive maps of the archaeological potential may be constructed. The search for the predictive value of various landscape features can largely contribute to a theoretical understanding of the economic, social but also symbolic systems of the past societies. Next to this, predictive maps can find a wide use in the archaeological resource management, e.g. in planning the building and mining areas as well as in planning archaeological rescue excavation within them.

16

ANTHROPOMORPHIC ANTLER SCULPTURES IN ABORA I NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT, LAKE LUBANS WETLAND (Antropomorfas raga skulpturas Aboras I vela neolita apmetne Lubana mitraja)

100%

Loze I.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

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2011

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vol. 14

5-9

EN

The Lake Lubans Wetland in Latvia shows evidence of more than 25 Neolithic settlements. Anthropomorphic antler sculptures from this wetland, as in other parts of the Eastern Baltic and the neighbouring territories, are considered a rare category of finds due to the special conditions of preservation. Two such objects were excavated in 1970 and 1971 at the Late Neolithic site of Abora 1. One is a male figure and the other is asexual. Their age has been calculated based on radiocarbon samples, which were collected during excavations. The anthropomorphic antler figurines correspond to several cultural occupations. The first is characterized by pottery with a smooth surface and the second by all-over-cord impressed and pseudo-textile impressions that are characteristic for Eastern Latvia. The sculptures were discovered in the central, most densely populated part of Abora. The male sculpture (Latvian National History Museum, inv. No. 76: 2262) was found in the north-eastern part of the excavation area, only 1 m north of the disturbed child burial, No. 34. The asexual sculpture (Latvian National History Museum, inv. No. 76: 3833) was uncovered in the central part of the site, in the northern corner of the excavation area F, and only 17 m south of the male sculpture. It came from an oversaturated cultural layer corresponding to the moment of intensive occupation. The anthropomorphic sculptures are made from the widest portion of an elk antler. They show a significant level of technical skill, preparation and proficiency in their manufacture. Both sculptures are three-dimensional, realistically formed figures. The interpretation of the meaning and functions of these Abora figurines may be first approached by examining their integrity as whole or broken objects.

17

CHILDREN'S BURIAL CLOTHES FROM THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURY

100%

Drazkowska A.

Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej

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2006

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vol. 54

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issue 2

211-220

EN

The article is based on the analysis of children's garments, made of silk textiles, found in the course of archaeological exploration in the following churches: the church of the Assumption in Torun, St Nicholas' in Torun, St John's in Gdansk, St Peter and Paul's in Tworków near Jelenia Góra, Blessed Virgin Mary's in Kostrzyn and St John's Cathedral in Lublin. The garments were collected from graves located inside the churches. The analysis has distinguished three classes of burial clothes: burial shirts, also called 'deathly shirts', clothes that were normally worn before they were used for burial, and clothes following the current fashion, prepared specially for the funeral ceremony. Burial shirts were among the simplest and the most widespread forms of clothing used for burial, for both children and adults. Such a shirt was either sewn especially for the interment, or chosen from the dead person's everyday underwear. Children's shirts were found in three graves, in the crypts of the church of the Assumption in Torun (two items dated to the early 17th c.) and in St Peter and Paul's church in Tworków (a shirt dated to the mid 17th c). Shirts specially prepared for the funeral ceremony were usually made of thin silk textiles, plain or patterned. They are knee-long or feet-long. They are very simply cut; usually they were sewn from one or several rectangular pieces of textile. They have no rounded neck openings or armholes (or these are barely marked), and sometimes they lack the back. Elements are joint by loose backstitch or basting, or even only pinned. Garments which were normally worn before they were used in burial do not show features of one-use clothing. They were sewn so as to be usable, durable and comfortable. Thus, they have armholes, rounded neck openings and well-modelled backs. The stitches are dense and neat. Children's clothes of that type were found in St John's Cathedral in Lublin (two zupans, overcoats, two linings; 17th-18th c.) and in St Peter and Paul's church in Tworków (a zupan, end of 17th c.). Those garments became burial clothes only when they were put into the grave with the dead child's body. One-use clothes following the current fashion sewn specially for the funeral ceremony were found in the crypt of Blessed Virgin Mary's church in Kostrzyn (a long dress trimmed with golden lace, shoes and a cap, a dress decorated with bows, swaddling clothes and two caps; 17th/18th c.) and in St Nicholas' church in Torun (a wams with trousers; 2nd half of 17th c.). The style and cut of the front part follow the current vogue but the construction of the back part and the way of fastening elements are characteristic of one-use garments (no rounded neck openings or armholes, a carelessly made or missing back, loose and shoddy stitches, some parts and ornaments only pinned). All the types of burial clothing discussed co-occurred in children's burials, and probably also in adults' burials. (4 fig.)

18

LEPSIUS No. XXV: A PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY

100%

Magdolen D.

Asian and African Studies

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2008

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vol. 17

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issue 2

205 - https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/100213004_Magdolen.pdf223

EN

The author discusses several problems related to the typological determination of the tomb known as Lepsius no. XXV (L 25) recently excavated by the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Charles University in Prague) at Abusir in Egypt. The archaeological excavations revealed a large tomb with badly damaged tomb's superstructure and substructure. The whole tomb can be divided into two parts, eastern and western. In both parts of the tomb's substructure a descending corridor built in the north-south direction and remains of the burial chamber were uncovered. In the eastern part of the tomb's superstructure an entrance with part of a corridor leading deeper into the core of the superstructure was discovered. No traces of any relief decoration were preserved. Some graffiti were found during the excavations including inscriptions in which two signs for the pyramid occur. Very modest remains of the burial equipment and other artefacts including anthropological finds were also discovered during the excavations. In several publications this tomb was described by the excavators as a double pyramid. This study challenges the conclusion that L 25 is to be interpreted as the double pyramid. In this paper the author argues in favour of an alternative interpretation, according to which the architectural remains of the L 25 tomb from the typological point of view indicate rather a mastaba than a double pyramid.

19

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SIGN OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN GODDESS SESHAT DOWN TO THE END OF THE OLD KINGDOM: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. PART TWO

100%

Magdolen D.

Asian and African Studies

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2005

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vol. 14

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issue 2

196-227

EN

In general, the ancient Egyptian deities are distinguished by their names and symbols. In spite of the decipherment of hieroglyphs by J.-F. Champollion in the 1820s and the number of published studies, some of the hieroglyphs and symbols still remain an enigma. The sign of the goddess named Seshat can undoubtedly be included in this category. This paper based on the study of the preserved records presents an attempt to understand the meaning of the hieroglyphic sign and symbol of Seshat, the ancient Egyptian goddess of writing, reckoning and building. The study is divided into three parts. Part One, published Ibid. Vol. 14 (2005) Nr 2, pp.45-55, consists of the iconographic records coming approximately from the beginning of the 3rd millennium B.C. down to the end of the Old Kingdom in the 22nd century B.C. It contains the main information about the sign of Seshat known from the wall reliefs, such as provenance, date, and basic description of each sign etc. Part Two of the study published in this volume of the AAS journal includes the epigraphic records of the sign of Seshat from the same period and with the same characteristics as mentioned above. Part Three intended to be published next year in the first volume of this journal is going to be the final part of the study and will bring the analysis and interpretation of the sign of the goddess Seshat in the context of its development in the Old Kingdom Period.

20

Late Medieval Wrecks from Falsterbo Peninsula (Sweden)

100%

Ossowski W., Krapiec M., Nilsson M.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2003

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vol. 51

167-189

EN

In the 14th-15th centuries the largest herring fisheries could be found on the south-western Scandinavian Peninsula shores. Each year the hanseatic cities organized periodical purchases of herring caught by local fishermen, the fish were cured in barrels and many craft goods were sold during summer and autumn fairs. During the archaeological works conducted in the Falsterbo castle ruins in 1911 six wooden barges and in 1993 the remains of cog like vessels were found. The aim of this paper is to present information on the building and chronology of the wreck that were discovered there. The conducted dendrochronological analysis show that the wood used to build the barge originates from trees which were cut down after 1344, most probably in the late 40s of the 14th century in the vicinity of Gdansk. This is the earliest at the moment example of exports of timbers from the Gdansk - Pomerania region.

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FARSIGHTED VIEW OR AUTHORITY IN TROUBLE

TORSO OF THE MEDIEVAL VILLAGE IN BELUSA

Archaeological Excavations in Marea, Egypt. Campaings 2002-2003

Depotfund aus Skórka, Gde. Krajenka

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FROM THE EDITORS

EXPLORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WESTERN AREA OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT IN SPISSKE TOMASOVCE

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SIGN OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN GODDESS SESHAT DOWN TO THE END OF THE OLD KINGDOM: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. PART TWO