Search results - CEJSH

1

Zasada ważenia interesów w planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym a zasada proporcjonalności. Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego w Warszawie z dnia 11 stycznia 2017 r., II OSK 932/15 – aprobująca

100%

Woźniak M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2017

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vol. 15

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issue 4

119-127

PL

Presented glossary to the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court in Warsaw of 11 January 2017 (II OSK 932/15) is approved and polemic. The position of the Supreme Administrative Court has been divided that the municipal authorities may, in the local spatial development plan they formulate, restrict the rights of the owners in order to fully realize other values which they consider more important. When discussing polemics with the views expressed in the explanatory memorandum, three factors have been identified in this statement, which have determined the outcome of the findings of the local spatial development plan, the requirements of the public interest, and the future rights of third parties. As a consequence, it was recognized that the statutory principle of weighing interests – by referring to the constitutional principle of proportionality – was consistent with the system of application of the law of planning and spatial planning and shaping the correct relationship between the public interest and individual interests.

2

Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 8 maja 2018 r., II OSK 1357/17 – aprobująca

100%

Woźniak M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2019

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vol. 17

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issue 2

125-132

EN

The judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 8 May 2018 concerns the issue of relations of property rights to public interest, in connection with the resolution of the commune council, regarding the creation of a culture park. The resolution introduces a specific public-law regime in a given area, taking into account the general needs, which simultaneously causes interference in the sphere of subjective rights, in particular through a system of prohibitions and restrictions. The judgment is based on the conviction that there is a need in the public space to protect cultural values. In the aspect of the constitutional principle of proportionality, it is also important to consider the private interest in the area covered by protection in the form of a culture park.

3

Materialnoprawne desygnaty interesu publicznego w planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Przegląd literatury i orzecznictwa

94%

Woźniak M.

Studia BAS

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2023

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issue 1(73)

87-101

XX

In the article, the author presents the concept of public interest in spatial planning and development from the perspective of selected specific regulations. The subject of the analysis are certain requirements of environmental protection, including water management and protection of agricultural and forest land; requirements of protection of cultural heritage and monuments, as well as contemporary cultural assets, and the need to ensure an adequate quantity and quality of water for the purpose of supplying the population. The author is of the opinion that the statutory definition of public interest does not capture its essence. Therefore, the reconstruction of this concept should be made from the perspective of the designations of public interest which can be decoded by means of laws from the sphere of substantive administrative law.

4

Konflikt interesu publicznego z prywatnym na tle instytucji wywłaszczenia nieruchomości

94%

Stawecki M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2012

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vol. 15

221-229

EN

Ownership, as a basic value of a legal state is the subject to special protection guaranteed by a basic law. However, in certain situations acting for the benefit of public interest is, according to a legislator, takes priority over private ownership. Thus, in cases when public interest is at stake limitation of ownership title to property can be permitted by regulations. Expropriation of private property for the sake of public good is the solution used for many years in Poland and in other countries. Basic preconditions for expropriation are described in art. 21 section 2 of The Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Private ownership in art. 21 of Polish Constitution was defined in a very general context without defining the subject. Thus, all the ownership is the subject to state protection without specifying the principles of this protection, which are regulated by ordinary acts. Guaranteeing right to private ownership does not mean the right is inviolable. Constitution allows for property expropriation for the benefit of public purposes after a just compensation. However, it must be emphasized that regulations relating to the rules of property expropriation as a special form of depriving ownership right by means of authoritarian state act, which is the exception from general civil and legal principles of transferring ownership title, must be applied literally, excluding admissibility of extensive interpretation. Provisions of the constitution are defined in the regulations of the Real Estate Management Act from 21st August 1997.

5

Społeczna funkcja własności w planowaniu przestrzennym

94%

Werner W. A.

MAZOWSZE Studia Regionalne

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2018

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issue 25

61-70

PL

Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy wymaga coraz częściej korygowania interpretacji prawa własności w kierunku ograniczania właściciela w jego wykonywaniu. Własność nie jest bezwzględnym prawem podmiotowym, lecz funkcją społeczną, a granice prawa własności wyznaczają ustawy i zasady współżycia (interesu) społecznego. Prawo własności nieruchomości odgrywa szczególną rolę w odniesieniu do planowania przestrzennego w skali makro oraz w skali pojedynczych inwestycji, stanowi bowiem immanentną część konsekwencji ekonomicznych. Egzekutorami ograniczania prawa własności są organy państwowe i samorządowe, których zadaniem są nie tylko prawnie uzasadnione decyzje wywłaszczenia, lecz również nadzór nad współzależnością wartości strat i rekompensat. Istotną rolę kontrolną w procesie zmian własnościowych pełni tzw. informacja publiczna, umożliwiająca zainteresowanym właścicielom wgląd w zamiary projektowanych przekształceń.

EN

Socio-economic development increasingly calls for revised interpretations of the right of ownership that would impose restraints on the owners in exercising their right. Rather than being an absolute substantive right, the right of ownership is a social function; its boundaries are delimited by legislative acts as well as by the public interest and the standards of communal conduct. Ownership of real property plays a special role with respect to spatial planning, both at the macro level and at the level of individual investment projects, by virtue of being an immanent part of its economic consequences. Restraints on the right of ownership are applied by government agencies and municipal authorities, whose task is not only to issue legally sound compulsory purchase orders, but also to ensure that the compensations paid to owners are commensurate with their losses. In the process of ownership changes, an important controlling role is played by public information programs enabling any concerned owners to inspect the envisaged transformations.

6

From public domain to public interest

94%

Wilf S.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2020

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vol. 82

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issue 2

5-18

EN

This brief essay is an exploration of how the public domain came to achieve its place as a focus of attention, how it shaped a generation of scholars, and why public interest might be a more salient construct for thinking about how to foster a public-directed system of global knowledge governance. In short, this is the story of the rise, fall, and reincarnation – as public interest – of the public domain.

7

Public interest and bankruptcy between administration and jurisdiction

94%

Perfetti L. R.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2023

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vol. 13

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issue 3

209-233

EN

The purpose of the work is to study the relevance of the public interest in corporate crisis procedures, with reference to banking companies. Traditionally, it is believed that the purpose of crisis resolution procedures is to ensure the satisfaction of creditors, without regard to other interests. This is a view that, although widespread, is not convincing. The enterprise is always a synthesis of a plurality of interests, some of public significance. This does not detract from the fact that, in some cases, these interests take a simplified form, so that the management of the crisis can be handed over to the Courts, which are also responsible for taking care of the public interest already specified into the law. On the other hand, in the case of enterprises whose activity is relevant to the enjoyment of fundamental rights, incorporation, management and dissolution are relevant to the public interest. This explains why the domain of crisis resolution procedures is assigned to the executive power. However, there is a difference between administrative discretion and political choice, so that the crisis resolution instruments that apply to banking enterprises are more effective, both because the administration is represented by an independent authority and because the law more clearly identifies the public interest scope of preserving the enterprise.

8

Geography in Russia: education and publick interest

94%

Solomin V., Suchorukov V.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica

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2013

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vol. 4 Współczesne obszary badań w dydaktyce geografii

126-131

EN

In the article, the terms of the public interest in Russia are discussed, among which are the natural resources and the humanitarian component, including the geographic entity, the state plays an important role.

9

100 dni obowiązywania ustawy o przewadze kontraktowej

94%

Adamczewski P.

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny

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2017

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vol. 6

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issue 8

9-16

PL

W artykule omówiono pierwsze sto dni obowiązywania ustawy z dnia 15 grudnia 2016 r. o przeciwdziałaniu nieuczciwemu wykorzystywaniu przewagi kontraktowej w obrocie produktami rolnymi i spożywczymi. Autor przedstawił prowadzone przez Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów postępowania związane z wykorzystywaniem przewagi kontraktowej, a także zastosowanie innych instrumentów znajdujących się w kompetencji organu. Następnie rozwinął zagadnienie współdziałania Prezesa UOKiK z innymi podmiotami w zakresie zarówno spraw rozpoznawanych przez organ, jak i możliwego procesu legislacyjnego. Kolejną kwestią analizowaną przez autora było propagowanie przepisów ustawy o przewadze kontraktowej i aktualne problemy związane z jej stosowaniem. Autor wskazał, że aktualnie priorytetowe jest właściwe określenie pojęcia interesu publicznego na potrzeby przedmiotowej ustawy oraz otwarte podejście do definicji praktyk naruszających tę ustawę z należytym uwzględnieniem analiz ekonomicznych. W wyniku tej analizy autor doszedł do wniosku, że pomimo bardzo krótkiego okresu obowiązywania ustawy o przewadze kontraktowej doszło do szeregu działań związanych z realizacją jej przepisów, ale wciąż większość pojawiających się w niej pojęć wymaga rozwinięcia poprzez działalność orzeczniczą organu i sądów, a także twórczą doktryny prawa.

EN

The article discusses 100 days of the Act of 15th December 2016 on the unfair use of contractual advantage in the trade in agricultural and food products. The author describes the cases that the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (referred as the President of the UOKIK) is currently dealing with along with other instruments used as a tool in combating unfair practices. Next issue tackled is the cooperation of the President of the UOKiK with other relevant bodies in the context of handled cases and possible legislation process. Afterwards the author analyses the popularization of the Act among the public and the obstacles met with its application. The author stresses that at this moment crucial seems to be finding an accurate meaning of the term public interest used in the context of the Act and the flexible approach to the scope of practices described as unfair (keeping in mind the economic analyses). As a result, the author states that despite the very limited time of the Act in force there have been numerous actions taken. Still there are ambiguous terms of the Act that should be elaborated by the court’s ruling and the doctrine.

10

Access to Financial Information for Tax Purposes and Proportionality – Balancing Public Interest with the Protection of Privacy

94%

Teixeira G., Pinho M. F., Teixeira H.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

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2023

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vol. 3

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issue 39

7-14

EN

The purpose of the article is to analyse how to balance public interests with the protection of privacy in the tax field. It has not been an easy task especially in the context of access to financial information. In this area, the compromise to achieve transparency needs to pay regard to the principle of proportionality, as reinforced by recent case law of the ECJ, and align with specific legislation such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation and recently enacted EU Digital Services Act. It is extremely important to investigate the possible consequences of acting against fundamental rights that are attributed to European citizens (and not only), such as the right to privacy and the protection of personal data. The paper aims to provide relevant and further insight to paths that lead to a fair way to handle such relevant information. Every citizen, every academically inclined and dedicated individual, every public official, every judicial agent, must question whether the public interest can ever, or at least, recurrently, surpass a fundamental right to privacy, specially, in a sensible area as the financial information of an individual. Such actions can often lead, if mistakes are made along the way, to dangerous outcomes, such as public humiliation, and can even harm the person’s professional and personal life. Methodology. In the course of the paper, an analysis is made of public decisions taken in cases across the European continent. Additionally, some considerations are made about the recent legislation that is produced by competent authorities, particularly the European Institutions. Results of the research. The authors offer a personal insight regarding the information that has been gathered, confirming some significant concerns. What is of crucial importance, as stated in the title of this article, is a well established balance between the public interest and the protection of privacy, with explained and defined possible paths to follow.

11

Concordance of General Clauses in Tax Law

94%

Münnich M.

Teka Komisji Prawniczej

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2021

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vol. 14

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issue 2

353-362

EN

Pursuant to their constitutional model, general clauses protect, in the most general terms, the interest: general, universal or the interest or good of an individual. Unfortunately, this clear and evident categorisation of general clauses is absent in the tax law regulations. The aim of this article is to present an exhaustive catalogue of such indeterminate expressions, encoded in the specific provisions of the general and particular tax law. The study also aims to demonstrate the problems related to the interpretation of such expressions in the process of applying the law. It should be stressed that the diversity of tax law general clauses results in problems with their unambiguous interpretation. A correct interpretation of the scope of meaning of the given general clause requires advanced knowledge on the part of the interpreter, since in tax law, the same-sounding clauses, which operate in different legal acts, refer to distinct extralegal domains. For these reasons the interpretation of such indeterminate expressions should never be limited only to a superficial, semantic (dictionary-level) explanation of the meaning of particular words.

12

The interpretation of the notion of public interest in Polish public competition law according to the judgement of the Court of Competition and Consumer Protection of February 4, 2015 (XVII AmA 163/11)

94%

RADUŁA M.

Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)

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2017

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issue No. 2

131-145

EN

The notion of a public interest in administrative law science and in the administration science occupies the central position in the notion chart. Consequently, it is also the main notion of public protection of competition. The legislator has not decided to present a definition of “the public interest” in the Competition and Consumer Protection Law Act. As a result, interpretation of the concept is largely dependent on the judicature. The aim of the paper is to analyse the notion of a public interest and its interpretation both in science and in practice of law application.

13

Konstytucyjny model pieczy nad zawodami zaufania publicznego

94%

Świderski K.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2024

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issue 1 (45)

61-88

EN

The article presents selected problems concerning custody for persons with professions of public trust. First, attention is drawn to the historical understanding of custody. In the past, custody was perceived as a manifestation of managing administration. The current way of thinking about custody results from the custody model contained in Art. 17 section 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Exercising custody is one of the forms of coercive professional self-governing body activity. Custody is exercised by an entity endowed with administrative power, which is a component of public authorities. The purpose of custody is to protect the public interest, understood primarily as building public trust. The basic factors that build public trust are high professionalism of services, the obligation to maintain professional secrecy, and providing citizens with full information about the service provided. Activities undertaken as part of the exercise of custody serve the purpose of enhancing and protecting public trust. Custody is exercised with regard to persons performing professions of public trust. Such persons remain outside the public administration and perform professional activities on their own account and in their own name. These are private individuals that render specialized services which are important from the point of view of the basic goods of an individual, such as health, property interests or personal rights. Administrative custody is exercised to ensure that the needs of citizens are properly met. The competent professional self-government bodies should ensure the conditions for providing citizens with the best quality services in the field of health care, legal protection, property protection and wherever public safety is concerned. Exercising custody by professional self-governments makes it possible to interfere with authority in socially important activities undertaken by persons outside the structures of public administration.

14

Małżeństwa jednopłciowe i interes publiczny w orzecznictwie amerykańskiej judykatywy

94%

Prostak R.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2014

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issue 2(121)

89-106

EN

On 26 June 2013, the Federal Supreme Court of the United States released a judgment in the United States v. Windsor, in which it challenged the constitutionality of the defi nition of marriage under federal law. In reasons for its decision, the Court confi rmed the unfounded exclusion of samesex marriages, concluded under state law, from access to entitlements associated with the institution of marriage. Making its decision the court applied a rational basis review, one of the three standard test in the review of the constitutionality of legislative interference with individual rights in the United States. The author provides a reconstruction of the content of public interest associated with the institution of marriage, and acquaint the Polish reader with the controversies associated with the application of rational basis review by the U.S. judiciary in matters concerning the rights of homosexuals.

15

Public interest in the enforceability of labour law with an accent on the remuneration of dependent work

94%

Blažek M., Smejkal M.

Studia Iuridica

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2023

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vol. 98

33-50

EN

The presented article focuses on the protection of employees’ income, one of the many public interests the state pursues. Legislation creates several levels of employee income protection, from which the public interest of the state in this area of regulation can be induced. The article describes the substantive and procedural instruments of employee protection and compares specific forms of regulation in different legal systems. Based on these findings, appropriate de lege ferenda changes to regulation are presented, proposed, and argued. Finally, the article draws attention to the close connection between the world of work, labour regulation, financial (tax) law and economics, and hopes to instigate discussions between experts across the different legal sectors.

16

Aspekty dobra wspólnego w aktywności administracji publicznej

84%

Krawczyk M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2018

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vol. 16

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issue 1 (3)

37-46

PL

The article concerns the issue of common good in the activity of public administration. It is exactly the aspects of this “good” which have a direct influence on the motives behind administrative actions. It turns out that what is “common” can be understood as pertaining to entire society, but also in relation to individual interests. The public administration, although traditionally connected only to the public interest, also implements the good of the individual and this not only indirectly, as it has been noted in the literature of the subject so far, but also independently. Because the common good has its different aspects in the sense that it does not have to mean only values of a strictly general dimension. This may be significant for the definitional purpose to the very administration itself and testifies, at the same time, to the multidimensional nature of contemporary public administration. The considerations are developed with reference to potential relations of public interest and the individual one, in which the most important place is occupied by conflict of these interests.

17

Profesora Jana Bocia koncepcja interesu w prawie administracyjnym

84%

Wożniak M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2018

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vol. 16

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issue 1 (1)

165-174

EN

This paper does not aspire to offer an overall presentation of Prof. Jan Boć’s contribution to the concept of interest, but is intended to point out several views of this author on the design of legal interest in administrative law, including an attempt to assess their validity.Some of these views now require revising, others give them a fresh look. Professor Jan Boć commented on the relationship between public law and private law, made successful attempts to define the relationship. In the area of Professor Jan Boc’s academic interests, there has always been the individual, and therefore the Professor devoted considerable space in his work to the construction of legal interest of the individual, which went beyond the traditional definition describing the conceptof public interest.

18

Public Interest and Access to Justice: A Liminal Analysis

83%

Winczorek J.

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej

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2020

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vol. 3(24)

24-40

PL

Artykuł stawia tezę że między dostępem do prawa i interesem publicznym istnieje sprzeczność. Twierdzenie to uzasadnia przeprowadzając przegląd wybranych argumentów na rzecz dostępu do prawa I odnosząc się do danych empirycznych. Następnie interpretuje sprzeczność przy użyciu socjologicznej teorii prawa, pozwalającej na wskazanie strukturalnych przyczyn tej sprzeczności. Aby pogodzić dostęp do prawa z interesem publicznym, system prawny musi wytworzyć semantykę pozwalającą na lepsze pojmowanie warunków inkluzji społecznej. W szczególności, system prawny powinien w końcu odrzucić przednowoczesną koncepcję dostępu do prawa, zorientowaną na dobroczynność, być w stanie odnieść się do dostępu do prawa jako całości I podejmować kwestię warunków inkluzji prawnej. Jeśli to się nie stanie, konflikt między obydwiema wartościami będzie się reprodukował. Ujęcie dostępu do prawa zaproponowane przez Cappellettiego et al w latach 70 XX wieku jest dobrym punktem wyjścia, ale jest dalece niewystarczające…

EN

The paper argues that there exists a contradiction between access to justice and public interest. It substantiates this claim by reviewing selected arguments for access to justice and by referring to empirical evidence. The contradiction is then interpreted using a sociological theory of law, which enables establishing the structural reasons for such a clash. In order to reconcile access to justice with the public interest, the legal system must develop the semantics allowing for a better understanding of social inclusion conditions. In particular, the legal system must finally do away with pre-modern charity-oriented concept of access to justice, be able to grasp access to justice in its totality and reflect on conditions of legal inclusion. If it fails to do that, it is doomed to reproduce the conflict. The concept of access to justice developed by Cappelletti and others in the 1970s is a good point of departure here, but it is by far insufficient.

19

Communication Policy Challenges of Ukraine in the Context of its European Integration

83%

Karpchuk N.

Historia i Polityka

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2015

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issue 14(21)

51-65

EN

Ukraine headed for European integration in 1998 when the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine came into force. In the following years the Ukrainian society has been preparing to the state’s prospective accession to the EU. However, on 21 November the course of Ukraine drastically changed and the Ukrainian society exploded. The lack of efficient communication policy, specifically close cooperation between the state authorities and the public, absolute disregard for Ukrainians’ interests and requirements became the catalyst of mass protests. The aim of the article is to study the evolution of the development of communication interaction between the authorities and the civil society, to research the reasons of challenges Ukraine has faced in the past years. The article focuses on the legal grounds and the mechanisms of development of Ukraine’s communication policy directions.

20

Zasada racjonalności w zjawisku administracji publicznej w kontekście tzw. prywatyzacji zadań publicznych

83%

Pakuła A.

Prawo

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2017

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issue 323

77-85

EN

Public administration is also asocial phenomenon. Performing of public tasks is asocial activity. They may take the form of purposefully rational and valuably rational activities. Entrusting public tasks to non-public entities should be primarily seen as avaluably rational activity. Fundamental value is the public interest.

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