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1

The Legal, Political, Philosophical and Religious Dimension of Socrates’ Trial and Execution

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Beys K. E.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2010

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vol. 1

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issue 1

45-56

EN

The article deals with the legal, political, philosophical and religious dimensions of Socrates’ trial and execution. It considers the issue in five separate aspects: 1) the validity of charging Socrates with impiety and corrupting the youth of the Athens; 2) the legal basis of the philosopher’s indictment; 3) the then manner of conducting a legal trial in the Athens; 4) the extent to which Socrates’ conviction can ultimately be characterized as unjust and - finally - 5) the cultural ramifications of the philosopher’s trial and execution.

2

Why Not Escape? On the Hosiotes in Plato’s Crito

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Komorowska J.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

169-182

EN

While the article discusses the factors that motivated Socrates’ decisionin the Crito, it emphasizes the possible cultural import of the choiceundertaken in the aftermath of the political upheavals in the late fifthcentury. It is also argued here that as Plato’s dialogue were written inthe period that followed the renewal of the Athenian politeia, it shouldbe perceived as having its roots both in the historical reality of its narrativefocus (i.e. Socrates’ trial) and in the then reality of Plato’s Athens(i.e., its political stability dependent on the ephebic oath).

3

Z nowych badań nad dialogiem Sokratejskim

93%

Torbus S.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

217-220

EN

Livio Rossetti, Le dialogue socratique, Éditions Les Belles Lettres, Paris 2011, ss. 296.

4

Socrates’ Philosophy as a Divine Service in Plato’s Apology

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Tymura D.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

183-190

EN

The aim of the present paper is to discuss Socrates’ idea of philosophy asa service to the god. First the article investigates why Chaerephon wentto Delphi and why he asked Pythia the famous question concerningSocrates. The investigation provides a basis for distinguishing two majorperiods in his activity. The one preceding the Delphic oracle consists inconducting inquiries in a group of closest friends. The one following theDelphic oracle consist in addressing a much larger audience. An analysisof both periods suggests that the oracle from Delphi greatly affectedSocrates’ relations with other Athenians. While the present article dealsalso with the issue of Socrates’ daimonion, it hypothesizes that the voiceof daimonion and the voice of Pythia could be regarded as Apollo’sinterventions.

5

A Socrates That Does Not Listen. The Euthyphro Case

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Rossetti L.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

25-38

EN

Walter Kohan has recently observed that Socrates does not seem particularly interested in the opinions of his interlocutors. Consequently, the philosopher is not really involved in a peer to peer relation with them, but rather embarks upon the task of annihilating their ideas. With the situation being as it is, the image of Socrates as a champion of dialogue begins to wobble. While the present paper aims to discuss these claims, a number of issues needs to be accounted for. First of all, the Socratic dialogue does begin in a characteristically symmetrical way, but it becomes more and more asymmetric as the elenchos begins to appear. This is due to the fact the elenchos makes the interlocutors defensive, whereas Socrates can attack freely. Given that, Kohan’s claims seem justified and enlightening, but they should not be regarded as conclusive, since one must neither forget nor undervalue how innovative it was to replace monologue speeches with one-to-one dialogues which offered the opportunity of being involved in unforeseeable conversations.

IT

Walter Kohan has recently observed that Socrates does not seem particularly interested in the opinions of his interlocutors. Consequently, the philosopher is not really involved in a peer to peer relation with them, but rather embarks upon the task of annihilating their ideas. With the situation being as it is, the image of Socrates as a champion of dialogue begins to wobble. While the present paper aims to discuss these claims, a number of issues needs to be accounted for. First of all, the Socratic dialogue does begin in a characteristically symmetrical way, but it becomes more and more asymmetric as the elenchos begins to appear. This is due to the fact the elenchos makes the interlocutors defensive, whereas Socrates can attack freely. Given that, Kohan’s claims seem justified and enlightening, but they should not be regarded as conclusive, since one must neither forget nor undervalue how innovative it was to replace monologue speeches with one-to-one dialogues which offered the opportunity of being involved in unforeseeable conversations.

6

Ethical Dimension of Time in Plato’s Apology of Socrates

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Pacewicz A.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

123-138

EN

The aim of the present article is to analyse the Apology in its aspect of time. When defending himself against the charges, Socrates appeals to the past, the present and the future. Furthermore, the philosopher stresses the meaning of the duration of time. Thus, the seems to suggest that all really important activities demand a long time to benefit, since they are almost invariably connected with greater efforts. While the dialogue proves thereby to be an ethical one, the various time expressions also gain an ethical dimension.

7

Socrates and Business Ethics. Considerations on the ethical origins of responsibility

93%

Podrez E.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 8

7-18

EN

The presented work attempts to show a link between business and global responsibility, and the Socratic idea of self-knowledge. Today’s ethics discusses the fundamental issues of man’s place in the world. The human existence is one of the causes of the contemporary crisis. This crisis between man and the world obliges us to raise a radical question of the ethical origins of individual and global responsibility for the quality of life and the future of human generations. This question requires going back to the historical and ethical considerations about the Socratic project of the good life. The starting point for Socratic ethics is an inter-personal and inner-personal dialogue; the subsequent result is man’s practical wisdom of how to build his life with others. Socrates argues that the key issue of responsibility is the awakening of self-awareness and the way to achieve this objective is through dialogue.

8

Sokrates a etyka biznesu (Rozważania o etycznych źródłach odpowiedzialności)

93%

Podrez E.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2008

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vol. 11

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issue 1

EN

The presented work attempts to show a link between business and global responsibility with the Socratic idea of self-knowledge. The today’s ethics discusses the fundamental issues of the man’s place in the world. The human existence is one of the causes of the contemporary crisis. This crisis between man and the world obliges us to raise a radical question of the ethical origins of individual and global responsibility for the quality of life, including also the future human generations. This question requires going back to the historical and ethical considerations about the Socratic project of good life. The starting point for the Socratic ethics is an interpersonal and inner-personal dialogue; the subsequent result of that is man’s practical wisdom of how to build his own life together with others. Socrates argues that the key issue of responsibility is awakening of self-awareness and the way to achieve this objective is dialogue.

9

The Refutation of Gorgias: Notes on a Contradiction

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Güremen R.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2017

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vol. 8

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issue 1

237-248

EN

This paper claims that Socrates’ refutation of Gorgias in the eponymous dialogue is designed not to find out the truth about the nature of the art of rhetoric itself but to refute the master of rhetoric himself. I try to justify this claim by displaying some major contradictions between the conclusions reached at with Gorgias and those reached at with Polus. When these contradictions are taken into account, the discussion with Polus is to be seen as reflecting the genuine Socratic position about rhetoric, whereas the discussion with Gorgias seems only to be devised as a dexterity in refutation.

10

Sókratova „neskladebná“ filosofie : K Fischerovu výkladu Sókrata

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Jíra P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2012

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vol. 60

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issue 2, Special No: Hledání ztraceného času

135-148

EN

The author notes a lack of response to the work of J. L. Fischer and, using Fischer’s interpretation of Socrates, shows that Fischer deserves critical attention. He ﬁrst analyses Fischer’s interpretation in terms of content. Fischer’s approach stems from the Scottish school and his analyses can still be productive. However, his idea of a “psychological analysis”, of Socrates proves rather problematic. The author goes on to analyse what Socrates means for Fischer philosophically, noting that fundamental premises of Socrates’ philosophy are exact opposite of the “composable philosophy” Fischer advocates. For Fischer, this means philosophy which can be composed – built up – of discrete observations after the manner of a scientiﬁc theory, at least as positivist thinkers conceived of it. Socrates oﬀers a rationalist defence of autocratic rule. T e measure of all things is not the citizen but the expert. On such presuppositions, a general assembly would make no sense. Tus though his study poses as purely historical, Fischer manages to work his way to his central motif, the crisis contemporary democracy challenged by dogma “scientiﬁ c ma¬terialism” which can be neither analysed nor refuted. Socrates is pre¬sented as democracy’s enemy, in wholly contemporary terms. Fischer’s presentation of Socrates, rather like Popper’s reading of Plato, thus re¬ﬂects the experience of the twentieth century.

11

Aristotelés o Sókratovi a "logoi Sókratikoi"

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Suvák V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2022

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vol. 70

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issue 1

115-137

EN

The article provides a reassessment of Aristotle’s accounts of Socrates, which modern historians describe as one of the four main sources in solving the so-called Socratic problem. In the first part, the article returns to the grammatical distinction by which Aristotle mentions Socrates’ name. In the next part, it analyzes those places in Metaphysics and in Aristotle’s ethical writings that make mention of Socrates. In a more detailed fashion the structure of Aristotle’s Protrepticus, in which Socrates does not appear but his absence could be important for understanding Aristotle’s approach to philosophy, is then presented. In the last part, the article returns to the problem of the Sokratikoi logoi and asks whether Aristotle uses this term to mean a prose genre in which the fictional is mixed with the historical. These respective analyzes lead us to the conclusion that Aristotle worked freely with the character of Socrates, relying primarily on the representations of Socrates in Plato’s dialogues. Thus, Aristotle’s accounts do not help us in the reconstruction of Socrates’ historical attitudes.

12

Sokrates, czyli człowiek wolny w komunistycznej Czechosłowacji

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Firlej A.

Porównania

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2024

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vol. 35

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issue 1

63-73

EN

The starting point for the research presented in this article is Jan Patočka's concept of two possible freedom attitudes towards the advantage of the totalitarian regime: Socratic (open confrontation) and Platonic (internal emigration). The first, radical way of practicing freedom was described based on the fate of selected figures of Czechoslovak culture: Jan Patočka, Jiřy Nĕmec and Eva Kantůrková, whose uncompromising decisions exposed them to death, exile or imprisonment. The three most important ideas that guided the heroes of the article will be indicated: truth, spirituality and will. In conclusion the parallel between the situation of Czechoslovak and Ukrainian is showed on the basis of the interest into the Socrates’ attitude, which is to be found in Oleksandr Boychenko’s articles.

PL

Punktem wyjścia do badań prezentowanych w artykule jest koncepcja Jana Patočki dotycząca dwóch możliwych postaw wolnościowych wobec przewagi reżimu totalitarnego: sokratejskiej (otwarta konfrontacja) i platońskiej (emigracja wewnętrzna). Pierwszy, radykalny sposób praktykowania wolności został opisany na przykładzie losów wybranych postaci kultury czechosłowackiej: Jana Patočki, Jiřego Nĕmca i Evy Kantůrkovej, których bezkompromisowe decyzje narażały na śmierć, wygnanie lub uwięzienie. Wskazane zostaną trzy najważniejsze idee, które przyświecały bohaterom artykułu: prawda, duchowość i wola. W konkluzji przypomniane zostają prace ukraińskiego literaturoznawcy, Ołeksandra Bojczenki, poświęcone postawie Sokratesa w kontekście ukraińskiej opozycji.

13

The Socrates Treatment

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Hrachovec H.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2015

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issue 2

7-17

EN

The first section of this paper examines the discursive procedure employed by Soc-rates to subvert common preconceptions of important socio-behavioral notions. The point of reference will be the concept of courage which is the main concern in Plato’s Laches. The key characteristics of paideia can be exhibited by reconstructing the proce-dure common sense is subjected to in this example. The second section discusses the tremendous influence this pattern of inquiry has had on traditional philosophy. Particu-lar attention is drawn to the way it confers superiority to philosophers in “pedagogical” discourse and to the fact that this privileged stance can by no means be taken for granted under present circumstances.

14

O głosach w głowie Sokratesa. Przyczynek do dyskusji

82%

Sajdek Z.

Racjonalia. Z punktu widzenia humanistyki

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2013

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vol. 3

EN

The article is an attempt to answer the question what Socrates’ daimonion is, and withal, what its function, meaning and origins are. The main part of this article is focused on diverse interpretations of philosophers such as Guthrie, Swieżawski, Nowicki etc. In this context there are presented two general attitudes towards the problem: personal and abstract. Additionally, concerning the abstract interpretation, it is proposed reading daimonion as a sort of ultimate intuition.

15

Funkcja i znaczenie prologu w „Protagorasie” Platona (Prot. 309A– 316A)

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Głodowska A.

Collectanea Philologica

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2019

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issue 22

5-32

EN

Plato’s Protagoras belongs to the most read and analyzed works of the philosopher. Interest is aroused not only by the content of the work, but also by its form: diligent composition, elaborate descriptions of characters and dramatic nature of separate scenes, although the work belongs to the group of narrative dialogues. The aim of this article is to analyze the prologue of Protagoras, which consists of five scenes (309a–316a), to answer the question what function they have and how important role they play in this dialogue.

16

The Pious Life of Empress Helena, Constantine the Great’s Mother, in the Light of Socrates of Constantinople and Sozomen

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Bralewski S.

Studia Ceranea

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2017

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vol. 7

27-39

EN

In his Ecclesiastical history, Socrates depicts Helena as a pious, strong and independent woman, the mother of the emperor, realizing her own ideas and acting as a tool in the hands of God – the ultimate inspiration of her actions. The emperor, her son, only supported her in her undertakings. According to Socrates, Helena travelled to Jerusalem to answer God’s call; there, she organized the search for the Sepulchre and the Holy Cross and found them. She was supported by Macarius, the bishop of Jerusalem, who, after God’s intervention, distinguished the True Cross from the crosses of the two villains. The empress divided the relics and sent some of them to her son to Constantinople; moreover, in the Holy Land, she built three basilicas connected with the life of Christ. Finally, Socrates mentions her piety and discusses the place of her burial. Conversely, in Sozomen’s account of the recovery of Christ’s Sepulchre and the relics, the main role is played by emperor Constantine, who wished to repay God for his blessings; he ordered the search and the construction of the basilica on Mount Golgotha. His mother only supported him in his plans, led by her devoutness, to which Sozomen pays more attention than his predecessor – he emphasizes Helena’s sensitivity to human poverty and suffering. The emperor was also involved in her generous deeds and gave her access to the imperial treasury. Thus, as indicated by Sozomen, Helena’s piety brought prosperity both to her family and to the whole Roman Empire.

17

‘‘Plato Socraticus’ – The Apology of Socrates and Euthyphro

81%

Erler M.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

79-92

EN

The present paper focuses on the two works of Plato’s first tetralogyso as to bring out and generally characterize the Socratic dimensionof Plato’s philosophizing. It is common knowledge that Socrates’ trialand defense inspired Plato to engage in dialogical writing which culminatedin the famous logoi Sokratikoi. The article deals with the followingissues: 1. Philosophy as a ‘care for the soul’ in the Apology; 2. “The unexaminedlife is not worth living for a human being” (Ap. 38a); 3. Philosophyas a service to the god in the Euthyphro; 4. Socrates’ elenchos;5. Plato’s logoi Sokratikoi. While the issues are lively debated in thesubject literature, the present paper makes references to several importantstudies and to the broader account of Plato’s philosophy that is to befound in Erler 2006 and Erler 2007.

PL

The present paper focuses on the two works of Plato’s first tetralogy so as to bring out and generally characterize the Socratic dimension of Plato’s philosophizing. It is common knowledge that Socrates’ trial and defense inspired Plato to engage in dialogical writing which culminated in the famous logoi Sokratikoi. The article deals with the following issues: 1. Philosophy as a ‘care for the soul’ in the Apology; 2. “The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being” (Ap. 38a); 3. Philosophy as a service to the god in the Euthyphro; 4. Socrates’ elenchos; 5. Plato’s logoi Sokratikoi. While the issues are lively debated in the subject literature, the present paper makes references to several important studies and to the broader account of Plato’s philosophy that is to be found in Erler 2006 and Erler 2007.

18

Defiance, Persuasion or Conformity? The Argument in Plato’s Apology and Crito

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Domaradzki M.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

111-122

EN

The present paper attempts to throw some light on the conundrum of Socrates’ political views in the Apology and Crito. The problem resides in that the Socrates of the Apology evidently undermines the authority of Athenian democracy, whereas the Socrates of the Crito argues that his escape from prison would be tantamount to disrespecting the state, which would in turn threaten the prosperity of the entire πόλις. The article suggests that in the two dialogues, the young Plato examines the possibility of steering a middle course between embracing relativism, on the one hand, and encouraging civil disobedience, on the other. Thus, the philosopher focuses primarily on investigating the two options, without either totally subordinating the citizen to the state, or unreflexively accepting any crude pragmatism.

19

On the Epistemic Value of Eros. The Relationship Between Socrates and Alcibiades

81%

Candiotto L.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2017

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vol. 8

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issue 1

225-236

EN

Several key lines concerning the relationship between Socrates and Alcibiades, extracted from the Symposium and the Alcibiades 1, are discussed for the purpose of detecting the epistemic value that Plato attributed to eros in his new model of education. As result of this analysis, I argue for the philosophical significance of the relationship between Socrates and Alcibiades as a clear example – even when failed – of the epistemic role of eros in the dialogically extended knowledge.

20

K interpretácii Sókratových posledných slov

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Suvák V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2019

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vol. 67

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issue 3

323-338

EN

The article addresses various approaches to the interpretation of Socrates’ last words in Plato’s Phaedo 118a7–8. Some of the traditional interpretations read his final statement literally and understand it as being about an unfulfilled debt to Asclepius. The majority of modern interpretations, however, give his last words an allegorical meaning, but each understands them differently. The article shows that, on the basis of linguistic analysis and the overall context into which they are inserted, we can see them as being a demand to have an unceasing concern for oneself and others, which relates not only to Socrates and his closest students, but also to us, the readers of Plato’s dialogue.

DE

Der Artikel befasst sich mit verschiedenen Interpretationsansätzen der letzten Worte des Sokrates in Platons Phaidon 118a7–8. Ein Teil der traditionellen Interpreten liest Sokrates wörtlich und versteht seine Worte als unerfüllte Schuld gegenüber Asklepios. Die meisten modernen Interpreten verstehen Sokrates´ Worte allegorisch, wobei jedoch jeder ein anderes Verständnis hat. Der Artikel zeigt, dass wir Sokrates’ letzten Worten auf Grundlage einer Sprachanalyse und des Gesamtkontextes, in den sie eingebettet sind, die Bedeutung einer Aufforderung zur beständigen Sorge um sich selbst und um Andere zuschreiben könnten, was jedoch nicht nur Sokrates und seine Schüler, sondern auch uns, die Leser von Platons Dialog betrifft.

SK

Článok sa zaoberá rôznymi prístupmi k interpretácii posledných Sókratových slov v Platónovom Faidónovi 118a7–8. Časť tradičných interpretov číta Sókratove slová doslovne a chápe ich ako nesplnený dlh Asklépiovi. Väčšina moderných interpretov však dáva Sókratovým slovám alegorický význam, ale každý z nich ich chápe inak. Článok ukazuje, že na základe jazykovej analýzy Sókratových posledných slov a celkového kontextu, do ktorého sú zasadené, by sme im mohli dať význam požiadavky neustálej starosti o seba a druhých, ktorá sa týka nielen Sókrata a jeho najbližších žiakov, ale aj nás, čitateľov Platónovho dialógu.

Refine search results

The Legal, Political, Philosophical and Religious Dimension of Socrates’ Trial and Execution

Why Not Escape? On the Hosiotes in Plato’s Crito

Z nowych badań nad dialogiem Sokratejskim

Socrates’ Philosophy as a Divine Service in Plato’s Apology

A Socrates That Does Not Listen. The Euthyphro Case

Ethical Dimension of Time in Plato’s Apology of Socrates

Socrates and Business Ethics. Considerations on the ethical origins of responsibility

Sokrates a etyka biznesu (Rozważania o etycznych źródłach odpowiedzialności)

The Refutation of Gorgias: Notes on a Contradiction

Sókratova „neskladebná“ filosofie : K Fischerovu výkladu Sókrata

Aristotelés o Sókratovi a "logoi Sókratikoi"

Sokrates, czyli człowiek wolny w komunistycznej Czechosłowacji

The Socrates Treatment

O głosach w głowie Sokratesa. Przyczynek do dyskusji

Funkcja i znaczenie prologu w „Protagorasie” Platona (Prot. 309A– 316A)

The Pious Life of Empress Helena, Constantine the Great’s Mother, in the Light of Socrates of Constantinople and Sozomen