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2
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Ulice i niebo

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PL
Fragment z tomu "Akacje kwitną" Debory Vogel z 1933 roku wraz z komentarzami tłumaczy jej tekstów na język ukraiński oraz japoński.
EN
Fragment from the volume: "Akacje kwitną" by Debora Vogel (1933) together with comments by the translators of her texts into Ukrainian and Japanese.
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Łacińskie wiersze Schellinga

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EN
Interview with poet and headmaster of Mikolowski Institute Maciej Melecki made by Justyna Czechowska about poetry.
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Apokaliptyczny cierń. Apofazy Różewicza

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PL
W niepokojącym wierszu Nauka chodzenia, Tadeusz Różewicz oznajmia: „w ostatnich dwóch latach biorę lekcje/u pastora Dietricha Bonhoeffera”. Widziana z poziomu uklepanych frazesów na temat światopoglądu poety, ta deklaracja musi brzmieć dość zaskakująco. Poeta, którego uznawano za dyżurnego ateistę polskiej poezji, twórca, którego proklamowano jako nihilistę i proroka nicości, zwraca się oto, dość niespodziewanie, w stronę nauk ewangelickiego pastora. Ten gest – na pierwszy rzut oka, może niejasny, może wątpliwy, może samozaprzeczny – da się wszakże zrozumieć, trzeba tylko zacząć kopać poniżej obiegowych banałów. Mówiąc krótko: stawiam tezę, że twórczość Różewicza, zwłaszcza jej późna część, grawituje w stronę pewnej postaci poetyckiej teologii (w wersji mocno nieortodoksyjnej!) a postać protestanta Bonhoeffera jest tego zwrotu widomym śladem. Śladem może nie jedynym, ale na tyle wyrazistym, że warto go podjąć.
EN
In his disturbing poem: nauka chodzenia (Learning to Walk) Tadeusz Różewicz declared: “In the last two years I take lessons / from Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer”. Seen from the level of banal phrases about the poet’s world outlook this declaration must sound rather surprising. An author regarded as the “on call” atheist of Polish poetry, a writer proclaimed as a nihilist and a prophet of nullity, now, rather unexpectedly, turns towards the teachings of an Evangelical pastor. This gesture - at first glance perhaps unclear, doubtful, and self-negating -– can be, however, understood once we begin to dig deeper beneath conventional banalities. In a word: I propose the thesis that the Różewicz oeuvre, in particular its later part, gravitates towards a certain form of poetic theology (in an extremely unorthodox version!) and that the person of the Protestant Bonheoffer is a discernible trace of that turn. Quite possibly it is not the sole trace but sufficiently conspicuous to make following it worthwhile.
EN
This paper outlines the significance of Debora Vogel’s prose in 20th century modernist literature. Additionally, referring to my own experience of translating Vogel’s Acacias Blooming (published in Yiddish in 1935 and Polish in 1936) from Polish and other works from Yiddish, this study explores the characteristics of Vogel’s prose through her original concept of the “montage” as a literary genre, as well as the similarities in literary and artistic concerns between Vogel and Bruno Schulz. First, this study suggests that Debora Vogel, a Yiddish modernist writer who was rediscovered in the mid-2000s and who contributed to modernist Yiddish magazines published in the US, is a key figure in the reevaluation of the modernist movements of Central and Eastern Europe. Vogel’s choice of Yiddish, a language of diaspora that was not her native tongue, enabled her, living in Lviv, the “periphery” of modernist literature and art, to join the forefront of modernist literature flourishing in major cities like Paris, New York or Berlin. Second, by describing the characteristics of Vogel’s prose and her concept of “montage,” this paper explains the difficulty of translating her prose into Japanese (for example, her frequent use of conjunctions like “and” and “but”). Third, this paper identifies similarities in the literary and artistic concerns of Vogel and Schulz as well as their different approaches: first, they attempted to blur the traditional boundary between visual art and literature, and second, they objected to the poetic language proposed by Tadeusz Peiper. Finally, this paper summarizes the current trend in the study of Polish interwar literature in which interwar Polish writers like Vogel, Schulz, or Bruno Jasieński, who were bilingual or multilingual, have become key figures in the present day reevaluation of the modernist maps of the 20th century. Their activities reached beyond the boundaries of language and country, therefore, by searching for the materials written by or on these writers in languages other than Polish, we can discover new networks and extensions of European modernism.
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Milczenie o wierszu „De passage à Paris”

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PL
Co pamięta wiersz? Co w sobie przechowuje? Czego strzeże? Czemu pozwala wychylić się w naszą stronę? W niektórych wierszach trwa coś dojmująco realnego i zarazem nieokreślonego, jakaś rzeczywista obecność – pozbawiona oparcia, zawieszona gdzieś pomiędzy, zawsze w drodze. Ta nieokreślona obecność zjawia się w naszym świecie jako niejasne uczucie, ślad intuicji, afekt pamięci. Ma w sobie lotną lekkość muzycznego pasażu i sama staje się pasażem – przejściem, prześwitem, połączeniem. Sądzę, że zapisem takiej właśnie obecności jest wiersz De passage à Paris Stanisława Balińskiego, a artykuł jest próbą uchwycenia tej obecności w jej różnych i przenikających się modalnościach – od literackich, poprzez egzystencjalne i historyczne, po muzyczne.
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What does a poem remember? What does it store within? What does it guard? Why does it allow to deviate in our direction? Certain poems contain something poignantly real and, at the same time, undefined, some sort of a real presence devoid of support and suspended somewhere in between, always on the move. This nondescript presence appears in our world as an unclear feeling, a trace of intuition, an affection of memory. It contains the volatile lightness of a musical passage, and itself turns into the latter – a transition, a clearance, and a combination. I believe that De passage à Paris by Stanisław Baliński is a record of such a presence, and my article is an attempt at capturing it in assorted mutually permeating modalities - from literary, existential, and historical to musical.
EN
The article investigates the theme of waste in Kacper Bartczak’s poetry volume Pokarm suweren [The Sovereign Food]. An introduction outlining the cultural contexts prefaces the interpretation proper; those contexts are filled with visions of waste dominant in global imagination. The said interpretation touches upon the issue of subjectivity in the poems, the understanding of which is conditional upon are contexts of moving and transforming characteristic of the lifecycle of waste in various spaces. Other notions interpreted herein are language interceptions frequent in the volume along with Bartczak’s “notional recycling.” Within the mentioned waste contexts, the author of the article also places the problem of political and social resounding of the discussed poems.
EN
The presented review concerns Krzysztof Siwczyk’s latest book of poetry. Jasnopis, published under the imprint of a5 publisher in 2016, refers to the subject matter that the poet has dealt with so far; however, clothing it a new, lighter, less complicated dress; following the current trends and at the same time resigning from all extravagance. The unpredictable world was closed in a quite predictable and tamed form. Yet, the present review focuses not only on the issues raised by the poems included in the volume, but also on the analysis of the poetic mechanisms employed by the author, the examination of the dialogue which Siwczyk establishes with other contemporary writers. Moreover, the reviewer attempts to situate the latest collection of the Silesian writer on the map of his previous poetic works.
EN
The article investigates the theme of waste in Kacper Bartczak’s poetry volume Pokarm suweren [The Sovereign Food]. An introduction outlining the cultural contexts prefaces the interpretation proper; those contexts are filled with visions of waste dominant in global imagination. The said interpretation touches upon the issue of subjectivity in the poems, the understanding of which is conditional upon are contexts of moving and transforming characteristic of the lifecycle of waste in various spaces. Other notions interpreted herein are language interceptions frequent in the volume along with Bartczak’s “notional recycling.” Within the mentioned waste contexts, the author of the article also places the problem of political and social resounding of the discussed poems.
EN
The article offers a survey of the reception of Ovid in the Wawrzyniec Korwin’s astronomical dissertation Cosmographia dans manuductionem in tabulas Ptolemaei (ed. 1496) by applying literary perspectives of such Ovid`s poems as Metamorphoses, Fasti, Epistulae ex Ponto, Amores and Heroides. The title Korwin’s take on Ovid hints at the actual and real potential of his heritage that is both a fixed, poetic base shared by Korwin since his study at the Cracow Academy as well as a body of references constantly being reinterpreted in response to astronomical and geographical challenges of the work of the Polish writer. The reader is given an insight into the processes shaping Korwin’s borrowings from Ovid and the importance of Cosmographia to the Polish Renaissance culture.
EN
The interview covers the subject of Stanisław Barańczak and his works. Pondering on the way the poet pictures the existence of God in his poems is an important part of the text. Another crucial subject is the way Barańczak deals with his illness and portrays it in his poetic works. In the interview Jerzy Kandziora – an exquisite reasercher of the poetry written by Barańczak and Jerzy Ficowski − mentions his private relationship with both Barańczak and his wife.
PL
Intersemiotyczny model przekładu jawi się jako dialog między różnymi gatunkami i mediami, który charakteryzuje się wzajemnym efektem odbicia lustrzanego. Średniowieczna narracja zostaje przetłumaczona na narrację filmową dzięki galerii obrazów – znaków niewerbalnych. Ten rodzaj przekładu ujawnia semiotyczną złożoność podobną do tej właściwiej oryginałowi. Twórca filmu – fidus interpres – naśladuje sztukę średniowiecznego barda czy minstrela i pozostaje wierny duchowi mitu. Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie metamorfozy mitu od średniowiecznej p o e z j i do f i l m o w e j narracji. Argumentacja autorek przebiega dwutorowo: 1) rozważania na temat heroicznego monomitu – jego fabuły, tematów, motywów umocowanych w horyzontalnym/narracyjnym następstwie ujęć; 2) ujawnienie interakcji między formuliczną strukturą planszy z napisami a tradycją poezji epickiej.
EN
The intersemiotic model of translation exhibits itself as a dialogue between various genres and media, which is marked by the reciprocal looking glass effect. A medieval narrative is translated into a cinematic narrative by a gallery of images – non-verbal signs. This kind of translation reveals similar semiotic complexity as that of the original. The film producer – the fidus interpres – imitates the art of the oral epic singer and remains faithful to the spirit of myth. The aim of this paper is to contemplate the metamorphosis of myth from the medieval poetic to the cinematic narrative. The argument of the authors proceeds in the following way: (1) to consider the heroic monomyth – its plot, theme, and motifs – as embedded in the horizontal/narrative successions of shots; (2) to reveal the interaction between the formulaic structure of the intertitles and oral epic poetry.
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Poetic Lithuania of Miłosz

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EN
The article deals with the images of Lithuania found in Czesław Miłosz’s poetry. The novels and essays have only been used to confirm the conclusions drawn from the interpretation of selected poems. Despite the frequently-declared unwillingness of the author of Dolina Issy (The Valley of the Issa) to accept and use any autobiographical elements in literature, the land of his childhood has always been present in all the poet’s works. The explanation of this fascination with nostalgia seems to be unsatisfactory. The author of the article perceives the poetic images of Lithuania created by the uprooted immigrant as a symbol of his inner, not purely geographical, settlement. The subject of the discussion is the ever-changing perception of the Eastern-Borderland, which corresponds to particular stages of the protagonist’s journey through life. The starting point is the experience of eviction. It modifies the originally idealized vision of the “little homeland” and makes the hero’s attempt to reject or “amputate” it. The poems from the Światło dzienne (Daylight) collection surprise the reader by a hostile attitude towards the poet’s youth spent in Lithuania and the perception of those early memories as some destructive forces threatening the artist. It is only after a many years’ quest that the borderland heritage is appreciated and conquered again. Now, however, it acquires a different, more symbolic form. The cycle Miasto bez imienia (A Town without a Name) and the poem Gdzie wschodzi słońce i kędy zapada (Where the Sun Rises and Sets) are evidence of a gradual transformation. The faithful recreation in the poet’s memory of particular places and people changes into the construction of some outside religious space, built from the traces of the real world. Lithuania changes into a perfect reality, a Super-Land, capable of retaining the past and combining it with the present. It is a prop freeing the poet from the waste land of Urizen.
EN
Czesław Miłosz’s poetry displays two reverberating topics which may be defined as contradictory existence and world experiences. One of those is the admiration for the beauty of the world and awe consequent upon capturing the simultaneous existence of individual entities (Amazement), whilst the other is the topic of the lack of fulfilment, torment, the feeling of lack of authenticity, blame, and shame (This).Miłosz depicted his “I” (represented by various personae), the split between individual consciousness, a strong sense of individuality, distinct from the commune of ordinary people (a strand salient in the pre-war volume Three Winters), at the same time nurturing a feeling of strong bonds with the society.The poet’s self-reflection holds for both topics, while the autobiographic discourse is orientated to the questions about the functions of the poetic language and about the status and sense of poetry, thereby addressing the self-topicality.
EN
This paper has two aims: on the one hand, to compare Joan Oliver’s Bestiari with works such as Bestiaire ou cortège d’Orphée by Guillaume Apollinaire (1911), “Bestiario” by Ramón del Valle-Inclán (in La Pipa de Kif, 1919), The animaux et leurs hommes. The hommes et leurs animaux by Paul Éluard (1920) and, above all, Histoires naturelles by Jules Renard (1896), in search of possible influences and coincidences. The other aim is to classify and analyze the poems in order to clarify the intention with which Oliver wrote the Bestiari and to relate it to the didactic and moral purpose of medieval Bestiaries and ancient Fables.
EN
The article describes Russian translations of literary works by authors from Warmia and Mazury: Marek Barański, Tomasz Białkowski, Alicja Bykowska-Salczyńska. Zbigniew Chojnowski, Wojciech Kass, Włodzimierz Kowalewski, Jan Pietrzyk and Krzysztof Szatrawski, from the perspective of the perception of the national, social and cultural identity of Warmia and Mazury. All these works have been translated by Igor Belov and published in the journal “Baltika-Kaliningrad” (2017/4).
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The aim of the article is to argue that Tuwim’s way of conceptualizing both the world and poetry was based on the principle of stanza. In his opinion, the entire world and our experience of it reach us in a stanzaic form. In Tuwim’s writing the stanza could be compared to an atom of poetic structure. It also builds our primary consciousness of language. The stanzaic structure of our poetic and linguistic experience imposes an order on the universe as we see it. Tuwim hears and thinks his world as a stanza.
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Content available

Druže Tito svi smo mi – ti

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EN
The article describes different ways of depicting Josip Broz Tito in poems which embody socialistic values. The notion of the Government relies on the idea of the abscence, and the exact abscence requires the image in order to be effective. This is the key role of poetry, which conveyed the constructs of both individual and social illusion.
EN
Translation of poetry relies on some strategies that envisage the text as a unit of translation. Consequently, the translator will adapt his/her methods according to the type of text, focusing also on the target culture. Metaphors, as stylistic devices of poetry, are culturally bounded to a certain way of viewing the world; that is, the translator must take into account first the culture involved in the translation process and then the linguistic and formal aspects.
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