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Wpływ akcesji krajów Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej do Unii Europejskiej na strukturę wymiany handlowej ugrupowania

100%
Pera B.
International Business and Global Economy
|
2014
|
vol. Volume 33
62–76
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the impact on the European Union’s trade structure arising from the Eastern enlargements. The effects of economic integration resulting from the participation of a certain country in the EU’s internal market were reviewed at the beginning. Afterward, the intra- and extra-EU trade structure by member state and product group with the CEE countries’ share in it in years 2004–2012 was analyzed. The group-average clustering was the method used to show the similarities in their share in the EU trade structure. Ten years after the Eastern enlargements the share of the CEE countries in the EU trade, both geographic and sectoral orientation of their trade flows, is rising, but still is rather low comparing to the EU-15. The main reason for this situation is their very large economic distance from the EU-15
2
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Miary internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw – przegląd wybranych koncepcji i badań

100%
Pera B.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2017
|
vol. 319
184-198
PL
Celem artykułu jest przegląd miar internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstwa w świetle studiów i wybranych koncepcji literatury przedmiotu oraz prezentacja ich wykorzystania w biznesie międzynarodowym. W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto również próbę wskazania kierunków zmian zachodzących w podejściu do wskaźników stosowanych do pomiaru umiędzynarodowienia działalności przedsiębiorstwa. Punkt wyjścia do dalszych rozważań stanowi krótka prezentacja przesłanek pomiaru internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstwa. W kolejnej części artykułu scharakteryzowano miary umiędzynarodowienia przedsiębiorstwa i dokonano ich klasyfikacji. Wybrane koncepcje i badania w zakresie pomiaru internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstwa stanowią ostatnią część tego opracowania. Na podstawie analizy literatury podjęto próbę określenia dalszych kierunków rozwoju badań nad wykorzystaniem miar internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw.
EN
A review of measures for internationalisation of the enterprise, based on studies and chosen concepts of the literature and the evaluation of the exploiting them in the international business, is a purpose of the article. In the paper an attempt to show the directions of the changes in the approach towards applied measuring internationalisation was also made. At the beginning shortly conditions of measuring internationalisation were presented. In the next part of the article measures of internationalising the enterprise were characterised. Chosen concepts and papers regarding the internationalisation in the context of measuring the enterprise, constitute the last part of this study. On the basis of an analysis of literature an attempt to show the directions of research development on exploiting measures of the internationalisation of enterprises was made.
3
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Znaczenie regionalnych porozumień handlowych Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym Polski na tle wybranych państw członkowskich

100%
Pera B.
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
|
2015
|
issue 3
101-120
EN
The aim of the paper is to present the impact of EU preferential agre¬ements on Polish and selected Member States trade exchange. The EU preferential agreements compared to main states participating in global trade were reviewed at the beginning. Afterwards the infl uence of these regulations on EU export and import was included in the paper. The empirical research based on statistical data on Polish, Czech, Austrian and Swedish export and import with non member countries that signed the preferential agreements was presented in the paper. The study covered the period 2007–2013 and included trade flows with developed and developing countries. Moreover the goods were divided intotwo groups: primary and manufactured products. The EU regional trade agreements being currently under negotiations were considered in the paper as well. The countries which concluded preferential agreements have rather low share in Polish export and import comparing to Austrian and Swedish foreign trade.
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